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Moore JM, Salmons H, Vinoskey C, Hooshmand S, Kressler J. One minute of stair climbing and descending reduces postprandial insulin and glucose with 3-min improving insulin resistance following a mixed meal in young adults: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:266-270. [PMID: 38572086 PMCID: PMC10987319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glycemic markers, including postprandial glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance, are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality in individuals with and without diabetes. Stair-climbing and -descending (SCD) at a comfortable pace for 3 minutes after a sugary beverage (300 kilocalories; 100% carbohydrate) lowers insulin, with insulin sensitivity improving in 10 minutes. If similar benefits are seen following consumption of a mixed meal is unknown. We hypothesize SCD will improve these markers in a dose-response manner following a mixed meal. Methods In a randomized, controlled, crossover trial, young adults (N = 31) performed SCD for 0 (seated control), 1, 3, and 10 minutes after a mixed meal (650 kilocalories; 53% carbohydrates, 33% fat, and 14% protein). Differences in glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity (ISI) from baseline to 30 min were analyzed using a mixed-effects ANOVA. Results A significant fixed-effect was found for change in glucose [F(2.551,67.17) = 4.724,p = 0.007)], insulin [F(2.692,74.49) = 11.28,p < 0.001)], and ISI [F(2.127,56.00) = 5.848,p = 0.004)]. Compared to the seated control (0 minutes), changes in glucose were lower after 1 minute (-14.0 (-7.2)mg/dL,p < 0.001), 3 minutes (-18.4 (-7.0)mg/dL,p = 0.0007), and 10 minutes (-10.0 (-8.1)mg/dL,p = 0.039); changes in insulin were lower after 1 minute (-1.8 (-0.9)μIU/mL,p = 0.0011), 3 minutes (-2.8 (-0.9)μIU/mL,p < 0.001), and 10 minutes (-1.1 (-0.9)μIU/mL,p = 0.033); and changes in ISI were significantly higher after 3 minutes (2.4 (1.5),p < 0.001) and 10 minutes (1.3 (1.6),p = 0.014) but not 1 minute (1.2 (1.5),p = 0.059). Conclusion Postprandial glucose and insulin improved with 1 minute, and insulin resistance improved with 3 minutes, of SCD at a self-selected, comfortable pace, after consumption of a mixed meal in apparently healthy young adults. Protocol Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04232475.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. Moore
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Hannah Salmons
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Cameron Vinoskey
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Jochen Kressler
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
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Hong JY, Li YJ, Metcalfe RS, Chen YC. Effects of acute and chronic stair-climbing exercise on metabolic health: A systematic review. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:498-510. [PMID: 38695325 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2345414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Stair climbing exercise (SE) provides a feasible approach to elevate physical activity, but the effects on metabolic health are unclear. We systematically reviewed the currently available evidence on the effects of SE on fasting and postprandial glycaemia and lipidaemia. Studies were included if they investigated the effects of acute or chronic (at least 2 weeks) SE on fasting and/or postprandial glycaemic (insulin and glucose) and lipidaemic (triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids) responses in healthy, prediabetic or type 2 diabetic adult populations. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for eligible studies until July 2022. A total of 25 studies (14 acute and 11 chronic) were eligible for review. Acute bout(s) of SE can reduce postprandial glycaemia in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (8 of 9 studies), but not in normoglycemic individuals. The effects of acute SE on postprandial lipidaemic responses and SE training on both fasting and postprandial glycaemia/lipidaemia were unclear. Acute SE may reduce postprandial glucose concentrations in people with impaired glycaemic control, but high-quality studies are needed. More studies are needed to determine the effect of chronic SE training on postprandial glucose and lipid responses, and the acute effects of SE on lipid responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Hong
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jui Li
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yun JE, Wen X, Han M, Cho S, L J, Kuk, Lee S. Effect of Short Bouts of Vigorous Stair Climbing on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Women with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Feasibility Study. J Obes Metab Syndr 2023; 32:346-352. [PMID: 37952934 PMCID: PMC10786206 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the effect of 4 weeks of a brief vigorous stair climbing exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition in women with overweight or obesity. Methods Twenty-six participants (age, 25.4±4.9 years; body mass index [BMI], 25.3±1.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either a stair climbing exercise group (n=13) or a non-exercising control group (n=13). The stair climbing exercise group performed 20 sessions (supervised, five sessions/week over 4 weeks) of brief intermittent stair climbing exercise consisting of a 3-minute warm-up followed by three bouts of 20 seconds of stair climbing (≥80% of age-predicted maximum heart rate) interspersed with 2-minute recovery periods (total exercise duration=10 minutes/session). Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured using a graded maximal treadmill test with the use of a standard open-circuit spirometry technique. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results All participants, except one who dropped out due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, completed the study with 100% attendance rates. There were significant interaction effects (group×time) on body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and CRF such that the stair climbing exercise group had significant (P≤0.01) reductions in body weight (66.5±4.6 to 65.2±4.6 kg), BMI (24.8±1.2 to 24.4±1.1 kg/m2), and waist circumference (78.0±3.7 to 76.5±4.1 cm) and improvements in VO2peak (31.6±2.5 to 34.9±2.6 mL/kg/min) compared with controls. Conclusion Short bouts of vigorous stair climbing is a feasible and time-efficient exercise strategy for improving CRF in previously sedentary, young women with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Yun
- Division of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Obesity and Physical Activity Research Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Xiaolin Wen
- Division of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Obesity and Physical Activity Research Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Minsub Han
- Division of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Obesity and Physical Activity Research Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Serim Cho
- Division of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Obesity and Physical Activity Research Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jennifer L
- Division of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Kuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - SoJung Lee
- Division of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Obesity and Physical Activity Research Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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4
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Mat Azmi ISM, Wallis GA, White MJ, Puig-Ribera A, Eves FF. Desk based prompts to replace workplace sitting with stair climbing; a pilot study of acceptability, effects on behaviour and disease risk factors. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1985. [PMID: 36316656 PMCID: PMC9620615 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged sitting is associated with increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Occupational sitting accounts for up to 50 h/week for employees. This pilot study assessed the acceptability of stair climbing as an interruption to sitting throughout working hours, and provided preliminary data of the effects on glucose and lipid profiles. Methods A quasi-experimental design was conducted involving 16 sedentary office workers (five females and 11 males) for intervention (n = 8) and control groups (n = 8) with mean age of 36.38 (5.58). For the eight-week intervention, a continuous four-floor stair climb and descent was performed eight times/day spread evenly over the working day. A prompt to climb was presented on the participant’s computer eight times/day. Participants in the experimental group recorded daily floors climbed and steps (measured using pedometers) in a weekly log sheet. Blood samples were collected pre and post intervention to test effects on fasting glucose and 2 h plasma glucose, triglycerides, and total (TC), LDL and HDL cholesterol. Experimental participants were interviewed at the end of the study. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the median changes (pre-post) of the dependent variables. Results On average, the experimental group climbed 121 floors/week when prompted. There were significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, TC and LDL, as well as the derived measures of ‘bad’ cholesterol and the TC/HDL ratio in the experimental group. Post-experimental interviews indicated that the interruption to sitting was well tolerated. Conclusion Prompted stair climbing activity had impacts on health outcomes and was found acceptable to employees at work. Trial registration Ethics for this study was approved by Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Ethical Review Committee, University of Birmingham with ethics reference number ERN_15_0491. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14393-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Suhana Munira Mat Azmi
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK ,grid.449643.80000 0000 9358 3479Community Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Gareth A. Wallis
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mike J. White
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anna Puig-Ribera
- grid.440820.aCentre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank F. Eves
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK ,grid.440820.aCentre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Kelechi TJ, Hernandez-Tejada MA, Balasubramanian S, Bian J, Madisetti M, Nagel A. Addressing Physical, Functional, and Physiological Outcomes in Older Adults using an Integrated mHealth Intervention "Active for Life": A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND HEALTH CARE RESEARCH 2022; 5:1285. [PMID: 36189445 PMCID: PMC9523685 DOI: 10.29011/2688-9501.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective We evaluated components of an integrated, mobile health-based intervention "Activate for Life" (AFL) on health outcomes in lower-income older adults (≥ 60 years). Methods AFL incorporates balance (Otago; OG), physical strength (Gentle Yoga and yogic Breathing; GYYB), and mental engagement (Behavioral Activation; BA) components. Thirty participants were randomly allocated to one of three study arms (n=10): OG (Arm 1), OG+GYYB (Arm 2), or OG+GYYB+BA (Arm 3; a.k.a. "full AFL"). Participants were evaluated for physical, functional, and physiological endpoints at baseline and post-intervention (12-weeks and/or 3-month follow up). Results Improvements in pain interference and 1,5- anhydroglucitol biomarker levels over time were noted for all arms. No significant changes were observed for other physical, functional, or physiological measures. Discussion This study illustrates potential benefits of the AFL intervention on the health of lower-income older adults. Lessons learned from this pilot trial will inform design improvements for a large-scale randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J Kelechi
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Melba A Hernandez-Tejada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sundaravadivel Balasubramanian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - John Bian
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Moby Madisetti
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexis Nagel
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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6
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Kanaley JA, Colberg SR, Corcoran MH, Malin SK, Rodriguez NR, Crespo CJ, Kirwan JP, Zierath JR. Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:353-368. [PMID: 35029593 PMCID: PMC8802999 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This consensus statement is an update of the 2010 American College of Sports Medicine position stand on exercise and type 2 diabetes. Since then, a substantial amount of research on select topics in exercise in individuals of various ages with type 2 diabetes has been published while diabetes prevalence has continued to expand worldwide. This consensus statement provides a brief summary of the current evidence and extends and updates the prior recommendations. The document has been expanded to include physical activity, a broader, more comprehensive definition of human movement than planned exercise, and reducing sedentary time. Various types of physical activity enhance health and glycemic management in people with type 2 diabetes, including flexibility and balance exercise, and the importance of each recommended type or mode are discussed. In general, the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans apply to all individuals with type 2 diabetes, with a few exceptions and modifications. People with type 2 diabetes should engage in physical activity regularly and be encouraged to reduce sedentary time and break up sitting time with frequent activity breaks. Any activities undertaken with acute and chronic health complications related to diabetes may require accommodations to ensure safe and effective participation. Other topics addressed are exercise timing to maximize its glucose-lowering effects and barriers to and inequities in physical activity adoption and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Sheri R Colberg
- Human Movement Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | | | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Nancy R Rodriguez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Carlos J Crespo
- Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR
| | - John P Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SWEDEN
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7
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Remchak MME, Piersol KL, Bhatti S, Spaeth AM, Buckman JF, Malin SK. Considerations for Maximizing the Exercise "Drug" to Combat Insulin Resistance: Role of Nutrition, Sleep, and Alcohol. Nutrients 2021; 13:1708. [PMID: 34069950 PMCID: PMC8157556 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a key etiological factor in promoting not only type 2 diabetes mellitus but also cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise is a first-line therapy for combating chronic disease by improving insulin action through, in part, reducing hepatic glucose production and lipolysis as well as increasing skeletal muscle glucose uptake and vasodilation. Just like a pharmaceutical agent, exercise can be viewed as a "drug" such that identifying an optimal prescription requires a determination of mode, intensity, and timing as well as consideration of how much exercise is done relative to sitting for prolonged periods (e.g., desk job at work). Furthermore, proximal nutrition (nutrient timing, carbohydrate intake, etc.), sleep (or lack thereof), as well as alcohol consumption are likely important considerations for enhancing adaptations to exercise. Thus, identifying the maximal exercise "drug" for reducing insulin resistance will require a multi-health behavior approach to optimize type 2 diabetes and CVD care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Margaret E. Remchak
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.-M.E.R.); (K.L.P.); (A.M.S.); (J.F.B.)
| | - Kelsey L. Piersol
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.-M.E.R.); (K.L.P.); (A.M.S.); (J.F.B.)
| | - Sabha Bhatti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Andrea M. Spaeth
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.-M.E.R.); (K.L.P.); (A.M.S.); (J.F.B.)
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.-M.E.R.); (K.L.P.); (A.M.S.); (J.F.B.)
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.-M.E.R.); (K.L.P.); (A.M.S.); (J.F.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Home-Based Stair Climbing as an Intervention for Disease Risk in Adult Females; A Controlled Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020603. [PMID: 33445686 PMCID: PMC7828146 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome are major contributors to health care expenditure. Increased physical activity reduces disease risk. The study compared effects of walking up and down stairs at home with continuous, gym-based stair climbing on the disease risk factors of aerobic fitness, serum lipids, body composition, fasting blood glucose, and resting cardiovascular variables. Sedentary women (31.7 ± 1.4 years) were randomly assigned to home-based (n = 26) or gym-based (n = 24) climbing for five days.week−1 over an eight-week period. Each ascent required a 32.8-m climb, with home-based climbing matching the vertical displacement in the gym. Participants progressed from two ascents.day−1 to five ascents.day−1 in weeks 7 and 8. Relative to controls, stair climbing improved aerobic fitness (V˙O2max +1.63 mL.min−1.kg−1, 95% CI = 1.21–2.05), body composition (weight −0.99 kg, 95% CI = 1.38–0.60), and serum lipids (LDL cholesterol −0.20 mmol.L−1, 95% CI = 0.09–0.31; triglycerides −0.21 mmol.L−1, 95% CI = 0.15–0.27), with similar risk reductions for home and gym-based groups. Only the home-based protocol reduced fasting blood glucose. Discussion focuses on stair climbing bouts as time-efficient exercise and the potential benefits of a home-based intervention. Stair use at home offers a low-cost intervention for disease risk reduction to public health.
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Bartholomae E, Johnson Z, Moore J, Ward K, Kressler J. Reducing Glycemic Indicators with Moderate Intensity Stepping of Varied, Short Durations in People with Pre-Diabetes. J Sports Sci Med 2018; 17:680-685. [PMID: 30479538 PMCID: PMC6243616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigate the effects of short duration stair climbing/descending at a self-selected pace on post-prandial glucose responses in adults. Thirty participants (10 female) completed 4 oral glucose tolerance tests on separate days. Following glucose consumption, participants underwent seated rest (control) or walked up/down 21 stairs at a self-selected comfortable pace for 10, 3, and 1min in randomized order. Blood glucose was measured by capillary sampling from finger sticks every 15min until values for all trials converged. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated by trapezoidal rule. In addition, cardiometabolic measurements were taken during stair exercise with a mobile metabolic cart. Results are presented as mean (SD) unless stated otherwise. All stair-climbing trials reduced peak (30min) postprandial blood glucose levels compared to the control [(1 min = 12(31), p = 0.026; 3 min = -15(25), p = 0.003; 10 min = 35(32) mg/dL, p < 0.001]. At 45min, there were significant reductions only for the 3 and 10 min trials [13(29) and 23(31) mg/dL, p = 0.023 and < 0.001 respectively], but not the 1 min trial [6(33) mg/dL, p = 0.317]. There were significant differences in AUC compared to the control only for the 3 and 10min trials [502 (1141) and 866 (1123) mg/dL·min-1, p = 0.023 and < 0.000] but not for the 1min trial [353 (1265) mg/dL·min-1, p = 0.110]. Median (interquartile range) RPEs reported for the 1, 3, and 10min trials were 1.0 (1.5), 2.0(2), and 3.0 (2.0) respectively, while VO2 was n/a, 54(12), and 59(13)% of peak, respectively. Total metabolic cost was 1.4 (0.5), 4.0 (1.0), and 11.9 (2.1) L O2, respectively. A single 1min bout of low-moderate intensity stair stepping can significantly lower peak glucose concentration, with longer bouts being more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bartholomae
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University. San Diego, CA, USA
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University. Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Zachary Johnson
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University. San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery Moore
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University. San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Ward
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University. San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jochen Kressler
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University. San Diego, CA, USA
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10
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Solomon TPJ, Eves FF, Laye MJ. Targeting Postprandial Hyperglycemia With Physical Activity May Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. But What Should We Do, and When Is the Right Time to Move? Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:99. [PMID: 30073171 PMCID: PMC6058032 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and excessive postprandial hyperglycemia are two major independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular-related mortality. Current health policy guidelines recommend at least 150 min of physical activity per week coupled with reduced daily sedentary behavior by interrupting prolonged sitting with bouts of light activity every 30-min. This evidence-based strategy promotes health and quality of life. Since modern lifestyle enforces physical inactivity through motorized transportation and seated office working environments, this review examines the practical strategies (standing, walking, stair climbing, and strength-based circuit exercises) for reducing sitting time and increasing activity during the workday. Furthermore, since postprandial hyperglycemia poses the greatest relative risk for developing type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications, this review examines a novel hypothesis that interrupting sitting time would be best focused on the postprandial period in order to optimize blood glucose control and maximize cardiometabolic health. In doing so, we aim to identify the science gaps which urgently need filling if we are to optimize healthcare policy in this critical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P J Solomon
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.,Institute of Systems and Metabolism Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Frank F Eves
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Laye
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Idaho, Caldwell, ID, United States
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11
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Abe K, Misaka T. Food functionality research as a new national project in special reference to improvement of cognitive and locomotive abilities. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:573-583. [PMID: 29316856 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1412249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, where a super-aging society is realized, we are most concerned about healthy longevity, which would ascertain the wellness of people by improving their quality of life (QOL). In 2014, the Cabinet Office proposed a strategic innovation promotion programme, launching a national project for the development of the agricultural-forestry-fisheries food products with new functionalities for the next generation. In addition to focusing on a conventional prevention of lifestyle-associated metabolic syndromes, the project targets the scientific evidence of the activation of brain cognitive ability and the improvement of bodily locomotive function. The project also involves the analysis of the foods-sports interrelation of chronic importance, and the development of devices for the verification of QOL-associated maintenance of homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of these studies, with special reference to cognition as a case of the gut-brain axis which the author is particularly interested in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Abe
- a Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,b Group for Food Functionality Assessment , Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC) , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Takumi Misaka
- a Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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Takaishi T, Hayashi T. Stair ascending-descending exercise accelerates the decrease in postprandial hyperglycemia more efficiently than bicycle exercise. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2017; 5:e000428. [PMID: 29071088 PMCID: PMC5640078 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stair climbing-descending exercise (ST-EX) is a convenient method to increase exercise intensity. We compared the acute effect of ST-EX on lowering postprandial hyperglycemia with that of constant bicycle exercise (BI-EX) performed at the same heart rate (HR). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seven people with type 2 diabetes and seven with impaired glucose tolerance volunteered for this study. The step rate for ST-EX and work rate for BI-EX were individually determined to correspond to high-moderate to low-vigorous intensity (HR ~130 beats per minute). For the ST-EX trial, the subjects performed 16 repetitions of walking down one flight of stairs followed by climbing up to the starting point (~8 min in duration) 90 min after consuming a test meal. For the BI-EX trial, the subjects performed a constant pedaling exercise for the same duration at the same time after the meal. RESULTS The reduction in blood glucose (BG) level between 90 and 105 min after a meal was significantly greater for ST-EX (-4.0±0.7mmol/L) than for BI-EX (-2.7±0.9mmol/L). The net reduction in BG between 90 and 105 min was also significantly greater for ST-EX (-3.2±0.7mmol/L) than for BI-EX (-2.0±0.6mmol/L). Serum insulin levels did not differ between the groups. Oxygen consumption for ST-EX was higher than that for BI-EX, but the blood lactate level and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) for ST-EX were lower than those for BI-EX. CONCLUSIONS Compared with BI-EX performed at the same HR, ST-EX more rapidly decreased postprandial BG level with lower blood lactate and RER responses. A short bout of ST-EX may be clinically useful to acutely ameliorate BG levels after meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Takaishi
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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