Semiorganics: A New Class of Nlo Materials

A new organic-inorganic compound, ethyl-enedi-ammonium hexa-chlorido-stannate(IV) p-anisaldehyde disolvate

The asymmetric unit of the title organic-inorganic hybrid complex [systematic name: ethane-1,2-diaminium hexa-chlorido-stannate(IV)-4-meth-oxy-benz-alde-hyde (1/2)], (C2H10N2)[SnCl6]·2C8H8O2, contains one half of an ethyl-enedi-ammonium cation, one half of an [SnCl6]2- anion and one p-anisaldehyde mol-ecule. Both the organic cation and the quasi-regular octa-hedral inorganic anion are located about inversion centres. The organic cations and [SnCl6]2- anions lie in layers parallel to the ac plane with p-anisaldehyde mol-ecules occupying the space between the layers. A network of classical N-H⋯Cl and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds exists between the ethyl-enedi-ammonium cations and the [SnCl6]2- anions and p-anisaldehyde mol-ecules. These inter-actions, together with non-classical C-H⋯O inter-actions between the ethyl-enedi-ammonium cations and the p-anisaldehyde mol-ecules, serve to hold the structure together. The crystal studied was refined as a two-component twin.

Synthesis, crystal growth, physio-chemical characterization and quantum chemical calculations of NLO active metal–organic crystal: dibromo(4-hydroxy-l-proline)cadmium(ii) for non-linear optical applications

Single crystals of DB4HPC, a new metal–organic complex, have been grown from saturated solution for the first time. DB4HPC crystallizes in a monoclinic crystal system with noncentrosymmetric space group P2₁ and is thermally stable up to 240 °C.

Effect of L-aspartic acid on the growth, structure and spectral studies of Zinc (tris) Thiourea Sulphate (ZTS) single crystals

Single crystals of pure and L-aspartic acid doped Zinc (Tris) Thiourea Sulphate (ZTS) were grown from aqueous solution by solution growth method. The cell parameters and structure of the grown crystals were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The presence of functional group in the compound has been confirmed by FTIR and FT-Raman analysis. The optical transparency range has been studied through UV-Vis spectroscopy. TGA/DTA studies show thermal stability of the grown crystals. Microhardness study reveals that the hardness number (Hv) increases with load for pure and doped ZTS crystals. Dielectric studies have been carried out and the results are discussed. The second harmonic generation was confirmed for l-aspartic acid doped ZTS which is greater than pure ZTS.

Synthesis, growth and characterization of a nonlinear optical crystal: Bis l-proline hydrogen nitrate

The single crystals of bis l-proline hydrogen nitrate (BLPHN) belonging to non-centrosymmetric space group were successfully grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique. The BLPHN crystals of size 10×7×3mm(3) were obtained in 35days. Initially, the solubility tests were carried out for two solvents such as deionized water and mixed of deionized water-acetone. Among the two solvents, the solubility of BLPHN was found to be the highest in deionized water, so crystallization of BLPHN was done from its aqueous solution. As grown, crystals were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies and optical transmission spectral studies. Infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis measurements were performed to study the molecular vibration and thermal behavior of the grown BLPHN crystals. Nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of BLPHN crystal was studied by Kurtz and Perry powder method.

Growth, spectral, thermal, dielectric, mechanical, linear and nonlinear optical, birefringence, laser damage threshold studies of semi-organic crystal: dibrucinium sulfate heptahydrate

Dibrucinium sulfate heptahydrate (DBSH), a semi-organic nonlinear optical material, has been synthesized and single crystals were grown from water-ethanol solution at room temperature up to dimensions of 10×7×2 mm(3). The unit cell parameters were determined from single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies. The structural perfection of the grown crystal has been analyzed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) study. FTIR and Raman studies were performed to identify the functional groups present in the title compound. The activation energy (E), entropy (ΔS), enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG), of the thermal decomposition reaction have been derived from thermo gravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal (DTA) analysis curves, using Coats-Redfern method. The variation of dielectric properties of the grown crystal with respect to frequency has been investigated at different temperatures. Microhardness measurements revealed the mechanical strength of grown crystal. The optical parameters, the optical band gap E(g) and width of localized states Eu were determined using the transmittance data in the spectral range 200-800 nm. The relative second harmonic efficiency of the compound is found to be 1.4 times greater than that of KDP. Birefringence and Laser damage threshold studies were carried out for the grown crystal.

Habit modification of bis-thiourea zinc chloride (ZTC) semi organic crystals by impurities

Single crystals of bis-thiourea zinc chloride (ZTC) doped with metal ion (Li(+)) possess excellent nonlinear optical properties. These crystals were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The effect of Li(+) dopant on the growth and properties of ZTC single crystal were investigated and reported. The grown crystals were crystallized in orthorhombic structure with non-centro symmetric space group Pn21a through the parent compound. The amount of dopant incorporated in the parent crystal was revealed by the inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) studies. The FT-IR spectroscopy study was done for finding and confirming the functional groups present in the compound. The UV-Visible spectral study was carried out to find the optical behavior and transparency nature of the grown crystal. TG/DTA measurements and Vickers microhardness measurements were traced to find out the thermal and mechanical stability of the grown crystals respectively. Using Nd:YAG laser, the Second harmonic generation (SHG) for the grown crystals were confirmed.

Growth and characterization of nonlinear optical crystal Bis Thiourea Zinc Acetate (BTZA) in the presence of L-Proline

Single crystal of 2 mol% L-Proline doped Bis Thiourea Zinc Acetate (BTZA), a semi organic nonlinear optical material has been grown using slow evaporation technique. Good quality single crystal with dimension 11×7×3 mm(3) was harvested after 30 days. The influence of amino acid L-Proline was studied for 1, 2 and 3 mol% L-Proline doped BTZA using Kurtz and Perry powder second harmonic generation test. This was compared with pure BTZA which confirms the enhancement of second harmonic generation property of L-Proline doped BTZA. Better enhancement was found in 2 mol% L-Proline doping. The grown crystal was characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, UV-Visible absorption and thermogravimetric analysis.

Effect of lithium chloride on spectral, optical, thermal and mechanical behaviour of bis thiourea zinc acetate crystals

Single crystals of pure bis thiourea zinc acetate (BTZA) and lithium chloride (LiCl) doped BTZA have been synthesized and grown successfully from aqueous solutions by slow evaporation technique. The single crystals thus grown were characterized by different techniques such as single crystal XRD, AAS, FT-IR, UV-Vis, TG/DTA and SHG test. The single crystal XRD study proved that the dopant has not changed the structure of the parent crystal. The AAS study confirmed the presence of lithium in the doped crystal. The FTIR study ascertained the metal coordination of lithium chloride doped BTZA through thiourea. The optical behavior of the doped crystal has been examined by UV spectral analysis. Thermal studies TGA & DTA of the doped crystal have been investigated and found that the doped crystal is thermally more stable than the pure crystal. The SHG test using Nd: YAG Laser confirmed the NLO activity of the pure and doped crystal. The obtained results are presented and discussed.

Electron irradiation effects on optical properties of semiorganic antimony thiourea tetra chloride single crystals

Antimony thiourea tetra chloride single crystals were grown by solution growth technique at room temperature. The UV-visible, fourier transform infrared and fluorescence spectra were recorded and electron irradiation effects on these properties were studied. The optical absorption edge of the UV-visible spectrum slightly shifts towards longer wavelength with the increase of irradiation dose. The fluorescence quantum yield is decreased for electron irradiated antimony thiourea tetra chloride crystals. The presence of functional group of the as-grown and electron irradiated complex was confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectral study.

Synthesis, growth, structural, spectroscopic and optical studies of a semiorganic NLO crystal: zinc guanidinium phosphate

The semi-organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, zinc guanidinium phosphate (ZGuP) has been grown through synthesis between zinc sulphate, guanidine carbonate and orthophosphoric acid from its aqueous solution by slow solvent evaporation technique. Solubility of the synthesized material has been determined for various temperatures using water as solvent. The grown crystal has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction to confirm the crystal structure. Investigation has been carried out to assign the vibrational frequencies of the grown crystals by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique. (1)H and (13)C FT-NMR have been recorded to elucidate the molecular structure. The optical absorption study confirms the suitability of the crystal for device applications. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of ZGuP is found to be 1.825 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Thermal behavior of the grown crystals has been studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The mechanical properties of the grown crystals have been studied using Vickers microhardness tester.

Growth, spectral, optical and thermal characterization of new metallorganic crystal--bisthiourea nickel chloride

The novel nonlinear optical single crystal of bisthiourea nickel chloride (BTNC) was grown successfully by slow evaporation technique using water as solvent. The lattice parameters of the grown crystal have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Vibrational spectra were recorded to determine the symmetries of molecular vibrations. Presence of various functional groups of BTNC was identified through FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analyses. Optical absorbance spectrum recorded in the wavelength range of UV-vis-NIR revealed that this crystal has good optical transparency in the range 200-2000 nm. The second harmonic generation test of BTNC revealed the nonlinear nature of the crystal. The BTNC crystal was analyzed by differential thermal and thermo gravimetric analysis (DTA-TGA) to obtain its thermal stability.

Semiorganic nonlinear optical material for frequency doubling: preparation and properties of sodium p-nitrophenolate dihydrate (SPNP)

Sodium p-nitrophenolate (SPNP), a semiorganic nonlinear optical (NLO) material useful for frequency doubling in the IR region, has been synthesized. The solubility studies have been carried out in the temperature range 30-50 degrees C. Single crystals (size 12 mmx7 mmx4 mm) have been grown by slow evaporation of the saturated aqueous solution (methanol as solvent) at 30 degrees C. The lattice parameters of the grown crystals have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The UV-vis-NIR transmittance spectrum has been recorded in the range 200-1500 nm. The molecular structure was confirmed by FT-IR and FT-NMR. SPNP was thermally stable up to 103 degrees C as determined by TG/DTA curves. By a modified Kurtz and Perry method, the powder SHG efficiency was found to be five times that of KDP and its phase matching property was established. Laser damage threshold of SPNP was determined using a Nd:YAG laser.