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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang Z, Wang F, Kang L, Cao F, Dong K, Ren J, Qu X. Renal-clearable ultrasmall covalent organic framework nanodots as photodynamic agents for effective cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2019; 223:119462. [PMID: 31491599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their derivatives represent an emerging class of crystalline porous materials with broad potential applications. However, the biomedical applications of them were limited by the large size, low dispersivity, poor bioavailability within cells and metabolic problems. Herein, renal-clearable ultrasmall COF nanodots have been synthesized and utilized as efficient cancer therapy agents. A simple liquid exfoliation strategy was used to prepare COF nanodots. After polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugation, the PEG coated COF nanodots (COF nanodots-PEG) showed improved physiological stability and biocompatibility. In addition, the well isolated porphyrin molecules endowed COF nanodots-PEG good light-triggered reactive oxygen species production ability, which showed excellent photodynamic therapy efficiency with good tumor accumulation ability. In particular, due to the ultrasmall size, COF nanodots-PEG could be cleared from the body through the renal filtration with no appreciable in vivo toxicity. Our study highlights the potential of COFs-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, PR China.
| | - Fangfang Cao
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
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Gjuroski I, Furrer J, Vermathen M. How Does the Encapsulation of Porphyrinic Photosensitizers into Polymer Matrices Affect Their Self-Association and Dynamic Properties? Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1089-1102. [PMID: 29384257 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with porphyrinic photosensitizers largely relies on efficient drug formulations to prevent porphyrin aggregation and to enhance water solubility and stability in physiologic environments. In this study, we compare two polymeric carrier systems, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and block copolymer micelles (BCMs) formed by the poloxamer Kolliphor P188 (KP), for their encapsulation efficiencies of porphyrin (xPP) and chlorin e6 (xCE) derivatives. Monomerization, loading efficiency, and dynamic properties were examined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy chemical shift titration, DOSY, and T2 relaxation time measurements. Binding affinity was determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Both PVP and KP-BCMs were well suited to disaggregate and encapsulate amphiphilic xCE, whereas they were less efficient for the xPP compounds. PVP exhibited higher monomerization efficiency than KP-BCMs. Significant differences were found in the dynamic behavior of the carriers. PVP formed rather stable complexes with the porphyrinic compounds, whereas a dynamic equilibrium between free and bound porphyrins was found to exist in the presence of KP-BCMs. This may have a considerable impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of the corresponding delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilche Gjuroski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Furrer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Cooper DR, Kudinov K, Tyagi P, Hill CK, Bradforth SE, Nadeau JL. Photoluminescence of cerium fluoride and cerium-doped lanthanum fluoride nanoparticles and investigation of energy transfer to photosensitizer molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:12441-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01044b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CexLa1−xF3 nanoparticles have been proposed for use in nanoscintillator–photosensitizer systems, aiming to combine the effects of radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- McGill University
- 3775 Rue University
- Montreal, Canada
| | - Konstantin Kudinov
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles, USA
| | - Pooja Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- 3775 Rue University
- Montreal, Canada
| | - Colin K. Hill
- Department of Radiation Oncology
- Keck School of Medicine
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Jay L. Nadeau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- McGill University
- 3775 Rue University
- Montreal, Canada
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Tessaro AL, Fernandes DM, Terezo AJ, de Souza VR, Hioka N. Influences of experimental parameters on the stability of a benzoporphyrin drug in water/ethanol mixtures: a statistical approach investigation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The benzoporphyrin derivative, named B3B, is a promising new drug for application in photodynamic therapy. In aqueous organic solvent mixtures, B3B, can be used in topical application for superficial diseases, like for skin cancer. In this paper, the self-aggregation phenomena of porphyrin molecules in aqueous media was investigated using a chemometric tool to evaluate the effects of experimental variables on the stability of the B3B monomer in water/ethanol mixtures. A 23 factorial design was employed which permitted determination of the magnitude of experimental parameters which influence aggregation of the drug at different pHs using the minimum number of experiments. At first, the pK a values of the B3B in water/ethanol mixtures were determined by spectrophotometric measurements, resulting in pK a1 = 3.3 and pK a2 = 5.7, corresponding to the imino nitrogens and carboxylic groups, respectively. The experimental variables (B3B concentration, time and water/ethanol composition) were evaluated in three protonation states of the drug, at pH 7.0, 4.1 and 2.6. The two levels (low and high) were set up at: time 5 (-) and 360 minutes (+); [B3B] 4.4 × 10-6(-) and 26.5 × 10-6 M (+); and water content in ethanol 40 (-) and 60% (+). The main parameter that determines the magnitude of the effects seems to be the charge component of B3B, which can be modulated by the pH. The results from the 23 fractional design indicated that the main variable inducing B3B aggregation is the water percentage in ethanol at each pH selected. The magnitude of this effect was pronounced at pH 4.1 where the carboxylic and nitrogen free base forms of B3B are maintained. The factors of time and [B3B], despite being small, are not insignificant. Finally, the effect of water content was investigated in a wide range of water percentage in these three pHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Tessaro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, Paraná Cep 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Martins Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, Paraná Cep 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Ailton José Terezo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, Paraná Cep 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Vagner Roberto de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, Paraná Cep 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, Paraná Cep 87020-900, Brazil
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Mojzisova H, Bonneau S, Brault D. Structural and physico-chemical determinants of the interactions of macrocyclic photosensitizers with cells. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2007; 36:943-53. [PMID: 17628795 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-007-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New therapies have been developed using reactive oxygen species produced by light-activation of photosensitizers (PS). Since the lifetime of these species is extremely short and their diffusion in space is limited, the photo-induced reactions primarily affect the cell organelles labeled by the PS. In addition to the development of molecules with the best optical and photosensitizing properties, considerable research has been done to understand the physico-chemical parameters governing their subcellular localization. In this review, we examine these parameters to establish the structure/efficacy relationships, which allow specific targeting of PS. We examine the effect of subcellular localization on the cellular response to photosensitization processes. We discuss the determinants of subcellular localization, including the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, the specific charge effects and the dynamics of PS' transfer through membranes. Specific targeting can also be achieved with molecular structures able to recognize cellular or intracellular receptors, and this is also dealt with in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Mojzisova
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire Cellulaire et Tissulaire (BIOMOCETI), CNRS UMR 7033, Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Genopole Campus 1, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030, Evry Cedex, Paris, France.
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Kruk MM, Braslavsky SE. Acid−Base Equilibria in 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)chlorin: Role of Conformational Flexibility. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:3414-25. [PMID: 16526620 DOI: 10.1021/jp056896h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The acid-base equilibria in 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)chlorin were studied in aqueous solution and compared with the respective data for the corresponding porphyrin. The reduction of the pyrrole ring in the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle noticeably influences both free base/monoprotonated and mono-/diprotonated species equilibria. In strong acidic solutions protonation of 4-sulfonatophenyl groups takes place in addition to protonation of the macrocycle core. The photophysical properties of all ionic forms are influenced by an enhanced rate of internal S1 --> S0 conversion, leading to about 50% and 90% deactivation through this channel for the free base and diprotonated species, respectively. The enhancement of the rate of the radiationless transitions is explained by an increased conformational flexibility of the chlorin macrocycle with respect to that of a porphyrin. Structural volume change measurements with laser-induced optoacoustic spectroscopy support this explanation. The contraction upon triplet state formation of the free base is about one-half of that measured for the corresponding porphyrin. This contraction should be due to intramolecular structural rearrangements of the macrocycle to adopt a minimum energy conformation in case of the chlorin. On the contrary, for the more rigid porphyrin macrocycle the interactions of the molecule with the solvent environment play a more important role. The diprotonated forms of both porphyrin and chlorin show a high radiationless S1 --> S0 conversion rate and seem to have a similar conformational flexibility. In agreement with previous calculations, the conformational flexibility of the diprotonated forms appears to be higher than that of the free base molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikalai M Kruk
- Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics of National Academy of Sciences, 70 F. Skaryna Avenue, 2202072 Mink, Belarus
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Solov’eva AB, Melik-Nubarov NS, Aksenova NA, Glagolev NN, Vstovskii GV, Bugrin VS, Luzgina VN, Ol’shevskaya VA, Belkova GV. Porphyrin photosensitizers solubilized with pluronics in the oxidation of tryptophan. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024406010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Simplicio FI, Ribeiro da Silva Soares R, Maionchi F, Santin Filho O, Hioka N. Aggregation of a Benzoporphyrin Derivative in Water/Organic Solvent Mixtures: A Mechanistic Proposition. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ibanez Simplicio
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Florângela Maionchi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ourides Santin Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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9
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Wanunu M, Vaskevich A, Rubinstein I. Widely-Applicable Gold Substrate for the Study of Ultrathin Overlayers. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:5569-76. [PMID: 15113228 DOI: 10.1021/ja0396448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrathin films on gold substrates have been the subject of enormous scientific and technological interest. Comprehensive study of such systems requires concomitant application of a variety of complementary characterization techniques. The reliability of the result is frequently hampered by the fact that different characterization methods impose different requirements on the Au substrate, resulting in the need to use different types of Au substrates for different measurements, possibly influencing the overlayer structure. This results in an average, rather than exact, structure determination. Here, we show that 15-nm-thick Au films evaporated at 0.5 A/sec on silanized glass and annealed are semi-transparent, electrically conducting, and morphologically well-defined, showing a smooth, [111] textured surface. Such Au films provide a high-quality, widely applicable and relatively inexpensive platform for ultrathin overlayers, enabling characterization by a wide spectrum of experimental methods, applied to the same substrate. The exceptional qualities and analytical capabilities of such substrates are demonstrated with several different systems: (i) Cu underpotential deposition (upd); (ii) alkanethiol self-assembly; (iii) formation of Au nanoparticle layers; (iv) binding of the chromophore protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) to a monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA). In the latter case it is shown that the use of Cu(2+) ions for binding between the carboxylate groups of PPIX and MUA promotes better organization of the porphyrin layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meni Wanunu
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Bonneau S, Maman N, Brault D. Dynamics of pH-dependent self-association and membrane binding of a dicarboxylic porphyrin: a study with small unilamellar vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2004; 1661:87-96. [PMID: 14967478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Revised: 12/03/2003] [Accepted: 12/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state and stopped-flow measurements of the absorbance and fluorescence of aqueous solutions were performed to characterize the pH-dependent ionization and aggregation states of deuteroporphyrin. Porphyrin self-association promoted by neutralization of the carboxylic groups takes place within a few milliseconds impeding characterization of the monomer ionization states. Extrapolation at infinite dilution of the values obtained from steady-state measurements yielded the pKs of the carboxylic groups (6.6, 5.3) and inner nitrogens (4.1, 2.3). The kinetics of interactions of the porphyrin with unilamellar fluid state dioleoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was examined in a large pH range, with focus on the entry step. From alkaline pH to a value of 6.5, the entrance rate is maximal (1.69 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) versus phospholipid concentration). It decreases to 2.07 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) at lower pH with an apparent pK of 5.39. This effect appears to be related to the formation of porphyrin dimer rather than to the protonation of inner nitrogen. In keeping with previous data, these results support the concept of a pH-mediated selectivity of carboxylic porphyrins for tumor. They also indicate that the propensity of these molecules to self-associate at low pH could yield to some retention in acidic intracellular vesicles of the endosome/lysosome compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bonneau
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie Biomoléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7033, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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11
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Schweitzer C, Schmidt R. Physical mechanisms of generation and deactivation of singlet oxygen. Chem Rev 2003; 103:1685-757. [PMID: 12744692 DOI: 10.1021/cr010371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1294] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Schweitzer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Marie-Curie-Strasse 11, D60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Schweitzer C, Mehrdad Z, Noll A, Grabner EW, Schmidt R. Mechanism of Photosensitized Generation of Singlet Oxygen during Oxygen Quenching of Triplet States and the General Dependence of the Rate Constants and Efficiencies of O2(1Σg+), O2(1Δg), and O2(3Σg-) Formation on Sensitizer Triplet State Energy and Oxidation Potential. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026189d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Schweitzer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Marie-Curie-Strasse 11, D60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Zahra Mehrdad
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Marie-Curie-Strasse 11, D60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Astrid Noll
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Marie-Curie-Strasse 11, D60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erich-Walter Grabner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Marie-Curie-Strasse 11, D60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schmidt
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Marie-Curie-Strasse 11, D60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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13
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Fra̧ckowiak D, Ion RM, Waszkowiak A. Spectral Properties of Phthalocyanines Oriented in Stretched Polymer Films. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0212592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Fra̧ckowiak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznań University of Technology, Nieszawska 13A,60 965 Poznań, Poland, and ICECHIM Chemical Analysis Department, Splaiul Independentei 202, Bucharest-77208 Romania
| | - Rodica-Mariana Ion
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznań University of Technology, Nieszawska 13A,60 965 Poznań, Poland, and ICECHIM Chemical Analysis Department, Splaiul Independentei 202, Bucharest-77208 Romania
| | - Aneta Waszkowiak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznań University of Technology, Nieszawska 13A,60 965 Poznań, Poland, and ICECHIM Chemical Analysis Department, Splaiul Independentei 202, Bucharest-77208 Romania
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