Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium - current and future use in transplant patients

Systemic Treatment for Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory, relapsing disease of the skin, characterized by intense pruritus, maculopapular or vesicular erythematous lesions and scaling, sometimes accompanied by oozing, crusts and/or lichenification that has a negative impact on patients' quality of life. Prevalence is higher in children, around 15%, and approximately 5% in adults. Before introducing systemic therapy, it is mandatory to review patients' adherence to the correct use of topical treatments (corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors or cresoborole) and/or phototherapy. Ensure that environmental measures are being taken care of, irritant or proven allergic substances are not in use and even if the diagnostic is correct. If all is being done and topical treatment with corticosteroid, emollients and phototherapy have not been sufficient to achieve a good control in AD of adults or children patients, it is time to consider systemic agents. Up to now, most of systemic treatments were based on immunosuppressive therapies, being cyclosporine A, the usually first choice for moderate-to-severe AD. Recently, biologic drugs have been developed and approved for AD, as dupilumab, and a whole new group of drugs is giving much hope for patients to have a better control of the disease with less side effects.

Systemic Treatment of Adult Atopic Dermatitis: A Review

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that predominantly affects children. However, it can persist in adulthood and/or start at older ages. Due to its chronic nature and frequently occurring relapses, AD has a substantial effect on patients' quality of life, often requiring long-term systemic treatment, especially in adult patients, who are more frequently refractory to adequate topical treatment with mid- to high-potent corticosteroids and/or calcineurin inhibitors. Therefore, treatment with systemic therapies is often needed to take control of the disease, prevent exacerbations and improve quality of life. However, data regarding systemic treatment effectiveness and long-term safety in adult patients with AD are insufficient. Indeed, standardized international guidelines are lacking, and the treatment approach widely differs among diverse countries. This review focuses on the use of systemic treatments in adult AD patients analyzing published literature.