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Ferraboschi P, Ciceri S, Grisenti P. Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1534. [PMID: 34943746 PMCID: PMC8698798 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Samuele Ciceri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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Almohareb R, Barakat R, Alshamsan A, Almutairi M, Alfuraih N, Alsulaiman S. Antibacterial Efficacy of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Compared to Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis: In-vitro Study. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Endodontic infection may persist despite root canal instrumentation. Thus, the use of intracanal medicaments plays an essential role in eliminating resistant bacteria like Enterococcus faecalis, known to be associated with persistent infections in endodontically treated teeth. Although calcium hydroxide is the gold standard intracanal medicament, it has been reported that Enterococcus faecalis is immune to its effects. Therefore, several studies assessed the efficacy of other intracanal medicaments, but none to date evaluated Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate.
Objectives:
This in-vitro randomized controlled study aimed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate as an intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis and compared it to calcium hydroxide.
Methods:
60 extracted single root canal permanent teeth were prepared and later divided into three equal groups according to the intracanal medicament used. Group 1: No intracanal medicament (negative control), Group 2: Calcium hydroxide paste, and Group 3: Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste. The intracanal medicaments were placed on the canals for 7 days. The outcome of this procedure was measured by counting colony-forming units. Statistical analysis was carried out using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc Test to determine significant differences between the groups.
Results:
The mean bacterial count for Group 2 was significantly lower than Group 1 and Group 3. Calcium hydroxide showed significantly more antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis than Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and the negative control groups.
Conclusion:
Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate is ineffective in inhibiting Enterococcus faecalis growth compared to Calcium hydroxide.
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Pereira LM, Estevam LR, da Silva MF, Pinheiro SL. Polyacrylic Acid with Methylene Blue Dye as a Sensitizing Agent for Photodynamic Therapy to Reduce Streptococcus mutans in Dentinal Caries. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:687-693. [PMID: 32758049 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate 11.5% polyacrylic acid (PA) containing 0.3% methylene blue (MB) dye as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of carious dentin. Methods: One hundred twenty molars were selected and the dentin was exposed for cariogenic challenge, where the molars were placed in brain heart infusion medium containing a standard strain of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC). Samples were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 15): S: saline, PA, MB: MB 0.3%, PA+MB: PA containing 0.3% MB + LLL: irradiation with low-level laser, PDT (MB): MB 0.3% + laser, PDT (PA): PA + laser, and PDT (PA+MB): PA containing 0.3% MB + laser. Carious dentin was collected before and after exposure to S. mutans. All samples of carious dentin were homogenized, diluted, and seeded in mitis salivarius bacitracin medium, and the cultures were incubated at 37°C for 15 days in anaerobic jars. The Wilcoxon test was used for analysis. Results: The percent microbial reduction achieved with each treatment was as follows: PDT (MB), 53.62%; PDT (PA+MB), 50.47%; PDT (PA), 46.73%; PA, 38.51%; MB, 19.75%; PA+MB, 17.18%; LLL, 12.83%; S, 5.99%. The greatest reductions in S. mutans growth occurred with PDT (MB), PDT (PA+MB), and PDT (PA) when compared to the S group (p = 0.0002, 0.0023, and 0.0232, respectively). Conclusions: PA containing 0.3% MB can be used as a photosensitizer for PDT to reduce S. mutans burden in carious dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Martins Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lorena Rodriguez Estevam
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Franco da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
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Mao B, Xie Y, Yang H, Yu C, Ma P, You Z, Tsauo C, Chen Y, Cheng L, Han Q. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate modified glass ionomer cement attenuates demineralization and modulates biofilm composition in dental caries. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:84-93. [PMID: 32908042 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of the modified conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) incorporated with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on biofilm composition of dental caries. Shear bond strength, durability tests, adhesive remnant index (ARI) and scanning electron microscope were used to measure the physical properties. Microhardness and ions release were determined to evaluate anti-demineralization effects; growth of the biofilm and its composition were assessed using MTT assay and Q-PCR assay. All experimental groups exhibited a significant stimulation of ions release, and reduced attenuation of microhardness. Nearly 39% reduction in the bacterial biofilm was observed with 5% CPP-ACP group. The regulation ability is mainly manifested in the inhibition of S. mutans and promotion of S. gordonii. The modified GICs by exhibiting anti-demineralization effects potentially lead to a reduction in the cariogenicity of plaque and can serve as a putative promising remineralization system with both enhanced antimicrobial and remineralization properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Yu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Hanjiu Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Chenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Pingchuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Ziying You
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Chialing Tsauo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Qi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
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Lu J, Francis J, Doster RS, Haley KP, Craft KM, Moore RE, Chambers SA, Aronoff DM, Osteen K, Damo SM, Manning S, Townsend SD, Gaddy JA. Lactoferrin: A Critical Mediator of Both Host Immune Response and Antimicrobial Activity in Response to Streptococcal Infections. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1615-1623. [PMID: 32329605 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcal species are Gram-positive bacteria responsible for a variety of disease outcomes including pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, periodontitis, skin and soft tissue infections, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, and neonatal sepsis. In response to streptococcal infections, the host innate immune system deploys a repertoire of antimicrobial and immune modulating molecules. One important molecule that is produced in response to streptococcal infections is lactoferrin. Lactoferrin has antimicrobial properties including the ability to bind iron with high affinity and sequester this important nutrient from an invading pathogen. Additionally, lactoferrin has the capacity to alter the host inflammatory response and contribute to disease outcome. This Review presents the most recent published work that studies the interaction between the host innate immune protein lactoferrin and the invading pathogen, Streptococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Lu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jamisha Francis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ryan S. Doster
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kathryn P. Haley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Kelly M. Craft
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Schuyler A. Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kevin Osteen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Steven M. Damo
- Department of Chemistry, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shannon Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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Tüzüner T, Dimkov A, Nicholson JW. The effect of antimicrobial additives on the properties of dental glass-ionomer cements: a review. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2019; 5:9-21. [PMID: 30652117 PMCID: PMC6327935 DOI: 10.1080/23337931.2018.1539623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this article is to review the literature on the use of antimicrobial additives in glass-ionomer dental cements. Method: An electronic search between 1987 and the end of 2017 was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and Google search engines with the terms glass-ionomer, glass polyalkenoate, antibacterial and antimicrobial as the key words. The search was refined by excluding the majority of references concerned with cement antimicrobial properties only. Extra papers already known to the authors were added to those considered. Results: A total of 92 relevant articles have been cited in the review of which 55 are specifically concerned with the enhancement of antibacterial properties of glass-ionomers, both conventional and resin-modified, with additives. In addition, information is included on the uses of glass-ionomers and the biological properties of the antibacterial additives employed. There are several reports that show that additives are typically released by diffusion, and that a high proportion is usually left behind, trapped in the cement. Additives generally increase setting times of cements, and reduce mechanical properties. However, smaller amounts of additive have only slight effects and the longer-term durability of cements appears unaffected. Conclusion: Modified glass-ionomer cements seem to be acceptable for clinical use, especially in the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Tüzüner
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Aleksandar Dimkov
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, St Cyril and St Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - John W. Nicholson
- Bluefield Centre for Biomaterials, London, United Kingdom
- Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Hosida TY, Delbem ACB, Morais LA, Moraes JCS, Duque C, Souza JAS, Pedrini D. Ion release, antimicrobial and physio-mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement containing micro or nanosized hexametaphosphate, and their effect on enamel demineralization. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2345-2354. [PMID: 30298451 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of hexametaphosphate microparticles (mHMP) or nanoparticles (nHMP) incorporated in glass ionomer cement (GIC) on antimicrobial and physico-mechanical properties, fluoride (F) release, and enamel demineralization. MATERIAL AND METHODS HMP solutions were obtained at concentrations of 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12%, for screening of antimicrobial activity. Next, mHMP or nHMP at 6, 9, and 12% were incorporated into a resin-modified GIC and the antibacterial activity was evaluated. The resistance to diametral tensile and compressive strength, surface hardness, and degree of monomer conversion as well as F and HMP releases of GICs were determined. Furthermore, specimens were attached to enamel blocks and submitted to pH-cycling, and mineral loss was determined. Parametric and non-parametric tests were performed, after checking data homoscedasticity (p < 0.05). RESULTS HMP solutions at 6, 9, and 12% demonstrated the best antibacterial activity. GIC containing HMP showed better antibacterial effects at 9 and 12% for nHMP. Regarding F and HMP releases, the highest levels of release occurred for groups containing 9 and 12% nHMP. With the increase in HMP concentration, there was lower mineral loss. However, the incorporation of mHMP or nHMP in GIC reduced values of physico-mechanical properties when compared to the control GIC. CONCLUSIONS nHMP improves antimicrobial activity and fluoride release, and decreases enamel demineralization, but reduces the physico-mechanical properties of GIC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The association of GIC/HMP could be an alternative material for patients at high risk for dental caries and could be indicated for low-stress regions or provisional restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayse Yumi Hosida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Antônio Morais
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Silos Moraes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Santos Souza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Pedrini
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. .,Disciplina de Clínica Integrada, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil.
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