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Kamadjou A, Decock A, Huleux T, Depreux A, Aissi E, Landre L, Baclet V, Viget N, Valette M, Robineau O, Meybeck A. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual behaviour and welfare of HIV preexposure prophylaxis users: a mixed-method study. AIDS Care 2024; 36:343-350. [PMID: 37128640 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2206100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic can affect people using HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). To assess its consequences on PrEP users' sexual behaviour and welfare, we conducted a mixed-method study. A self-administered questionnaire was given to PrEP users during scheduled consultation in Tourcoing Hospital from February to May 2021. In addition, a qualitative study included 14 participants who took part in semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs). Ninety-four PrEP users completed the questionnaire. During lockdown, 62% of participants continued PrEP. After lockdown release, the average number of sexual intercourses and partners increased from 6 ± 12 to 13 ± 17 intercourses/month (p < 0.001) and from 3 ± 11 to 11 ± 34 partners/month (p < 0.001). Similarly, the proportion of PrEP users who engaged in group sex, sex with alcohol or chemsex increased respectively from 28% to 55% (p < 0.001), 28% to 45% (p < 0.001) and 28% to 38% (p < 0.001). Analysis of IDIs revealed emotional deprivation and sexual frustration during the lockdown. After its release, frequent clandestine chemsex parties and curfew forcing overnight stay increased fears of intimate violence and overdoses. In conclusion, PrEP users reduced their sexual activity during the lockdown. Its release led to an increase in sexual risk-taking. Social distancing measures could favour medical and social harm of sexual risk-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Kamadjou
- Infectious Diseases Department, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
| | - Anna Decock
- Infectious Diseases Department, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
- Sexual Health Clinic, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
| | - Thomas Huleux
- Infectious Diseases Department, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
- Sexual Health Clinic, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
| | - Alma Depreux
- Sexual Health Clinic, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
| | - Emmanuelle Aissi
- Infectious Diseases Department, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
- Sexual Health Clinic, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
| | - Laura Landre
- Sexual Health Clinic, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
| | - Véronique Baclet
- Infectious Diseases Department, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
- Sexual Health Clinic, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
| | - Nathalie Viget
- Infectious Diseases Department, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
- Sexual Health Clinic, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
| | - Michel Valette
- Infectious Diseases Department, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
- Sexual Health Clinic, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
| | - Olivier Robineau
- Infectious Diseases Department, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
| | - Agnès Meybeck
- Infectious Diseases Department, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
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Nunes RV, de Araújo TME, de Oliveira LB, Almeida PD, Lima SVMA, Magalhães RDLB, Valle ARMDC, Fronteira I, Mendes IAC, de Sousa ÁFL. Sexual Practices and Predisposition to PrEP Use Among Men Ages 50 Years and Older Who Have Sex With Men: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2023; 34:548-565. [PMID: 37815844 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the sexual practices of men ages 50 years or older who have sex with men (MSM) and factors influencing their predisposition to use preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazil and Portugal with 718 MSM. Of these, 278 (38.7%) were categorized as being at high risk for HIV based on the HIV Incidence Risk Index (HIRI), and 418 (58.2%) expressed a predisposition to use PrEP. Overall, sociodemographic factors and specific sexual practices increased the likelihood of being classified as high risk for HIV, particularly sexual position and sexual activity. However, factors that influenced the predisposition to use PrEP included age group, receptive anal sex, knowledge of postexposure prophylaxis, high HIRI score, and a history of syphilis. These findings underscore the urgent need for health services to provide comprehensive and adequate attention to the realities of this population, considering its complexities and specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Veloso Nunes
- Rômulo Veloso Nunes, MSc, RN, is a Nurse, College of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil. Telma Maria Evangelista de Araújo, PhD, RN, is a Professor, College of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil. Layze Braz de Oliveira, PhD, RN, is a PhD Student, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Brazil and WHO Colaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Priscilla Dantas Almeida, PhD, RN, is an Assistant Professor, College of Nursing of Manaus, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil. Shirley Veronica Melo Almeida Lima, PhD, RN, is an Assistant Professor, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil. Rosilane de Lima Brito Magalhães, PhD, RN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil. Andréia Rodrigues Moura da Costa Valle, PhD, RN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil. Inês Fronteira, PhD, MD, is a Professor, National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal. Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes, PhD, RN, is a Professor Emerita, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Brazil and WHO Colaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa, PhD, RN, is a Researcher, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libânes, São Paulo, Brazil and Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
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Araújo TMED, Lulendo E, Brito Magalhães RDL, Valle ARMDC, Borges PDTM, Almeida PD, Almeida MG, Oliveira LBD, Mendes IAC, Sousa AFLD. Sexual exposure to HIV in Angolan men who have sex with men immigrants: A cross-sectional study in Portugal and Brazil. Int J STD AIDS 2023; 34:876-883. [PMID: 37350448 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231185810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In different contexts, international migrants are vulnerable to health disparities that increase the risk of HIV/AIDS exposure and continue to bear a significant burden of new virus infections in developed and developing countries. In this study, we sought to examine sexual practices and factors linked to HIV exposure among a sample of Angolan men who have sex with men (MSM) immigrants. METHODS The study was conducted in two Portuguese-speaking countries, Brazil and Portugal, and involved 250 Angolan MSM immigrants between September 2020 and February 2021, using sampling methods to constitute the sample and the HIV Incidence Risk Index (HIRI) to define virus exposure risk. Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were used to calculate the chances of higher HIRI index in the sample. RESULTS Our results showed that 76.8% of participants presented a high HIRI index, influenced by the practice of chemsex (aOR: 4.26), having a known/repeated partner (aOR: 4.59), and engaging in passive sex without a condom in the last 30 days (aOR: 1.29) or 6 months (aOR: 1.98). CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to focus on this vulnerable population and implement sexual health policies that integrate combined HIV prevention measures aimed at immigrant MSM.
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Connolly DJ, Eraslan E, Gilchrist G. Coronavirus (COVID-19) and sexualised drug use among men who have sex with men: a systematic review. Sex Health 2023; 20:375-384. [PMID: 37460309 DOI: 10.1071/sh23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug-related harms, including harms from sexualised drug use (SDU), are disproportionately experienced by sexual and gender minority people, relative to their majority counterparts. Chemsex, a type of SDU practiced mainly by MSM, is associated with methamphetamine use and increased HIV seropositivity or risk of acquisition. Therefore, participants are at increased risk of immunocompromise. Existing evidence suggests that drug use increases following natural disasters. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on chemsex is unknown. A PRISMA-adherent systematic review was conducted to synthesise reports of changes in the prevalence, frequency, or characteristics of drug use (and factors associated with these changes) following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This report presents findings related to SDU/chemsex among MSM. A comprehensive search across nine databases, supplemented with backward-forward citation searching and contact with key opinion leaders, was conducted. Two reviewers carried out title-abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction. Following a final, single database search, nine studies were included in the narrative synthesis. More than half the sample were studies investigating HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use. Twenty percent of participants in most studies reported chemsex participation. In four, participants reported a net increase or maintenance of chemsex participation during the pandemic and five reported a net decrease. Increased chemsex participation was associated with loneliness, cravings, and working during the pandemic. Decreased chemsex practice was associated with COVID-19-related fear. This synthesis suggests that chemsex practice continued, and for some MSM increased, throughout COVID-19 pandemic 'lockdowns'. This may have increased COVID-19 transmission and severity among potentially vulnerable MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean J Connolly
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Windsor Walk, London, UK
| | - Ece Eraslan
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Windsor Walk, London, UK
| | - Gail Gilchrist
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Windsor Walk, London, UK
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Sousa ÁFL, Lima SVMA, Ribeiro CJN, de Sousa AR, Camargo ELS, de Oliveira LB, Neto JC, Fronteira I, Mendes IAC. Pre-exposure prophylaxis among Brazilian men who have sex with men: a comparative study between migrants and non-migrants. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1198339. [PMID: 37663850 PMCID: PMC10469671 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1198339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Investigating the use and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in MSM is a global health priority in the fight against HIV. Strategies must be capable of increasing usage and reaching not only the population living in the country but also those who immigrate, who face additional vulnerabilities. Based on this, in this observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study, our aim is to analyze the use of PrEP among Brazilian men who have sex with men, whether they are migrants or not. We aim to highlight preventive opportunities and strategies for the global health scenario. Methods We utilized a sample of Brazilians living in the country and Brazilian immigrants residing in Portugal, one of the main destinations for Brazilians in recent years. To estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) of PrEP use, we employed the Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation using a covariance matrix. Results A total of 1,117 Brazilian MSM PrEP users participated in this study, with 788 residing in Brazil and 328 in Portugal. Multivariate analysis was conducted in three stages: overall, and for subgroups of residents in Brazil and immigrants in Portugal. We identified four convergent factors that increased the prevalence of PrEP use in Brazilians regardless of migration status: having two or more casual sexual partners per month, engaging in challenging sexual practices as the receptive partner, disclosing serological status on apps, and being single. Among native Brazilians, four unique factors stood out: being in a polyamorous relationship, having sexual relations with unknown casual partners, and having higher levels of education. Discussion This study highlights the need to implement strategies to strengthen PrEP adherence in Brazil and create international programs that facilitate its usage among populations migrating between these two countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Francisco Lopes Sousa
- Hospital Sírio-Libânes, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima
- Collective Health Research Center, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nursing Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Reis de Sousa
- Graduate Program in Nursing and Health of the Nursing School, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Layze Braz de Oliveira
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Cruz Neto
- University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Inês Fronteira
- Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, National School of Public Health, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Irfan SD, Sarwar G, Emran J, Khan SI. An uncharted territory of sexualized drug use: exploring the dynamics of chemsex among young and adolescent MSM including self-identified gay men in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1124971. [PMID: 37425169 PMCID: PMC10324373 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1124971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Global and local literature depicted the pervasiveness of chemsex among men who have sex with men (MSM), yet there is limited evidence on adolescents and youth. Though literature showed their engagement in chemsex, further exploration is warranted about their socio-sexual contexts and implications. Therefore, this article explored the contexts and implications of chemsex on young and adolescent MSM. This article is extracted from qualitative research evidence, and research data are triangulated by programmatic evidence on adolescent and young MSM from two ongoing pilot interventions. The key motivational factors for engaging in chemsex were primarily rooted in the dynamics of their peer networks. Specifically, the onset of drug use is predominantly attributed to curiosity toward experimentation with methamphetamine, peer influence, propensity to lose weight, and increasing courage to approach potential sexual partners. Moreover, they continued taking drugs as it enhanced their sexual performance, thus perpetuating chemsex. Additionally, the findings revealed several sexual implications of methamphetamine, e.g., bolstering their sexual "stamina," increasing their propensity toward sexual violence, and reducing their decision-making abilities and judgment, thus collectively decreasing condom use. In essence, chemsex is considerably driven by their socio-sexual contexts, thus perpetuating sexual risk behaviors and compromising sexual health outcomes. Therefore, harm reduction interventions targeted need to be designed keeping in mind their socio-sexual dynamics and age.
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Is There a Reduction in Chemsex Practice in Men Who Have Sex With Men During COVID-19 Lockdown? Results of the CheRRLock Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 92:378-384. [PMID: 36562613 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chemsex is a growing concern among men who have sex with men (MSM). COVID-19 lockdowns have had consequences on social and sexual interactions. We aimed to assess changes in chemsex practices during COVID-19 lockdown in France among MSM and factors associated with maintaining or increasing chemsex practice. METHODS Repeated face-to-face questionnaires were conducted at "Le 190" Sexual Health Center, Paris, France, exploring lifestyle, sexual, and chemsex practices, COVID-19 concerns and mental health before and during second lockdown in France (30/10/2020-15/12/2020). Inclusion criteria were chemsex practices at least 3 times throughout lifetime and at least once in the 3 months before second lockdown. The primary end point was the proportion of participants who declared having stopped, decreased, maintained, or increased their chemsex practice during lockdown. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyze factors associated with evolutions of chemsex practice. RESULTS Ninety-three MSM were included: 66% HIV-positive and 30% taking PrEP. Drugs most used were cathinones (91%) and GHB/GBL (52%). Participants reported stopping, decreasing, maintaining, and increasing chemsex drugs use in 14%, 22%, 22%, and 42% of cases, respectively. Despite this overall increase in chemsex practice, MSM decreased their number of sexual partners. Factors significantly associated with maintaining or increasing chemsex drugs use were feeling lonely (OR = 3.24), craving (OR = 4.51), and working during lockdown (OR = 3.27), contrasting with fear of COVID-19 (OR = 0.31). CONCLUSION Restriction measures lead to changes in sexual behavior and seem to increase chemsex practice. Maintaining care for most isolated patients should be a priority in COVID-19 context.
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de Sousa AFL, Lima SVMA, Ribeiro CJN, de Sousa AR, Barreto NMPV, Camargo ELS, Araújo AAC, dos Santos AD, Bezerra-Santos M, Fortunato MDR, Possani MA, dos Santos AJ, de Lima JLT, Gir E, Fronteira I, Mendes IAC. Adherence to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Portuguese-Speaking Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4881. [PMID: 36981792 PMCID: PMC10049571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strengthening strategies to improve adherence to the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in key populations constitutes a global health priority to be achieved across countries, especially in countries that share a high flow of people such as Brazil and Portugal. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with adherence to PrEP among MSM from two Portuguese-speaking countries, highlighting the opportunities and preventive strategies for the global health scenario. This was a cross-sectional analytical online survey conducted from January 2020 to May 2021 with MSM in Brazil and Portugal. For analysis of the data, the Poisson regression model was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) for developing a model to evaluate the associated factors in both countries in a comparative and isolated way. Adherence to PrEP use corresponded to 19.5% (n = 1682) of the overall sample: 18.3% (n = 970) for Brazil and 21.5% (n = 712) for Portugal. Having more than two sex partners in the last 30 days (aPR: 30.87) and routinely undergoing HIV tests (aPR: 26.21) increased the use of this medication. Being an immigrant (PR: 1.36) and knowing the partner's serological status (PR: 1.28) increased adherence to PrEP in Portugal, whereas, in Brazil, it was being an immigrant (PR: 0.83) and not knowing the serological status (PR: 2.24) that promoted the use of this medication. Our findings reinforce the need to invest in programs and strategies to improve access and adherence to PrEP, especially in key populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Hospital Sírio-Libânes, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo 01308-050, São Paulo, Brazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Shirley Veronica Melo Almeida Lima
- Collective Health Research Center, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto 49400-000, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Reis de Sousa
- Graduate Program in Nursing and Health of the Nursing School, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Allan Dantas dos Santos
- Collective Health Research Center, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto 49400-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Márcio Bezerra-Santos
- Medical and Nursing Science Center, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Arapiraca 57309-005, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Arantes Possani
- Medical School, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano José dos Santos
- Collective Health Research Center, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto 49400-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Elucir Gir
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inês Fronteira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gilchrist G, Potts LC, Connolly DJ, Winstock A, Barratt MJ, Ferris J, Gilchrist E, Davies E. Experience and perpetration of intimate partner violence and abuse by gender of respondent and their current partner before and during COVID-19 restrictions in 2020: a cross-sectional study in 13 countries. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:316. [PMID: 36782157 PMCID: PMC9924203 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) includes controlling behaviours, psychological, physical, sexual and financial abuse. Globally, surveys and emergency services have recorded an increase in IPVA since restrictions were imposed to limit COVID-19 transmission. Most studies have only included heterosexual women. METHODS Data from the Global Drug Survey (an annual, anonymous, online survey collecting data on drug use) Special Edition were analysed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on people's lives, including their intimate relationships. Five relationship groupings were created using respondents' lived gender identity: women partnered with men (46.9%), women partnered with women (2.1%), men partnered with men (2.9%), men partnered with women (47.2%), and partnerships where one or both partners were non-binary (1%). Self-reported experience and perpetration of IPVA in the past 30 days before (February) and during COVID-19 restrictions (May or June) in 2020 (N = 35,854) was described and compared for different relationship groupings using Fishers Exact Tests. Changes in IPVA during restrictions were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS During restrictions, 17.8 and 16.6% of respondents had experienced or perpetrated IPVA respectively; 38.2% of survivors and 37.6% of perpetrators reported this had increased during restrictions. Greater proportions of non-binary respondents or respondents with a non-binary partner reported experiencing or perpetrating IPVA (p < .001) than other relationship groupings. 22.0% of respondents who were non-binary or had a non-binary partner, 19.5% of men partnered with men, 18.9% of men partnered with women, 17.1% of women partnered with women and 16.6% of women partnered with men reported experiencing IPVA. Respondents with higher psychological distress, poor coping with pandemic-related changes, relationship tension and changes (increases or increases and decreases) in alcohol consumption reported increased experience of IPVA during restrictions. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that IPVA can occur in all intimate relationships, regardless of gender of the perpetrator or survivor. Non-binary respondents or respondents with non-binary partners reported the highest use and experience of IPVA. Most IPVA victim support services have been designed for heterosexual, cisgender women. IPVA support services and perpetrator programmes must be tailored to support all perpetrators and survivors during the pandemic and beyond, regardless of their sexual or gender identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Gilchrist
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Laura C. Potts
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Dean J. Connolly
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.439471.c0000 0000 9151 4584Barts Health NHS Trust, Whipps Cross University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adam Winstock
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK ,Global Drug Survey, London, UK
| | - Monica J. Barratt
- grid.1017.70000 0001 2163 3550Social and Global Studies Centre and Digital Ethnography Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, Australia
| | - Jason Ferris
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Gilchrist
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma Davies
- grid.7628.b0000 0001 0726 8331Centre for Psychological Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Santos CC, de M. Lima FW, Magno L, Soares F, Ferraz D, Grangeiro A, Zucchi EM, Préau M, Mabire X, Matos HRSS, Dourado I. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and factors associated with infection among adolescent men who have sex with men and transgender women in Salvador, Brazil. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:61. [PMID: 36624484 PMCID: PMC9829219 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazil was strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the pandemic on sexual and gender minorities' youth remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW) participants of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis cohort study (PrEP1519). METHODS This is a cross-sectional design conducted between June and October 2020 in Salvador, Brazil. Serum samples were collected from AMSM and ATGW aged 16-21 years between June-October 2020. IgG and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay, and data were collected through a socio-behavioral questionnaire. RESULTS Among the 137 participants, the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM was 20.4%; 16.8% of the participants were positive for IgG, and 11.7% for IgM. In the multivariable analysis, the seroprevalence was two times higher among those who never wore masks (OR= 2.22; 95% CI: 1.08-4.57) and among those who believed that they could be easily cured of the disease (OR= 2.05; 95% CI: 1.05-4.01). CONCLUSIONS The high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among gender and sexual minority youth seems to be informed by behaviors and attitudes that contrast with public health measures and the potential severity of the disease when vaccination was still not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina C. Santos
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fernanda W. de M. Lima
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Laio Magno
- grid.442053.40000 0001 0420 1676Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil ,grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Soares
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Dulce Ferraz
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Escola FIOCRUZ de Governo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brasília, Brazil ,Pole of Social Psychology, UMR 1296 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Université Lyon 2, Lyon, France ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204PHASE (Psychology of Health, Aging and Sport Examination), Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Grangeiro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Miura Zucchi
- grid.412267.40000 0000 9074 7896Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Marie Préau
- Pole of Social Psychology, UMR 1296 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Université Lyon 2, Lyon, France ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Institut de Psychologie, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Mabire
- Pole of Social Psychology, UMR 1296 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Université Lyon 2, Lyon, France ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204PHASE (Psychology of Health, Aging and Sport Examination), Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Helen R. S. S. Matos
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Inês Dourado
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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11
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de Sousa ÁFL, Nunes Ribeiro CJ, Santos GRDS, de Oliveira LB, Camargo ELS, Lima SVMA, de Oliveira Sena IV, Bezerra-Santos M, Batista OMA, Reis de Sousa A, Mendes IAC. Intention to use PrEP among men who have sex with men and engage in chemsex: an international descriptive study. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2023; 10:20499361231206918. [PMID: 37900982 PMCID: PMC10612445 DOI: 10.1177/20499361231206918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a valuable tool in the response to the HIV epidemic, recommended for groups with a higher risk of HIV infection, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly in the context of high-risk sexual behavior such as chemsex. Purpose This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with the intention to use PrEP among MSM who engage in chemsex in Brazil and Portugal. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of a secondary dataset from a larger study conducted between January 2020 and May 2021 throughout Brazil and Portugal involving 1852 MSM who engage in chemsex. An initial descriptive analysis was performed to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies of independent variables related to the intention to use PrEP among MSM. A multivariate regression model was developed to identify factors independently associated with the intention to use PrEP. Results Although a high level of PrEP knowledge (85.75%) was observed among MSM who engage in chemsex, the prevalence of intention to use PrEP was only 59.07%. Five variables were associated with a higher prevalence of intention to use PrEP [engaging in double penetration - adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.56, 95% CI: 1.44-1.69; being assigned female sex at birth - aPR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.12-1.61; cruising - aPR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06-1.38; not using condoms - aPR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.36; and being an immigrant - aPR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.07-1.25], while having knowledge of postexposure prophylaxis (aPR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84-0.98), having a casual sexual partner (aPR: 0.86 and 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74-0.99 and 0.74-0.98), and engaging in group sex (aPR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73-0.90) were associated with a lower intention to use PrEP. Conclusion The intention to use PrEP among MSM who engage in chemsex was high, and several factors were associated with this intention. Understanding the factors associated with the intention to use PrEP among MSM practicing chemsex is crucial for developing targeted interventions to increase PrEP uptake in this population. The results of this study suggest that tailored approaches are necessary to promote PrEP use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Hospital Sírio-Libânes, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Daher Cutait, 69 - Bela Vista, São Paulo - SP, 01308-060, Brazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Caíque Jordan Nunes Ribeiro
- Collective Health Research Center (NISC), Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Layze Braz de Oliveira
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima
- Collective Health Research Center (NISC), Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Bezerra-Santos
- Complex of Medical Sciences and Nursing, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Reis de Sousa
- Graduate Program in Nursing and Health of the Nursing School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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12
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Characterizing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV PrEP care: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature. AIDS Behav 2022; 27:2089-2102. [DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe global COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures have caused disruptions to sexual health services and created additional barriers to the continuity of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among key populations. This review provides an examination of the influences of the pandemic on engagement in the PrEP care continuum. Using the PRISMA guideline, 46 studies were included in this review and the synthesis. Most of the studies were conducted in high-income settings through quantitative analysis. A majority of studies examining the changes in PrEP use suggested a decline or discontinuation in PrEP uptake during the pandemic. The most common reasons for stopping using PrEP were perceived barriers to PrEP-related care, having reduced sexual behaviors and fewer sexual partners, and reduced perceived risk of HIV infection. Limited studies documenting an increase in PrEP uptake were all in specific PrEP optimizing programs. During the pandemic, there is also an emerging trend of switching to on-demand PrEP from daily oral PrEP. Future studies should understand the mechanism of strategies that facilitated the improvements during the pandemic. PrEP implementation programs should consider alternative PrEP modalities and provide consistent and comprehensive knowledge about correct information.
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Palma EMS, de Sousa AR, Teixeira JRB, Moreira WC, de Araújo ACM, Souza LFV, dos Anjos JCR, de Almeida Portela HS, de Carvalho HEF, de Oliveira Muniz V, Barreto NMPV, Almeida ÉS, Mota TN, dos Santos SD, da Silva Souza AT, da Silva JC, Almeida CAPL, Lourenção LG, de Queiroz AM, Fortes Júnior EJ, das Merces MC, Lima SVMA, da Silva FMD, Gomes NP, Servo MLS, de Santana Carvalho ES, Barros S, De Araújo TM, de Oliveira MAF, de Sousa ÁFL, Mendes IAC. Influence of Sociodemographic and Emotional Factors on the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Perceived Stress among Men Residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138159. [PMID: 35805819 PMCID: PMC9265849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men’s mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Missias Silva Palma
- Psychology Course, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (E.M.S.P.); (A.C.M.d.A.)
| | - Anderson Reis de Sousa
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira
- Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil; (J.R.B.T.); (S.D.d.S.); (M.L.S.S.); (E.S.d.S.C.); (T.M.D.A.)
| | - Wanderson Carneiro Moreira
- College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (W.C.M.); (S.B.); (M.A.F.d.O.)
| | | | - Luiz Filipe Vieira Souza
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Júlio Cézar Ramos dos Anjos
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Hannah Souza de Almeida Portela
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (H.E.F.d.C.); (Á.F.L.d.S.); (I.A.C.M.)
| | | | - Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Éric Santos Almeida
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Tilson Nunes Mota
- Board of Health Surveillance, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Salvador 40130-160, BA, Brazil;
| | - Sélton Diniz dos Santos
- Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil; (J.R.B.T.); (S.D.d.S.); (M.L.S.S.); (E.S.d.S.C.); (T.M.D.A.)
| | | | - Josielson Costa da Silva
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | | | | | | | - Edmar José Fortes Júnior
- Medicine Course, Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba (IESVAP), Parnaiba 64215-343, PI, Brazil;
| | | | | | | | - Nadirlene Pereira Gomes
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Maria Lúcia Silva Servo
- Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil; (J.R.B.T.); (S.D.d.S.); (M.L.S.S.); (E.S.d.S.C.); (T.M.D.A.)
| | - Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho
- Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil; (J.R.B.T.); (S.D.d.S.); (M.L.S.S.); (E.S.d.S.C.); (T.M.D.A.)
| | - Sônia Barros
- College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (W.C.M.); (S.B.); (M.A.F.d.O.)
| | - Tânia Maria De Araújo
- Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil; (J.R.B.T.); (S.D.d.S.); (M.L.S.S.); (E.S.d.S.C.); (T.M.D.A.)
| | - Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira
- College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (W.C.M.); (S.B.); (M.A.F.d.O.)
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (H.E.F.d.C.); (Á.F.L.d.S.); (I.A.C.M.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (H.E.F.d.C.); (Á.F.L.d.S.); (I.A.C.M.)
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14
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de Sousa AR, Moreira WC, da Silva Santana T, Araújo IFM, Borges CCL, Almeida ÉS, das Mercês MC, da Silva RAR, Teixeira JRB, Lourenção LG, Gomes NP, de Santana Carvalho ES, de Sousa ÁFL, de Almeida LCG, Viana LVM, Pereira Á. Sociohistorical Analysis of Normative Standards of Masculinity in the Pandemic of COVID-19: Impacts on Men's Health/Mental Health. Front Psychol 2022; 13:775337. [PMID: 35645863 PMCID: PMC9130819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.775337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men’s health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity. Results The experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care. Conclusion The discourse revealed that the men’s behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thiago da Silva Santana
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | | | | | - Éric Santos Almeida
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Global Heath and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Álvaro Pereira
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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Roux P, Donadille C, Girard G, Spire B, Protière C, Velter A. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Men Who Have Sex With Men That Practice Chemsex in France: Results From the National ERAS Web Survey. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883211073225. [PMID: 35156425 PMCID: PMC8848067 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211073225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemsex-the use of drugs in a sexual context-has been associated with more at-risk sexual practices and substance-related complications in men who have sex with men (MSM). To date, no study has focused on the impact of France's first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related lockdown on the mental health and drug/alcohol use of MSM who practice chemsex. We implemented a web-based survey of 9,488 MSM living in France in June 2020 (after the country's first COVID-19 lockdown). Specifically, we first compared the subpopulation of MSM who self-reported practicing chemsex during their most recent sexual intercourse (defined as "chemsexers") with other MSM, using five outcomes: increased 1/tobacco use, 2/alcohol use, and 3/other psychoactive drug use. 4/using psychotropic medication during the lockdown, and finally 5/psychological distress. We then analyzed the outcomes' associations with the main explanatory variable "chemsexer," after adjusting for all relevant variables. Among 7,195 MSM who had sexual intercourse with a man during the previous 6 months, 359 participants (5%) were identified as "chemsexers." Multivariable analyses showed that during the first lockdown period, chemsexers were significantly more likely than non-chemsexers to have increased their use of tobacco, alcohol, and other psychoactive substances. Chemsexers were also more likely to have used psychotropic medication and to have experienced psychological distress during the previous month. Given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in France and worldwide, this finding highlights the need to develop psychosocial interventions and harm reduction services for MSM chemsexers, potentially via mobile health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Roux
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, U1252 SESSTIM, Sciences économiques & sociales de la santé & traitement de l'information médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Donadille
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, U1252 SESSTIM, Sciences économiques & sociales de la santé & traitement de l'information médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Gabriel Girard
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, U1252 SESSTIM, Sciences économiques & sociales de la santé & traitement de l'information médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Spire
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, U1252 SESSTIM, Sciences économiques & sociales de la santé & traitement de l'information médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Christel Protière
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, U1252 SESSTIM, Sciences économiques & sociales de la santé & traitement de l'information médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
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16
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Teixeira JRB, Lima SVMA, de Sousa AR, Queiroz AAFLN, Barreto NMPV, Mendes IAC, Fronteira I, de Sousa ÁFL. Determinants of sexual exposure to HIV in Portuguese and Brazilian adolescents: a path analysis. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2022. [PMID: 36197395 PMCID: PMC9647887 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6222.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze the direct and indirect effects of determinants of sexual exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus among male adolescents who have sex with men and the implications for nursing care. METHOD cross-sectional study carried out with 578 Portuguese and Brazilian adolescents aged 18 and 19. Interrelationships of conjugal status, use of dating apps, practice of chemsex, unawareness, partner credibility, challenging sexual practices and ineffective forms of protection against sexual exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus were evaluated using the Path Analysis technique. RESULTS significant direct effect on sexual exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus: conjugal status (β=-0.16), use of apps (β=-0.30), challenging sexual practices (β=0.48) and ineffective forms of protection (β=0.35). Indirect paths: partner credibility influenced ineffective forms of protection (β=0.77); having a steady/polyamorous relationship influenced the use of dating apps (β=-0.46); chemsex, mediated by challenging sexual practices (β=0.67), determined greater sexual exposure. CONCLUSION adolescent sexual behaviors and forms of amorous/sexual relationship must be considered in nursing care planning to reduce sexual exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus. UNLABELLED (1) Adolescents present high prevalence (81.0%) of sexual exposure to HIV. (2) Specificities of sexual practices are determinant factors of sexual exposure. (3) The higher the credibility given to a partner, the higher the sexual exposure to HIV. (4) Challenging sexual practices (such as fisting) determine sexual exposure. (5) Nursing care must focus on lowering exposure to HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil
- Bolsista do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Centro Colaborador da OPAS/OMS para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Enfermagem, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Inês Fronteira
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, LX, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Bolsista do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasil
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, LX, Portugal
- Centro Universitário UNINOVAFAPI, Teresina, PI, Brasil
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Sexual Exposure to HIV Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): A Multicentric Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189584. [PMID: 34574508 PMCID: PMC8470798 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The practice of sex with casual partners without the use of adequate prevention in the period of social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) can expose them to the risk of infection by the HIV virus. To assess this, we conducted an online survey in April and May 2020 in the entire national territory of Brazil and Portugal. We used the snowball technique for sampling, associated with circulation in social networks, totaling 2934 participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to produce the adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR). Eight-hundred-and-forty-two (28.7%) MSM presented at-risk sexual exposure in this period. In general, the types of sexual practices that most increased the chances of sexual exposure were having multiple partners (aOR:14.045); having practiced chemsex (aOR:2.246) and group sex (aOR:2.431), as well as presenting a history of at-risk sexual exposure (aOR:5.136). When we consider each country separately, the chances are increased in Brazil since the probability of the outcome was increased in those who practiced group sex (aOR:5.928), had multiple partners (aOR:19.132), and reported a sexual history of at-risk exposure (aOR:8.861). Our findings indicate that practices that are classically associated with greater chances of engaging in risky sexual exposure to HIV infection were the factors that most increased the chances of acquiring the virus in the pandemic context.
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18
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Chone JS, Lima SVMA, Fronteira I, Mendes IAC, Shaaban AN, Martins MDRO, Sousa ÁFL. Factors associated with chemsex in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2021; 29:e3474. [PMID: 34468628 PMCID: PMC8432586 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.4975.3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to investigate the factors associated with the practice of sex under the influence of drugs (chemsex) among Portuguese men who have sex with men during the period of social distancing to prevent the COVID-19. Method: online survey applied in May 2020 to a sample of 1,301 participants living in Portugal, recruited according to Respondent Driven Sampling and via social media Facebook®. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed along with logistic regression to calculate adjusted Odds Ratio (ORa). Results: the prevalence of chemsex was 20.2%. The likelihood of practicing chemsex increased with group sex (ORa: 28.4, 95%CI 16.93–47.49); unprotected sex (ORa: 7.1 95%CI 4.57–10.99); the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent COVID-19 (ORa: 4.2, 95%CI 2.71–6.39) and COVID-19 testing (ORa: 1.9, 95%CI 1.15–3.10). Conclusion: the practice of chemsex among men who have sex with men during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal was very frequent and may support greater understanding of the role and impact of sexual behavior on the COVID-19 transmission rates and the current pandemic situation in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias Salomão Chone
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Global Health and Tropical Medicine; Lisboa, LS, Portugal
| | | | - Inês Fronteira
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Global Health and Tropical Medicine; Lisboa, LS, Portugal
| | - Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Scholarship holder at the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil
| | - Ahmed Nabil Shaaban
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Global Health and Tropical Medicine; Lisboa, LS, Portugal
| | | | - Álvaro Francisco Lopes Sousa
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Global Health and Tropical Medicine; Lisboa, LS, Portugal.,Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Scholarship holder at the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil
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19
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Pereira H, Pedro J, Mendes C, Duarte M, Silva PG. Psychosocial Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People Living in Portugal and Brazil—A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSEXUAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/26318318211017466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Not many studies have been reported from Portugal or Brazil to date, regarding the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 on lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people, especially from a qualitative perspective. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 65 self-identified LGB individuals from Portugal and Brazil participated in this study. Thirty-two participants were from Portugal and 33 from Brazil. The average age was 34.48 years (standard deviation = 11.66), ranging from 19 to 67. We used an online interview approach in an asynchronous format. All study respondents completed a structured inquiry consisting of a short section of sociodemographic questions and a single open-ended question: “As a lesbian, gay, bisexual (or other) self-identified person, please elaborate on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted your life.” Results: The thematic analysis of participants’ responses revealed 9 recurring themes, encompassing 18 subcategories to occur: mental health (depression, anxiety, fear, anger, and loneliness), isolation (social distancing and leisure impediments), relationships (family and friends), work-related problems, education-related problems, financial problems, changes (behavioral changes and opportunity to grow), coping (seeking support, accessing information and physical activities), and LGBTQI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex) topics (health barriers, going back into the closet, pride celebration events, and online dating). Conclusions: Our results provide voice to LGB Portuguese and Brazilian people during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrating specific challenges exacerbated by stigma and sexual discrimination amplified by preexistent social inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Pereira
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Estrada do Sineiro, Covilhã, Portugal
- The Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Pedro
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Estrada do Sineiro, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cindy Mendes
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Estrada do Sineiro, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mariana Duarte
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Estrada do Sineiro, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Patrícia G. Silva
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Estrada do Sineiro, Covilhã, Portugal
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20
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de Sousa AFL, de Oliveira LB, Queiroz AAFLN, de Carvalho HEF, Schneider G, Camargo ELS, de Araújo TME, Brignol S, Mendes IAC, Fronteira I, McFarland W. Casual Sex among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) during the Period of Sheltering in Place to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063266. [PMID: 33809916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph180632676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the extent to which Brazilian and Portuguese Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) had casual sex partners outside their homes during the period of sheltering in place for the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS An online survey was conducted in Brazil and Portugal in April, during the period of social isolation for COVID-19, with a sample of 2361 MSMs. Recruitment was done through meeting apps and Facebook. RESULTS Most of the sample (53.0%) had casual sex partners during sheltering. Factors that increased the odds of engaging in casual sex in Brazil were having group sex (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4), living in an urban area (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.2), feeling that sheltering had a high impact on daily life (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.3), having casual instead of steady partners (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.8-3.5), and not decreasing the number of partners (aOR 6.5, 95% CI 4.2-10.0). In Portugal, the odds of engaging in casual sex increased with using Facebook to find partners (aOR 4.6, 95% CI 3.0-7.2), not decreasing the number of partners (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 2.9-5.9), usually finding partners in physical venues (pre-COVID-19) (aOR 5.4, 95% CI 3.2-8.9), feeling that the isolation had a high impact on daily life (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3-6.7), and HIV-positive serostatus (aOR 11.7, 95% CI 4.7-29.2). Taking PrEP/Truvada to prevent COVID-19 was reported by 12.7% of MSM. CONCLUSIONS The pandemic has not stopped most of our MSM sample from finding sexual partners, with high-risk sexual behaviors continuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Layze Braz de Oliveira
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil
| | | | - Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Schneider
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Brignol
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24220-900, Brazil
| | - Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Inês Fronteira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Willi McFarland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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21
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de Sousa AFL, de Oliveira LB, Queiroz AAFLN, de Carvalho HEF, Schneider G, Camargo ELS, de Araújo TME, Brignol S, Mendes IAC, Fronteira I, McFarland W. Casual Sex among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) during the Period of Sheltering in Place to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3266. [PMID: 33809916 PMCID: PMC8004123 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the extent to which Brazilian and Portuguese Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) had casual sex partners outside their homes during the period of sheltering in place for the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS An online survey was conducted in Brazil and Portugal in April, during the period of social isolation for COVID-19, with a sample of 2361 MSMs. Recruitment was done through meeting apps and Facebook. RESULTS Most of the sample (53.0%) had casual sex partners during sheltering. Factors that increased the odds of engaging in casual sex in Brazil were having group sex (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4), living in an urban area (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.2), feeling that sheltering had a high impact on daily life (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.3), having casual instead of steady partners (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.8-3.5), and not decreasing the number of partners (aOR 6.5, 95% CI 4.2-10.0). In Portugal, the odds of engaging in casual sex increased with using Facebook to find partners (aOR 4.6, 95% CI 3.0-7.2), not decreasing the number of partners (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 2.9-5.9), usually finding partners in physical venues (pre-COVID-19) (aOR 5.4, 95% CI 3.2-8.9), feeling that the isolation had a high impact on daily life (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3-6.7), and HIV-positive serostatus (aOR 11.7, 95% CI 4.7-29.2). Taking PrEP/Truvada to prevent COVID-19 was reported by 12.7% of MSM. CONCLUSIONS The pandemic has not stopped most of our MSM sample from finding sexual partners, with high-risk sexual behaviors continuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (L.B.d.O.); (A.A.F.L.N.Q.); (H.E.F.d.C.); (G.S.); (E.L.S.C.); (I.A.C.M.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Layze Braz de Oliveira
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (L.B.d.O.); (A.A.F.L.N.Q.); (H.E.F.d.C.); (G.S.); (E.L.S.C.); (I.A.C.M.)
| | - Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes Queiroz
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (L.B.d.O.); (A.A.F.L.N.Q.); (H.E.F.d.C.); (G.S.); (E.L.S.C.); (I.A.C.M.)
| | - Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (L.B.d.O.); (A.A.F.L.N.Q.); (H.E.F.d.C.); (G.S.); (E.L.S.C.); (I.A.C.M.)
| | - Guilherme Schneider
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (L.B.d.O.); (A.A.F.L.N.Q.); (H.E.F.d.C.); (G.S.); (E.L.S.C.); (I.A.C.M.)
| | - Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (L.B.d.O.); (A.A.F.L.N.Q.); (H.E.F.d.C.); (G.S.); (E.L.S.C.); (I.A.C.M.)
| | | | - Sandra Brignol
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24220-900, Brazil;
| | - Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (L.B.d.O.); (A.A.F.L.N.Q.); (H.E.F.d.C.); (G.S.); (E.L.S.C.); (I.A.C.M.)
| | - Inês Fronteira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Willi McFarland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
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22
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Queiroz AAFLN, Sousa ÁFLD, Araújo TMED, Brignol S, Reis RK, Fronteira I, Moura MEB. High rates of unprotected receptive anal sex and vulnerabilities to HIV infection among Brazilian men who have sex with men. Int J STD AIDS 2021; 32:368-377. [PMID: 33533301 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420968994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate unprotected receptive anal sex intercourse (URAI) rates and vulnerabilities to HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) that use geosocial networking dating apps in Brazil. An online, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out with 2,250 MSM. The analyzed variables were grouped according to domains of vulnerability and analyzed by bi and multivariate statistics to calculate the Adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR). The prevalence of self-reported HIV was 7.1%; and of URAI, 23.4%. The studied variables that increased the chances of engaging in URAI were: identifying as homosexual (aOR = 8.30; 95%CI = 5.68:12.04), pansexual (aOR = 5.01; 95%CI = 2.04:12.38), or bisexual (aOR = 3.14; 95%CI = 2.03:4.80), using apps for obtaining sex (aOR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.0:1.5), engaging in group sex (aOR = 1.6; 95%CI = 1.3:2.0), and reporting chemsex (aOR = 1.5; 95%CI = 1.1:2.0). Self-reported positive HIV status was associated with: less than a minimum wage income (aOR = 1.78; 95%CI = 1.22:2.58), lower education (aOR = 1.86; 95%CI = 1.31 CI; 2,64), not knowing the partner's HIV status (aOR = 1.84; 95%CI = 1.06:3.19), practicing group sex (aOR = 1.67; 95%CI = 1.04; 2.68), and chemsex (aOR = 2.03; 95%CI =1.06:3.19). The applications interaction is shaped by their own users to better meet their desires and needs. However, this behavior exposes individuals to HIV vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, 28133Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, 70907Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sandra Brignol
- Institute of Collective Health, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Renata Karina Reis
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, 28133Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inês Fronteira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, 70907Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
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