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Sieminska J, Miniewska K, Mroz R, Sierko E, Naumnik W, Kisluk J, Michalska-Falkowska A, Reszec J, Kozlowski M, Nowicki L, Moniuszko M, Kretowski A, Niklinski J, Ciborowski M, Godzien J. First insight about the ability of specific glycerophospholipids to discriminate non-small cell lung cancer subtypes. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1379631. [PMID: 38725870 PMCID: PMC11079276 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1379631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Discrimination between adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) subtypes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is a significant challenge in oncology. Lipidomics analysis provides a promising approach for this differentiation. Methods: In an accompanying paper, we explored oxPCs levels in a cohort of 200 NSCLC patients. In this research, we utilized liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze the lipidomics profile of matching tissue and plasma samples from 25 NSCLC patients, comprising 11 ADC and 14 SCC cases. This study builds upon our previous findings, which highlighted the elevation of oxidised phosphatidylcholines (oxPCs) in NSCLC patients. Results: We identified eight lipid biomarkers that effectively differentiate between ADC and SCC subtypes using an untargeted approach. Notably, we observed a significant increase in plasma LPA 20:4, LPA 18:1, and LPA 18:2 levels in the ADC group compared to the SCC group. Conversely, tumour PC 16:0/18:2, PC 16:0/4:0; CHO, and plasma PC 16:0/18:2; OH, PC 18:0/20:4; OH, PC 16:0/20:4; OOH levels were significantly higher in the ADC group. Discussion: Our study is the first to report that plasma LPA levels can distinguish between ADC and SCC patients in NSCLC, suggesting a potential role for LPAs in NSCLC subtyping. This finding warrants further investigation into the mechanisms underlying these differences and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sieminska
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miniewska
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Mroz
- 2nd Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Sierko
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Naumnik
- 1st Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kisluk
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Reszec
- Department of Medical Patomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Kozlowski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Godzien
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Almalki WH. Beyond the genome: lncRNAs as regulators of the PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154852. [PMID: 37837857 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a prevalent and devastating disease, representing a significant global health burden. Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Lung cancer typically displays the deregulated activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway, which is vital for cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) can modulate the PI3K/AKT pathway, offering new insights into lung cancer biology and potential therapeutic opportunities. These lncRNA act as either oncogenes, promoting pathway activation, or tumour suppressors, attenuating pathway signalling. The dysregulation of lncRNA is associated with various cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle control, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis, ultimately influencing lung cancer growth and metastasis. The development of novel therapeutic strategies, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, holds promise for restoring lncRNAs dysregulation and re-establishing the equilibrium of the PI3K/AKT pathway. The emerging role of lncRNAs as regulators of the PI3K/AKT pathway sheds new light on the complex molecular landscape of lung cancer. Understanding the interplay between lncRNA and the PI3K/AKT pathway could lead to the identification of novel biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic targets for precision medicine. The potential of lncRNAs-based therapeutics may pave the way for more effective and personalized treatment approaches in lung cancer and potentially other malignancies with dysregulated PI3K/AKT signalling. This review aims to explore the emerging role of lncRNAs as key regulators of the PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Alimohammadi M, Gholinezhad Y, Mousavi V, Kahkesh S, Rezaee M, Yaghoobi A, Mafi A, Araghi M. Circular RNAs: novel actors of Wnt signaling pathway in lung cancer progression. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:645-669. [PMID: 37636026 PMCID: PMC10450211 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a class of regulatory RNA transcripts, which are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. CircRNA dysregulation has been shown to disrupt the interaction of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which regulates several biological processes involved in tumorigenesis, thereby contributing to the development and progression of cancer. Interactions of tumor-derived circRNAs with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway provide both clinical diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets. In this review, we outlined current evidence on the roles of circRNAs associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulating lung cancer formation and development. We believe that our findings will assist in the advancement or establishment of circRNA-based lung cancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Alimohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Gholinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Mousavi
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kahkesh
- Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yaghoobi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Araghi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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4
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Nounsi A, Seitlinger J, Ponté C, Demiselle J, Idoux-Gillet Y, Pencreach E, Beau-Faller M, Lindner V, Balloul JM, Quemeneur E, Burckel H, Noël G, Olland A, Fioretti F, Falcoz PE, Benkirane-Jessel N, Hua G. Patient-Derived Tumoroid for the Prediction of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Responses in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1824. [PMID: 37509464 PMCID: PMC10376341 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy and platinum-based chemotherapy are common treatments for lung cancer patients. Several factors are considered for the low overall survival rate of lung cancer, such as the patient's physical state and the complex heterogeneity of the tumor, which leads to resistance to the treatment. Consequently, precision medicines are needed for the patients to improve their survival and their quality of life. Until now, no patient-derived tumoroid model has been reported to predict the efficiency of radiation therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Using our patient-derived tumoroid model, we report that this model could be used to evaluate the efficiency of radiation therapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. In addition, these results can be correlated to clinical outcomes of patients, indicating that this patient-derived tumoroid model can predict the response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasse Nounsi
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), University of Strasbourg, 8 Rue de Ste. Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Seitlinger
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Charlotte Ponté
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Demiselle
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Medical Intensive Care, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ysia Idoux-Gillet
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), University of Strasbourg, 8 Rue de Ste. Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Erwan Pencreach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michèle Beau-Faller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Lindner
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Pathology, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marc Balloul
- Transgene SA, 400 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach-Parc d'Innovation-CS80166, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Eric Quemeneur
- Transgene SA, 400 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach-Parc d'Innovation-CS80166, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Hélène Burckel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), UNICANCER, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 17 Rue Albert Calmette, 67033 Strasbourg, France
- ICube Laboratory, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Georges Noël
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), UNICANCER, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 17 Rue Albert Calmette, 67033 Strasbourg, France
- ICube Laboratory, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Anne Olland
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Lung Transplantation Group, Thoracic Surgery Department, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florence Fioretti
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), University of Strasbourg, 8 Rue de Ste. Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Falcoz
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Lung Transplantation Group, Thoracic Surgery Department, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), University of Strasbourg, 8 Rue de Ste. Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), University of Strasbourg, 8 Rue de Ste. Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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5
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The Importance of the Immune System and Molecular Cell Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021506. [PMID: 36675020 PMCID: PMC9861992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease that in recent years has become one of the greatest threats to modern society. Every year there are more and more new cases and the percentage of deaths caused by this type of cancer increases. Despite many studies, scientists are still looking for answers regarding the mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system. The aim of this literature review was to present the importance of disorders of the immune system and the accompanying changes at the level of cell signaling in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The collected results showed that in the process of immunopathogenesis of almost all subtypes of lung cancer, changes in the tumor microenvironment, deregulation of immune checkpoints and abnormalities in cell signaling pathways are involved, which contribute to the multistage and multifaceted carcinogenesis of this type of cancer. We, therefore, suggest that in future studies, researchers should focus on a detailed analysis of tumor microenvironmental immune checkpoints, and to validate their validity, perform genetic polymorphism analyses in a wide range of patients and healthy individuals to determine the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer development. In addition, further research related to the analysis of the tumor microenvironment; immune system disorders, with a particular emphasis on immunological checkpoints and genetic differences may contribute to the development of new personalized therapies that improve the prognosis of patients.
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Lê H, Seitlinger J, Lindner V, Olland A, Falcoz PE, Benkirane-Jessel N, Quéméneur E. Patient-Derived Lung Tumoroids—An Emerging Technology in Drug Development and Precision Medicine. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071677. [PMID: 35884982 PMCID: PMC9312903 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic 3D multicellular systems derived from patient tumors, or tumoroids, have been developed to complete the cancer research arsenal and overcome the limits of current preclinical models. They aim to represent the molecular and structural heterogeneity of the tumor micro-environment, and its complex network of interactions, with greater accuracy. They are more predictive of clinical outcomes, of adverse events, and of resistance mechanisms. Thus, they increase the success rate of drug development, and help clinicians in their decision-making process. Lung cancer remains amongst the deadliest of diseases, and still requires intensive research. In this review, we analyze the merits and drawbacks of the current preclinical models used in lung cancer research, and the position of tumoroids. The introduction of immune cells and healthy regulatory cells in autologous tumoroid models has enabled their application to most recent therapeutic concepts. The possibility of deriving tumoroids from primary tumors within reasonable time has opened a direct approach to patient-specific features, supporting their future role in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lê
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, CRBS, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (H.L.); (J.S.); (V.L.); (A.O.); (P.-E.F.); (N.B.-J.)
- Transgène SA, 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Joseph Seitlinger
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, CRBS, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (H.L.); (J.S.); (V.L.); (A.O.); (P.-E.F.); (N.B.-J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hospital Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Lindner
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, CRBS, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (H.L.); (J.S.); (V.L.); (A.O.); (P.-E.F.); (N.B.-J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hospital Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Olland
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, CRBS, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (H.L.); (J.S.); (V.L.); (A.O.); (P.-E.F.); (N.B.-J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hospital Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Falcoz
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, CRBS, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (H.L.); (J.S.); (V.L.); (A.O.); (P.-E.F.); (N.B.-J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hospital Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, CRBS, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (H.L.); (J.S.); (V.L.); (A.O.); (P.-E.F.); (N.B.-J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hospital Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Quéméneur
- Transgène SA, 400 Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Correspondence:
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Md S, Alhakamy NA, Karim S, Gabr GA, Iqubal MK, Murshid SSA. Signaling Pathway Inhibitors, miRNA, and Nanocarrier-Based Pharmacotherapeutics for the Treatment of Lung Cancer: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2120. [PMID: 34959401 PMCID: PMC8708027 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and is responsible for a large number of deaths worldwide. The pathogenic mechanism of lung cancer is complex and multifactorial in origin. Thus, various signaling pathways as targets for therapy are being examined, and many new drugs are in the pipeline. However, both conventional and target-based drugs have been reported to present significant adverse effects, and both types of drugs can affect the clinical outcome in addition to patient quality of life. Recently, miRNA has been identified as a promising target for lung cancer treatment. Therefore, miRNA mimics, oncomiRs, or miRNA suppressors have been developed and studied for possible anticancer effects. However, these miRNAs also suffer from the limitations of low stability, biodegradation, thermal instability, and other issues. Thus, nanocarrier-based drug delivery for the chemotherapeutic drug delivery in addition to miRNA-based systems have been developed so that existing limitations can be resolved, and enhanced therapeutic outcomes can be achieved. Thus, this review discusses lung cancer's molecular mechanism, currently approved drugs, and their adverse effects. We also discuss miRNA biosynthesis and pathogenetic role, highlight pre-clinical and clinical evidence for use of miRNA in cancer therapy, and discussed limitations of this therapy. Furthermore, nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs and miRNAs are described in detail. In brief, the present review describes the mechanism and up-to-date possible therapeutic approaches for lung cancer treatment and emphasizes future prospects to bring these novel approaches from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Karim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gamal A Gabr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Satam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
- Sentiss Research Centre, Product Development Department, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd., Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Samar S. A. Murshid
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Mastoparan, a Peptide Toxin from Wasp Venom Conjugated Fluvastatin Nanocomplex for Suppression of Lung Cancer Cell Growth. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234225. [PMID: 34883728 PMCID: PMC8659920 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a very low survival rate, and non-small cell lung cancer comprises around 85% of all types of lung cancers. Fluvastatin (FLV) has demonstrated the apoptosis and suppression of tumor-cell proliferation against lung cancer cells in vitro. Drug–peptide nanoconjugates were found to enhance the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs. Thus, the present study aimed to develop a nanocomplex of FLV with mastoparan (MAS), which is a peptide that has membranolytic anti-tumor activity. The nanocomplex of FLV and MAS (MAS-FLV-NC) was prepared and optimized for particle size using Box–Behnken design. The amount of FLV had the highest influence on particle size. While higher levels of FLV and incubation time favored higher particle size, a higher level of sonication time reduced the particle size of MAS-FLV-NC. The optimum formula of MAS-FLV-NC used 1.00 mg of FLV and was prepared with an incubation time of 12.1339 min and a sonication time of 6 min. The resultant particle size was 77.648 nm. The in vitro cell line studies of MAS-FLV-NC, FLV, and MAS were carried out in A549 cells. The IC50 values of MAS-FLV-NC, FLV, and MAS were 18.6 ± 0.9, 58.4 ± 2.8, and 34.3 ± 1.6 µg/mL respectively, showing the enhanced cytotoxicity of MAS-FLV-NC. The apoptotic activity showed that MAS-FLV-NC produced a higher percentage of cells in the late phase, showing a higher apoptotic activity than FLV and MAS. Furthermore, cell cycle arrest in S and Pre G1 phases by MAS-FLV-NC was observed in the cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after MAS-FLV-NC treatment was significantly higher than those observed for FLV and MAS. The IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-kB expressions were inhibited, whereas TNF-α, caspase-3, and ROS expressions were enhanced by MAS-FLV-NC treatment. Furthermore, the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 strongly established the enhanced cytotoxic effect of MAS-FLV-NC. The results indicated that MAS-FLV-NC has better cytotoxicity than individual effects of MAS and FLV in A549 cells. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed for developing MAS-FLV-NC to a clinically successful therapeutic approach against lung cancer.
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Ambroxol Hydrochloride Loaded Gastro-Retentive Nanosuspension Gels Potentiate Anticancer Activity in Lung Cancer (A549) Cells. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040243. [PMID: 34940303 PMCID: PMC8700943 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop gastro-retentive sustained-release ambroxol (ABX) nanosuspensions utilizing ambroxol-kappa-carrageenan (ABX-CRGK) complexation formulations. The complex was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder x-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The prepared co-precipitate complex was used for the development of the sustained-release formulation to overcome the high metabolic and poor solubility problems associated with ABX. Furthermore, the co-precipitate complex was formulated as a suspension in an aqueous floating gel-forming vehicle of sodium alginate with chitosan, which might be beneficial for targeting the stomach as a good absorption site for ABX. The suspension exhibited rapid floating gel behaviour for more than 8 h, thus confirming the gastro-retentive effects. Particle size analysis revealed that the optimum nanosuspension (ABX-NS) had a mean particle size of 332.3 nm. Afterward, the ABX released by the nanoparticles would be distributed to the pulmonary tissue as previously described. Based on extensive pulmonary distribution, the developed nanosuspension-released ABX nanoparticles showed significant cytotoxic enhancement compared to free ABX in A549 lung cancer cells. However, a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) also occurred. The level of caspase-3 was the highest in the ABX-NS-released particle-treated samples, with a value of 416.6 ± 9.11 pg/mL. Meanwhile, the levels of nuclear factor kappa beta, interleukins 6 and 1 beta, and tumour necrosis alpha (NF-kB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, respectively) were lower for ABX-NS compared to free ABX (p < 0.05). In caspase-3, Bax, and p53, levels significantly increased in the presence of ABX-NS compared to free ABX. Overall, ABX-NS produced an enhancement of the anticancer effects of ABX on the A549 cells, and the developed sustained-release gel was successful in providing a gastro-retentive effect.
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Jin JO, Puranik N, Bui QT, Yadav D, Lee PCW. The Ubiquitin System: An Emerging Therapeutic Target for Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9629. [PMID: 34502538 PMCID: PMC8431782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin system, present in all eukaryotes, contributes to regulating multiple types of cellular protein processes such as cell signaling, cell cycle, and receptor trafficking, and it affects the immune response. In most types of cancer, unusual events in ubiquitin-mediated signaling pathway modulation can lead to a variety of clinical outcomes, including tumor formation and metastasis. Similarly, ubiquitination acts as a core component, which contributes to the alteration of cell signaling activity, dictating biosignal turnover and protein fates. As lung cancer acquires the most commonly mutated proteins, changes in the ubiquitination of the proteins contribute to the development of lung cancer. Various inhibitors targeting the ubiquitin system have been developed for clinical applications in lung cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the current research advances in therapeutics for lung cancer by targeting the ubiquitin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Nidhi Puranik
- Biological Sciences Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Quyen Thu Bui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea;
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Elkady MA, Doghish AS, Elshafei A, Elshafey MM. MicroRNA-567 inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in A549 NSCLC cells by regulating cyclin-dependent kinase 8. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2581-2590. [PMID: 33911969 PMCID: PMC8071907 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-567 (miR-567) plays a decisive role in cancers whereas its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unexplored. This study was therefore planned to explore the regulatory function of miR-567 in A549 NSCLC cells and investigate its possible molecular mechanism that may help in NSCLC treatment. In the current study, miR-567 expression was examined by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in different NSCLC cell lines in addition to normal cell line. A549 NSCLC cells were transfected by miR-567 mimic, miR-567 inhibitor, and negative control siRNA. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT and 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine assays. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were studied by flow cytometry. Bioinformatics analysis programs were used to expect the putative target of miR-567. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) gene at mRNA and protein levels were evaluated by using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Our results found that miR-567 expressions decreased in all the studied NSCLC cells as compared to the normal cell line. A549 cell proliferation was suppressed by miR-567 upregulation while cell apoptosis was promoted. Also, miR-567 upregulation induced cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 and S phases. CDK8 was expected as a target gene of miR-567. MiR-567 upregulation decreased CDK8 mRNA and protein expression while the downregulation of miR-567 increased CDK8 gene expression. These findings revealed that miR-567 may be a tumor suppressor in A549 NSCLC cells through regulating CDK8 gene expression and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Key Words
- 16HBE, Normal human bronchial epithelial cell line
- ATCC, American type culture collection
- Apoptosis
- BrdU, 5-bromo- 2′-deoxyuridine
- CDK8
- CDK8, Cyclin-dependent kinase 8
- Cell cycle
- Cell proliferation
- DAPI, 4′, 6-Diamidino-2 Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, Fluorescein isothiocyanate
- LC, Lung cancer
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- MiR or MiRNA, MicroRNA
- MiR-567
- NSCLC
- NSCLC, Non-small cell lung cancer
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PI, Propidium iodide
- PVDF, Poly-vinylidene fluoride
- RIPA, Radio immunoprecipitation assay
- cDNA, Complementary DNA
- h, Hour
- mRNA, Messenger RNA
- qRT-PCR, Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Elkady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshafei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Elshafey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt
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Umu SU, Langseth H, Keller A, Meese E, Helland Å, Lyle R, Rounge TB. A 10-year prediagnostic follow-up study shows that serum RNA signals are highly dynamic in lung carcinogenesis. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:235-247. [PMID: 31851411 PMCID: PMC6998662 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of lung cancer (LC) patients are diagnosed at a late stage, and survival is poor. Circulating RNA molecules are known to have a role in cancer; however, their involvement before diagnosis remains an open question. In this study, we investigated circulating RNA dynamics in prediagnostic LC samples, focusing on smokers, to identify if and when disease-related signals can be detected in serum. We sequenced small RNAs in 542 serum LC samples donated up to 10 years before diagnosis and 519 matched cancer-free controls coming from 905 individuals in the Janus Serum Bank. This sample size provided sufficient statistical power to independently analyze time to diagnosis, stage, and histology. The results showed dynamic changes in differentially expressed circulating RNAs specific to LC histology and stage. The greatest number of differentially expressed RNAs was identified around 7 years before diagnosis for early-stage LC and 1-4 years prior to diagnosis for locally advanced and advanced-stage LC, regardless of LC histology. Furthermore, NSCLC and SCLC histologies have distinct prediagnostic signals. The majority of differentially expressed RNAs were associated with cancer-related pathways. The dynamic RNA signals pinpointed different phases of tumor development over time. Stage-specific RNA profiles may be associated with tumor aggressiveness. Our results improve the molecular understanding of carcinogenesis. They indicate substantial opportunity for screening and improved treatment and will guide further research on early detection of LC. However, the dynamic nature of the RNA signals also suggests challenges for prediagnostic biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Uğur Umu
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
| | - Hilde Langseth
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
| | - Andreas Keller
- Department of Clinical BioinformaticsSaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesSchool of MedicineStanford UniversityCAUSA
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human GeneticsSaarland UniversityHomburgSaarGermany
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of OncologyOslo University HospitalNorway
- Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Robert Lyle
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesPharmaTox Strategic Research InitiativeSchool of PharmacyUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Trine B. Rounge
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
- Department of InformaticsUniversity of OsloNorway
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Ishola AA, La'ah AS, Le HD, Nguyen VQ, Yang YP, Chou SJ, Tai HY, Chien CS, Wang ML. Non-coding RNA and lung cancer progression. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:8-14. [PMID: 31770191 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a major killer disease globally. This situation is further supported by yearly increase in new LC cases and its poor 5-year survival which is less than 15%. Although a large percentage of LC cases have been attributed to smoking, a considerable amount of nonsmokers also develops this disease, thereby suggesting a genetic and/or epigenetic undertone to LC development. Several growth-related genes such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as tumor suppressor genes such as p53 have been implicated in LC pathogenesis and progression. Likewise, the genome only contains approximately 1% of coding regions. Hence, noncoding portion of the genome such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been studied and discovered to play a cogent role in LC pathogenesis. More precisely, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) have been studied for decades. Posttranscriptional gene modulation function of miRNAs is well established and characterized. Likewise, the antagonizing interaction between lncRNAs and miRNAs had also been proven to further control gene expression during healthy and disease conditions like LC. More recently, renewed attention toward circular RNAs [circular RNAs (circRNAs)] study showed that circRNAs can also sponge miRNAs to modulate gene expressions too. Hence, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs seem to function within a circuit to optimally determine which gene is needed to be upregulated or downregulated in biological system. Therefore, this review will discuss important ncRNAs, namely miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in LC progression. Paracrine effect of exosomal ncRNA will be also reviewed. In addition, the prospect of these ncRNAs in enhancing better LC treatment will be highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afeez Adekunle Ishola
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Anita Silas La'ah
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung Dinh Le
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Viet Quoc Nguyen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Yun Tai
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Datta S, Sinha D. EGCG maintained Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis and minimized etoposide resistance in lung cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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The novel PI3K inhibitor S1 synergizes with sorafenib in non-small cell lung cancer cells involving the Akt-S6 signaling. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:828-836. [PMID: 30456603 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Targeted therapy has been available as an additive strategy for NSCLC patients, but the inevitable resistance to mono-targeted agents has largely hampered its usage in the clinic. We have previously designed and synthesized a novel small molecule compound S1, 2-methoxy-3-phenylsulfonamino-5-(quinazolin-6-yl) benzamides and demonstrated its inhibition of PI3K and mTOR as well as the anti-tumor potential. In the present study, we have identified that S1 alone or combined with the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib can inhibit the in vitro cell proliferation of NSCLC cells (A549, NCI-H157 and 95D cells) and tumor growth in the A549 xenograft model. S1 alone produced inhibitory effects on the colony formation, cell migration and invasion and angiogenesis, with more pronounced inhibition when used with sorafenib. We further revealed that S1 mainly inhibited the Akt/S6 phosphorylation while sorafenib mostly decreased the phosphorylation of ERK. Together, the novel PI3K/mTOR inhibitor S1 per se exhibits strong anti-tumor effects in NSCLC cells and A549 xenograft, effects possibly via its inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and migration and angiogenesis. The combination of S1 and sorafenib exerts potentiated anti-tumor effects, in which the underlying mechanisms may involve their differential modulation of the phosphorylation of Akt and S6 in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascades and ERK phosphorylation in the Raf/MEK/ERK pathways. The combination of S1 and sorafenib could be used as an additive approach in treating NSCLC in the clinic.
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16
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Mendes F, Antunes C, Abrantes AM, Gonçalves AC, Nobre-Gois I, Sarmento AB, Botelho MF, Rosa MS. Lung cancer: the immune system and radiation. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 72:78-84. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2015.11666801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Mendes
- Biophysics Unit-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine
| | - C. Antunes
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School
| | - A. M. Abrantes
- Biophysics Unit-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine
| | - A. C. Gonçalves
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine
- Applied Molecular Biology and Clinical University of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - I. Nobre-Gois
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital and University Center of Coimbra
| | - A. B. Sarmento
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine
- Applied Molecular Biology and Clinical University of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - M. F. Botelho
- Biophysics Unit-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine
| | - M. S. Rosa
- Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Tseng HH, He B. Molecular markers as therapeutic targets in lung cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2013; 32:59-62. [PMID: 23369726 PMCID: PMC3845617 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.013.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is responsible for 29% of cancer deaths in the United States and has very low 5-year survival rates of approximately 11% in men and 15% in women. Although the early diagnosis of lung cancer may increase the survival rate with adequate treatment, advanced lung cancers are often metastasized and receive limited benefit from therapeutic regimens. As conventional treatments for lung cancer reach their limitations, researchers have attempted to discover novel drug therapies aimed at specific targets contributing to the progression of tumorigenesis. Recent advances in systems biology have enabled the molecular biology of lung carcinogenesis to be elucidated. Our understanding of the physiologic processes of tumor development provide a means to design more effective and specific drugs with less toxicity, thereby accelerating the delivery of new drug therapies to the patient's bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hui Tseng
- Thoracic Oncology Program. Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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18
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Zhang YN, Wu XY, Zhong N, Deng J, Zhang L, Chen W, Li X, Zhong CJ. Stimulatory effects of sorafenib on human non‑small cell lung cancer cells in vitro by regulating MAPK/ERK activation. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:365-9. [PMID: 24213303 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is an inhibitor of a number of intracellular signaling kinases with antiproliferative, anti‑angiogenic and pro‑apoptotic effects in tumor cells. Sorafenib has been used in the therapy of advanced renal cell carcinoma. In the present study, using two human non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)cell lines, A549 and NCI‑H1975, the effects of sorafenib on proliferation, apoptosis and intracellular signaling were systematically characterized. The results revealed that at a low concentration (5 µM) and early time point (6 h), sorafenib is capable of significantly stimulating proliferation of A549 cells, but not NCI‑H1975 cells. In addition, the comparison of the two cell lines revealed different cell cycle redistribution and apoptotic susceptibility to sorafenib at this concentration and time point. Western blot analysis revealed that sorafenib upregulated the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin‑dependent kinase 2 and downregulated the expression of BAX at this specific point. Furthermore, sorafenib was confirmed to regulate the expression of cyclin D1 and apoptosis‑associated proteins through the regulation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation in A549 cells. These findings suggest that, although sorafenib has the potential for use in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, this compound may also activate NSCLC cells at a specific time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
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APS8, a polymeric alkylpyridinium salt blocks α7 nAChR and induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2574-94. [PMID: 23880932 PMCID: PMC3736439 DOI: 10.3390/md11072574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring 3-alkylpyridinium polymers (poly-APS) from the marine sponge Reniera sarai, consisting of monomers containing polar pyridinium and nonpolar alkyl chain moieties, have been demonstrated to exert a wide range of biological activities, including a selective cytotoxicity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. APS8, an analog of poly-APS with defined alkyl chain length and molecular size, non-competitively inhibits α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) at nanomolar concentrations that are too low to be acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory or generally cytotoxic. In the present study we show that APS8 inhibits NSCLC tumor cell growth and activates apoptotic pathways. APS8 was not toxic for normal lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, in NSCLC cells, APS8 reduced the adverse anti-apoptotic, proliferative effects of nicotine. Our results suggest that APS8 or similar compounds might be considered as lead compounds to develop antitumor therapeutic agents for at least certain types of lung cancer.
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20
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Sun KK, Ji C, Li X, Zhang L, Deng J, Zhong N, Wu XY. Overexpression of high mobility group protein B1 correlates with the proliferation and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1678-82. [PMID: 23467607 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) plays an important role in a number of clinical conditions, such as autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Evidence suggests that HMGB1 is critical in the development and progression of numerous types of tumor. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for the HMGB1-mediated progression and metastasis of lung cancer have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of HMGB1 in lung adenocarcinoma and the mechanisms by which it contributes to carcinogenesis and metastasis. We demonstrated that there was an increase in the expression of HMGB1 in primary cancer tissues compared to the matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The expression levels of TOB1 in the normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line and 10 lung cancer cell lines were determined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The results revealed that HMGB1 expression increased in 8 cell lines compared with the HBE cell line. The A549 and NCI-H1975 cells were transfected with HMGB1 recombinant plasmid. We discovered that the overexpression of HMGB1 promoted cell growth and metastasis in the 2 cell lines. Further investigation revealed that exogenously expressed HMGB1 enhanced the activation of p38 and Erk1/2, in addition to the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. We propose that HMGB1 functions as a tumor promoter and that it regulates the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells by modulating the activation of the Erk1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Kang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Division, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, PR China
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Serracino HS, Franklin WA, Aisner DL. Molecular Pathology of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Surg Pathol Clin 2012; 5:903-18. [PMID: 26838508 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This review offers an overview of the molecular pathology of lung cancer, with a focus on analyses that are most commonly part of the current clinical testing paradigm. Molecular testing of lung cancer has proved integral to the success of new targeted therapies, and their use is now commonplace in treatment selection. Traditional pathologic evaluation, however, plays a major role in these advances and serves an equally critical role to aid in determining optimal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary S Serracino
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, Mail Stop B216, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wilbur A Franklin
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, Mail Stop B216, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dara L Aisner
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, Mail Stop B216, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Feng Y, Ma PC. MET targeted therapy for lung cancer: clinical development and future directions. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2012; 3:53-67. [PMID: 28210125 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
MET, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, has been identified as a novel promising target in various human malignancies, including lung cancer. Research studies have demonstrated that MET signaling plays important physiologic roles in embryogenesis and early development, whereas its deregulation from an otherwise quiescent signaling state in mature adult tissues can lead to upregulated cell proliferation, survival, scattering, motility and migration, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The MET pathway can be activated through ligand (hepatocyte growth factor, HGF) or MET receptor overexpression, genomic amplification, MET mutations, and alternative splicing. A number of novel therapeutic agents that target the MET/hepatocyte growth factor pathway have been tested in early-phase clinical studies with promising results. Phase III studies of MET targeting agents have recently been initiated. This paper will review the MET signaling pathway and biology in lung cancer, and the recent clinical development and advances of MET/hepatocyte growth factor targeting agents. Emphasis will be placed on discussing various unanswered issues and key strategies needed to optimize further clinical development of MET targeting personalized lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research; Solid Tumor Oncology
| | - Patrick C Ma
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research; Solid Tumor Oncology; Aerodigestive Oncology Translational Research, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
MET is a versatile receptor tyrosine kinase within the human kinome which is activated by its specific natural ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). MET signaling plays an important physiologic role in embryogenesis and early development, whereas its deregulation from an otherwise quiescent signaling state in mature adult tissues can lead to upregulated cell proliferation, survival, scattering, motility and migration, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Studies have shown that MET pathway is activated in many solid and hematological malignancies, including lung cancer, and can be altered through ligand or receptor overexpression, genomic amplification, MET mutations, and alternative splicing. The MET signaling pathway is known to be an important novel target for therapeutic intervention in human cancer. A number of novel therapeutic agents that target the MET/HGF pathway have been tested in early-phase clinical studies with promising results. Phase 3 studies of MET targeting agents have just been initiated. We will review the MET signaling pathway and biology in lung cancer and the recent clinical development and advances of MET/HGF targeting agents with emphasis on discussion of issues and strategies needed to optimize the personalized therapy and further clinical development.
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Larsen JE, Cascone T, Gerber DE, Heymach JV, Minna JD. Targeted therapies for lung cancer: clinical experience and novel agents. Cancer J 2011; 17:512-27. [PMID: 22157296 PMCID: PMC3381956 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0b013e31823e701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although lung cancer remains the leading cancer killer in the United States, recently a number of developments indicate future clinical benefit. These include evidence that computed tomography-based screening decreases lung cancer mortality, the use of stereotactic radiation for early-stage tumors, the development of molecular methods to predict chemotherapy sensitivity, and genome-wide expression and mutation analysis data that have uncovered oncogene "addictions" as important therapeutic targets. Perhaps the most significant advance in the treatment of this challenging disease is the introduction of molecularly targeted therapies, a term that currently includes monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The development of effective targeted therapeutics requires knowledge of the genes and pathways involved and how they relate to the biologic behavior of lung cancer. Drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, and vascular endothelial growth factor are now U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. These agents are generally better tolerated than conventional chemotherapy and show dramatic efficacy when their use is coupled with a clear understanding of clinical data, mechanism, patient selection, drug interactions, and toxicities. Integrating genome-wide tumor analysis with drug- and targeted agent-responsive phenotypes will provide a wealth of new possibilities for lung cancer-targeted therapeutics. Ongoing research efforts in these areas as well as a discussion of emerging targeted agents being evaluated in clinical trials are the subjects of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Larsen
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - David E. Gerber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - John V. Heymach
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - John D. Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lung being one of the vital and essential organs in the body, lung cancer is a major cause of mortality in the modern human society. Lung cancer can be broadly subdivided into nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Although NSCLC is sometimes treated with surgery, the advanced and metastatic NSCLC and SCLC usually respond better to chemotherapy and radiation. The most important targets of these chemotherapeutic agents are various intracellular signaling molecules. The primary focus of this review article is to summarize the description of various cell signaling molecules involved in lung cancer development and their regulation by chemotherapeutic agents. RECENT FINDINGS Extensive research work in recent years has identified several cellular signaling molecules that may be intricately involved in the complexity of lung cancer. Some of these cell signaling molecules are epidermal growth factor receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, matrix metalloproteinases and receptor for advanced glycation end-products. SUMMARY The present review will strengthen our current knowledge regarding the efficacy of the above-mentioned cell signaling molecules as potential beneficial drug targets against lung cancer.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e328348331c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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