1
|
Kujovic M, Lipka T, Zalman M, Baumann L, Jänner M, Baumann B. Treatment of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea counteracts cognitive decline in common neurocognitive disorders in diagnosis-related patterns. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7556. [PMID: 37160982 PMCID: PMC10169815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of arterial hypertension (AH) and of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on cognitive course in the neurocognitive disorder (NCD) cohort RIFADE which enrolled patients with NCD due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular NCD (vNCD), and mixed NCD (AD + vNCD = mNCD). Multiple risk factors (RF), including AH and OSA, that contribute to the development of various kinds of dementia have been identified in previous studies. Studies that observed AH lacked investigation of long-term effects and did not isolate it from other RF. Studies involving OSA as a risk factor did not include participants with all stages of NCD. 126 subjects were screened for AH and OSA. Repeated cognitive measurements were performed with the DemTect as primary outcome and the clock drawing test as secondary outcome measure. 90 patients had AH (71.4%) and 40 patients had OSA (31.7%). RF-status had a significant effect on cognitive outcome in models with RF as single factors (AH p = 0.027, OSA p < 0.001), a 2-factor analysis with AH × OSA (AH as main factor p = 0.027) as well as a model including the 3 factors AH × OSA × diagnosis (p = 0.038). Similarly, a 3-factor model was significant for the clock-drawing test, whereas single factor-models remained insignificant. AH and OSA appear to be risk factors in common NCD and cognitive decline can be mitigated by treatment of these RF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milenko Kujovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tim Lipka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark Zalman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie Baumann
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital of Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Michaela Jänner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bruno Baumann
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital of Münster, Munster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Caramelli P, Marinho V, Laks J, Coletta MVD, Stella F, Camargos EF, Smid J, Barbosa BJAP, Schilling LP, Balthazar MLF, Frota NAF, Souza LCD, Vale FAC, Chaves MLF, Brucki SMD, Nitrini R, Durgante HB, Bertolucci PHF. Treatment of dementia: recommendations of the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology. Dement Neuropsychol 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-s106en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is currently no cure for neurodegenerative or vascular dementias, but some pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions may contribute to alleviate symptoms, slow disease progression and improve quality of life. Current treatment approaches are based on etiology, symptom profile and stage of dementia. This manuscript presents recommendations on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease, vascular cognitive impairment, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerson Laks
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Florindo Stella
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | - Breno José Alencar Pires Barbosa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil; Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Brasil
| | - Lucas Porcello Schilling
- Pontifícia Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Pontifícia Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Pontifícia Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caramelli P, Marinho V, Laks J, Coletta MVD, Stella F, Camargos EF, Smid J, Barbosa BJAP, Schilling LP, Balthazar MLF, Frota NAF, Souza LCD, Vale FAC, Chaves MLF, Brucki SMD, Nitrini R, Durgante HB, Bertolucci PHF. Tratamento da demência: recomendações do Departamento Científico de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Envelhecimento da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. Dement Neuropsychol 2022; 16:88-100. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-s106pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Atualmente não há tratamento curativo para as demências neurodegenerativas ou para a demência vascular, mas algumas intervenções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas podem contribuir para aliviar os sintomas, retardar a progressão da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida. As abordagens terapêuticas atuais são baseadas na etiologia, no perfil dos sintomas e no estágio da demência. Neste artigo apresentamos recomendações sobre os tratamentos farmacológicos e não farmacológicos da demência devida à doença de Alzheimer, comprometimento cognitivo vascular, demência frontotemporal, demência da doença de Parkinson e demência com corpos de Lewy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerson Laks
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Florindo Stella
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | - Breno José Alencar Pires Barbosa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil; Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Brasil
| | - Lucas Porcello Schilling
- Pontifícia Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Pontifícia Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Pontifícia Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bock M, Katz M, Sillau S, Adjepong K, Yaffe K, Ayele R, Macchi ZA, Pantilat S, Miyasaki JM, Kluger B. What's in the Sauce? The Specific Benefits of Palliative Care for Parkinson's Disease. J Pain Symptom Manage 2022; 63:1031-1040. [PMID: 35114353 PMCID: PMC9395211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Increasing evidence demonstrates the benefits of palliative care among individuals with Parkinson's disease and related disorders (PDRD), but the critical components that contribute to therapeutic effects are not well understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the specific items most responsive to a palliative care intervention in PDRD and identify key correlates of improvement in patient and care partner outcomes. METHODS The main trial was a pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial of outpatient integrated palliative care compared to standard care among participants with PDRD (NCT02533921), showing significantly higher patient QOL at six months and lower care partner burden at 12 months. We used longitudinal regression models to analyze changes in subdomains of patient QOL and care partner burden and Spearman correlations to evaluate key correlates of change scores in patient and care partner outcomes. We performed a secondary analysis of data from 210 patients and 175 care partners. RESULTS Compared to controls, patients in the intervention reported greater improvement in perceptions of the "self as a whole" at six months (coeff = 0.22, P < 0.05) and care partners reported greater reduction in stress, anger, and loss of control at 12 months (coeff = -.40, -0.25, -0.31, P < 0.05). Positive change in numerous patient non-motor symptoms and grief correlated with improved patient QOL, reduced patient anxiety, and increased care partner spirituality. Alleviation of care partner anxiety and depression correlated with reduced care partner burden. CONCLUSION Specific benefits of an integrated palliative approach in PDRD include improvement in patient holistic self-impressions, care partner self-efficacy, and non-motor symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Bock
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Maya Katz
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Stefan Sillau
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
| | - Kwame Adjepong
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roman Ayele
- Department of Health Systems, Management and Policy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zachary A Macchi
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven Pantilat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Palliative Medicine at University of California, San Francisco California, USA
| | - Janis M Miyasaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Benzi Kluger
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Division of Palliative Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, New Year, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kluger BM, Miyasaki J, Katz M, Galifianakis N, Hall K, Pantilat S, Khan R, Friedman C, Cernik W, Goto Y, Long J, Fairclough D, Sillau S, Kutner JS. Comparison of Integrated Outpatient Palliative Care With Standard Care in Patients With Parkinson Disease and Related Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2021; 77:551-560. [PMID: 32040141 PMCID: PMC7042842 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Importance Parkinson disease and related disorders (PDRD) have consequences for quality of life (QoL) and are the 14th leading cause of death in the United States. Despite growing interest in palliative care (PC) for persons with PDRD, few studies are available supporting its effectiveness. Objective To determine if outpatient PC is associated with improvements in patient-centered outcomes compared with standard care among patients with PDRD and their caregivers. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial enrolled participants at 3 academic tertiary care centers between November 1, 2015, and September 30, 2017, and followed them up for 1 year. A total of 584 persons with PDRD were referred to the study. Of those, 351 persons were excluded by phone and 23 were excluded during in-person screenings. Patients were eligible to participate if they had PDRD and moderate to high PC needs. Patients were excluded if they had urgent PC needs, another diagnosis meriting PC, were already receiving PC, or were unable or unwilling to follow the study protocol. Enrolled participants were assigned to receive standard care plus outpatient integrated PC or standard care alone. Data were analyzed between November 1, 2018, and December 9, 2019. Interventions Outpatient integrated PC administered by a neurologist, social worker, chaplain, and nurse using PC checklists, with guidance and selective involvement from a palliative medicine specialist. Standard care was provided by a neurologist and a primary care practitioner. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were the differences in patient quality of life (QoL; measured by the Quality of Life in Alzheimer Disease scale) and caregiver burden (measured by the Zarit Burden Interview) between the PC intervention and standard care groups at 6 months. Results A total of 210 patients with PDRD (135 men [64.3%]; mean [SD] age, 70.1 [8.2] years) and 175 caregivers (128 women [73.1%]; mean [SD] age, 66.1 [11.1] years) were enrolled in the study; 193 participants (91.9%) were white and non-Hispanic. Compared with participants receiving standard care alone at 6 months, participants receiving the PC intervention had better QoL (mean [SD], 0.66 [5.5] improvement vs 0.84 [4.2] worsening; treatment effect estimate, 1.87; 95% CI, 0.47-3.27; P = .009). No significant difference was observed in caregiver burden (mean [SD], 2.3 [5.0] improvement vs 1.2 [5.6] improvement in the standard care group; treatment effect estimate, -1.62; 95% CI, -3.32 to 0.09; P = .06). Other significant differences favoring the PC intervention included nonmotor symptom burden, motor symptom severity, completion of advance directives, caregiver anxiety, and caregiver burden at 12 months. No outcomes favored standard care alone. Secondary analyses suggested that benefits were greater for persons with higher PC needs. Conclusions and Relevance Outpatient PC is associated with benefits among patients with PDRD compared with standard care alone. This study supports efforts to integrate PC into PDRD care. The lack of diversity and implementation of PC at experienced centers suggests a need for implementation research in other populations and care settings. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02533921.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benzi M Kluger
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora.,Now with Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Janis Miyasaki
- Department of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maya Katz
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | | | - Kirk Hall
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - Steven Pantilat
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Ryan Khan
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - Cari Friedman
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - Wendy Cernik
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - Yuika Goto
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Judith Long
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Diane Fairclough
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - Stefan Sillau
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - Jean S Kutner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lebouvier T, Chen Y, Duriez P, Pasquier F, Bordet R. Antihypertensive agents in Alzheimer's disease: beyond vascular protection. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 20:175-187. [PMID: 31869274 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1708195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Midlife hypertension has been consistently linked with increased risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Observational studies and randomized trials show that the use of antihypertensive therapy is associated with a lesser incidence or prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia. However, whether antihypertensive agents specifically target the pathological process of AD remains elusive.Areas covered: This review of literature provides an update on the clinical and preclinical arguments supporting anti-AD properties of antihypertensive drugs. The authors focused on validated all classes of antihypertensive treatments such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), β-blockers, diuretics, neprilysin inhibitors, and other agents. Three main mechanisms can be advocated: action on the concurrent vascular pathology, action on the vascular component of Alzheimer's pathophysiology, and action on nonvascular targets.Expert opinion: In 2019, while there is no doubt that hypertension should be treated in primary prevention of vascular disease and in secondary prevention of stroke and mixed dementia, the place of antihypertensive agents in the secondary prevention of 'pure' AD remains an outstanding question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Lebouvier
- Inserm URM_S1172, University of Lille, Lille, France.,DISTALZ, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yaohua Chen
- DISTALZ, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Florence Pasquier
- DISTALZ, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salcher-Konrad M, Naci H, McDaid D, Alladi S, Oliveira D, Fry A, Hussein S, Knapp M, Musyimi CW, Ndetei DM, Lopez-Ortega M, Comas-Herrera A. Effectiveness of interventions for dementia in low- and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review, pairwise and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027851. [PMID: 31221887 PMCID: PMC6588974 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are more people living with dementia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income countries. Evidence-based interventions to improve the lives of people living with dementia and their carers are needed, but a systematic mapping of methodologically robust studies in LMICs and synthesis of the effectiveness of dementia interventions in these settings is missing. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to answer the question: Which dementia interventions were shown to be effective in LMICs and how do they compare to each other? Electronic database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, WHO Global Index Medicus, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane CENTRAL, Social Care Online, BASE, MODEM Toolkit, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) will be complemented by hand searching of reference lists and local knowledge of existing studies from an international network of researchers in dementia from LMICs. Studies will be eligible for inclusion if they were published between 2008 and 2018, conducted in LMICs and evaluated the effectiveness of a dementia intervention using a study design that supports causal inference of the treatment effect. We will include both randomised and non-randomised studies due to an anticipated low number of well-conducted randomised trials in LMICs and potentially greater external validity of non-randomised studies conducted in routine care settings. In addition to narrative synthesis of the interventions, feasibility of pairwise and network meta-analyses will be explored to obtain pooled effects of relative treatment effects. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Secondary analysis of published studies, therefore no ethics approval required. Planned dissemination channels include a peer-reviewed publication as well as a website, DVD and evidence summaries. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018106206.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Salcher-Konrad
- Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU), London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Huseyin Naci
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - David McDaid
- Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU), London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Deborah Oliveira
- Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- University of Nottingham Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andra Fry
- Library, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Shereen Hussein
- Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU), University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Martin Knapp
- Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU), London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - David Musyimi Ndetei
- Africa Mental Health Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mariana Lopez-Ortega
- National Institute of Geriatrics, National Institutes of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adelina Comas-Herrera
- Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU), London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hussain G, Rasul A, Anwar H, Aziz N, Razzaq A, Wei W, Ali M, Li J, Li X. Role of Plant Derived Alkaloids and Their Mechanism in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:341-357. [PMID: 29559851 PMCID: PMC5859479 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are conventionally demarcated as disorders with selective loss of neurons. Conventional as well as newer molecules have been tested but they offer just symptomatic advantages along with abundant side effects. The discovery of more compelling molecules that can halt the pathology of these diseases will be considered as a miracle of present time. Several synthetic compounds are available but they may cause several other health issues. Therefore, natural molecules from the plants and other sources are being discovered to replace available medicines. In conventional medicational therapies, several plants have been reported to bestow remedial effects. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants can provide a better and safer alternative to synthetic molecules. Many phytochemicals have been identified that cure the human body from a number of diseases. The present article reviews the potential efficacy of plant-derived alkaloids, which possess potential therapeutic effects against several NDDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, and stroke. Alkaloids include isoquinoline, indole, pyrroloindole, oxindole, piperidine, pyridine, aporphine, vinca, β-carboline, methylxanthene, lycopodium, and erythrine byproducts. Alkaloids constitute positive roles in ameliorating pathophysiology of these illnesses by functioning as muscarinic and adenosine receptors agonists, anti-oxidant, anti-amyloid and MAO inhibitors, acetylcholinestrase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, inhibitor of α-synuclein aggregation, dopaminergic and nicotine agonist, and NMDA antagonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science. 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim JK, Park SU. Pharmacological aspects of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:35-39. [PMID: 28337117 PMCID: PMC5318685 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brühl AB, Sahakian BJ. Drugs, games, and devices for enhancing cognition: implications for work and society. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1369:195-217. [PMID: 27043232 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As work environments change, the demands on working people change. Cognitive abilities in particular are becoming progressively more important for work performance and successful competition in a global environment. However, work-related stress, performance over long hours, lack of sleep, shift work, and jet lag affect cognitive functions. Therefore, an increasing number of healthy people are reported to use cognitive-enhancing drugs, as well as other interventions, such as noninvasive brain stimulation, to maintain or improve work performance. This review summarizes research on pharmacological and technical methods as well as cognitive training, including game apps for the brain, in healthy people. In neuropsychiatric disorders, impairments in cognitive functions can drastically reduce the chances of returning to work; therefore, this review also summarizes findings from pharmacological and cognitive-training studies in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette B Brühl
- Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|