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Alshahrani S. Aliskiren – A promising antioxidant agent beyond hypertension reduction. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 326:109145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Altarejo Marin T, Machado Bertassoli B, Alves de Siqueira de Carvalho A, Feder D. The use of aliskiren as an antifibrotic drug in experimental models: A systematic review. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:114-126. [PMID: 31605544 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aliskiren is an oral antihypertensive medication that acts by directly inhibiting renin. High levels of circulating renin and prorenin activate the pathological signaling pathway of fibrosis. This drug also reduces oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to analyze experimental studies that show the actions of aliskiren on fibrosis. PubMed and LILACS databases were consulted using the keywords aliskiren and fibrosis within the period between 2005 and 2017. Fifty-three articles were analyzed. In the heart, aliskiren attenuated remodeling, hypertrophy, inflammatory cytokines, collagen deposition, and oxidative stress. In the kidneys, there was a reduction in interstitial fibrosis, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, apoptosis, proteinuria, and in the recruitment of macrophages. In diabetic models, an improvement in the albumin/creatinine relationship and in the insulin pathway in skeletal muscles was observed; aliskiren was beneficial to pancreatic function and glucose tolerance. In the liver, aliskiren reduced fibrosis, steatosis, inflammatory cytokines, and collagen deposition. In the lung and peritoneal tissues, there was a reduction in fibrosis. Many studies have reported on the beneficial effects of aliskiren on endothelial function and arterial rigidity. A reduction in fibrosis in different organs is cited by many authors, which complies with the results found in this review. However, studies diverge on the use of the drug in diabetic patients. Aliskiren has antifibrotic potential in several experimental models, interfering with the levels of fibrogenic cytokines and oxidative stress. Therefore, its use in diseases in which fibrosis plays an important pathophysiological role is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Feder
- Department of Phamacology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
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Wunpathe C, Potue P, Maneesai P, Bunbupha S, Prachaney P, Kukongviriyapan U, Kukongviriyapan V, Pakdeechote P. Hesperidin Suppresses Renin-Angiotensin System Mediated NOX2 Over-Expression and Sympathoexcitation in 2K-1C Hypertensive Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:751-767. [PMID: 29754503 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin, a flavonoid derived from citrus fruits, possesses several beneficial effects including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hesperidin on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascade that mediated oxidative stress and sympathoexcitation in two-kidney, one-clipped (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. 2K-1C hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hypertensive rats were treated with hesperidin at 20[Formula: see text]mg/kg or 40[Formula: see text]mg/kg or losartan at 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg beginning at three weeks after surgery and then continued for four weeks ([Formula: see text]/group). Hesperidin reduced blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner in hypertensive rats compared to untreated rats ([Formula: see text]). Increased plasma angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II levels, as well as, upregulated AT1 receptor protein expression in aortic tissues were attenuated in hypertensive rats treated with hesperidin. Hesperidin suppressed oxidative stress markers and NADPH oxidase over-expression, and restored plasma nitric oxide metabolites in 2K-1C rats. This was associated with improvement of the vascular response to acetylcholine in isolated mesenteric vascular beds and aortic rings from 2K-1C rats treated with hesperidin ([Formula: see text]). Enhancement of nerve-mediated vasoconstriction related to high plasma noradrenaline in the 2K-1C group was alleviated by hesperidin treatment ([Formula: see text]). Furthermore, losartan exhibited antihypertensive effects by suppressing the RAS cascade and oxidative stress and improved vascular dysfunction observed in 2K-1C rats ([Formula: see text]). Based on these results, it can be presumed that hesperidin is an antihypertensive agent. Its antihypertensive action might be associated with reducing RAS cascade-induced NOX2 over-expression and sympathoexcitation in 2K-1C hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutamas Wunpathe
- * Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- * Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- * Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- ¶ Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- † Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- * Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- * Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Bunbupha S, Wunpathe C, Maneesai P, Berkban T, Kukongviriyapan U, Kukongviriyapan V, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Carthamus tinctorius L. extract improves hemodynamic and vascular alterations in a rat model of renovascular hypertension through Ang II-AT 1 R-NADPH oxidase pathway. Ann Anat 2018; 216:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Maneesai P, Bunbupha S, Kukongviriyapan U, Senggunprai L, Kukongviriyapan V, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Effect of asiatic acid on the Ang II-AT 1R-NADPH oxidase-NF-κB pathway in renovascular hypertensive rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:1073-1083. [PMID: 28733880 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid, a triterpenoid compound derived from Centella asiatica, has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study evaluated the effects of asiatic acid on hemodynamic alterations, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress, and inflammation in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. Renovascular hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with vehicle, asiatic acid (30 mg/kg/day), or captopril (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. We observed that 2K-1C hypertensive rats exhibited hemodynamic alterations such as high blood pressure, heart rate, hindlimb vascular resistance, and low hindlimb blood flow. Signs of RAS activation, such as increased plasma angiotensin II and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, enhanced AT1R protein expression, and suppressed AT2R expression was observed in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. Overproduction of vascular superoxide, high levels of plasma MDA, low levels of plasma nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and upregulation of gp91phox protein expression were observed in hypertensive rats. Furthermore, inflammation was observed in hypertensive rats, as evidenced by increased plasma TNF-α, NF-κB, and phospho-NF-κB protein expression. Asiatic acid or captopril alleviated hemodynamic alterations, RAS activation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. These findings indicate that asiatic acid is an antihypertensive agent that ameliorates hemodynamic alterations in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. This effect may involve one or both of the following mechanisms: the direct effect of asiatic acid on RAS activation, oxidative stress and inflammation, and/or asiatic acid acting as an ACE inhibitor agent to inhibit the Ang II-AT1R-NADPH oxidase-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Ozatik FY, Kaygisiz B, Erol K. The Role of Cyclooxygenase Enzymes in the Effects of Losartan and Lisinopril on the Contractions of Rat Thoracic Aorta. Eurasian J Med 2017; 49:16-21. [PMID: 28416926 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2017.16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was suggested that prostaglandins which are synthesized by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes contribute to the actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonism and there is an interaction between ACE signaling pathway and COX enzymes. We aim to investigate the role of COX enzymes in the effects of losartan, an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonist or lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, on the contractions of rat thoracic aorta in isolated tissue bath. MATERIALS AND METHODS Responses of losartan (10-6, 10-5, 10-4 M), lisinopril (10-6, 10-5, 10-4 M), and non-selective COX inhibitor dipyrone (10-4, 7 × 10-4, 2 × 10-3 M) alone to the contractions induced by phenylephrine (Phe) (10-7 M), potassium chloride (KCl) (6 × 10-2 M), Ang II (10-8 M) and responses of losartan or lisinopril in combination with dipyrone to the contractions induced by Phe or KCl were recorded. RESULTS When used alone, dipyrone and losartan inhibited Phe, KCl, and Ang II-induced contractions, whereas lisinopril inhibited only Phe and Ang II-induced contractions. Inhibition of COX enzymes (COX-3, COX-3 + COX-1, COX-1+ COX-2 + COX-3 by dipyrone 10-4, 7 × 10-4, 2 × 10-3 M, respectively) augmented the relaxant effects of losartan or lisinopril. Also, dipyrone potentiated the effect of lisinopril on KCl-induced contractions. CONCLUSION We suggest that dipyrone increases the smooth-muscle relaxing effects of losartan or lisinopril and that COX enzyme inhibition may have a role in the enhancement of this relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bilgin Kaygisiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Kevser Erol
- Department of Pharmacology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Chen Y, Meng G, Bai W, Ma Y, Xie L, Altaf N, Qian Y, Han Y, Ji Y. Aliskiren protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury via an endothelial nitric oxide synthase dependent manner. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:266-274. [PMID: 27809355 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Nantong University; Nantong China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine; School of Pharmacy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Wenli Bai
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine; School of Pharmacy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine; School of Pharmacy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine; School of Pharmacy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Naila Altaf
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine; School of Pharmacy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anaesthesia; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Geriatrics; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine; School of Pharmacy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
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Mengal V, Silva PH, Tiradentes RV, Santuzzi CH, de Almeida SA, Sena GC, Bissoli NS, Abreu GR, Gouvea SA. Aliskiren and l-arginine treatments restore depressed baroreflex sensitivity and decrease oxidative stress in renovascular hypertension rats. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:769-776. [PMID: 27383506 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renovascular hypertension is characterized by increased angiotensin II and oxidative stress, and by endothelial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to test whether the administration of aliskiren (ALSK) and l-arginine (l-ARG) would restore impaired baroreflex sensitivity and reduce oxidative stress in a rat renovascular hypertension model. Hypertension was induced by clipping the left renal artery, and the following five groups were created: SHAM; two-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C); 2K1C plus ALSK (ALSK); 2K1C plus l-ARG (l-ARG); and 2K1C plus ALSK+l-ARG (ALSK+l-ARG). After 21 days of treatment, only the ALSK+l-ARG group was effective in normalizing the arterial pressure (108.8±2.8 mm Hg). The l-ARG and ALSK+l-ARG groups did not show hypertrophy of the left ventricle. All the treatments restored the depressed baroreflex sensitivity to values found in the SHAM group. Acute administration of TEMPOL restored the depressed baroreflex sensitivity in the 2K1C group to values that resembled those presented by the other groups. All treatments were effective for an increase in the antioxidant pathway and reduction in the oxidative pathway. In conclusion, the treatment with ALSK or l-ARG reduced oxidative stress and restored reduced baroreflex sensitivity in renovascular hypertension. In addition, the treatments were able to normalize blood pressure and reverse left ventricular hypertrophy when used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Mengal
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hm Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Renata V Tiradentes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Cintia H Santuzzi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Simone A de Almeida
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C Sena
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Nazare S Bissoli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Glaucia R Abreu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Sonia A Gouvea
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.,Nucleus of Biotechnology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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Abuelezz SA, Hendawy N, Osman WM. Aliskiren attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: focus on oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:897-909. [PMID: 27154762 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disorder with high mortality rate and limited successful treatment. This study was designed to assess the potential anti-oxidant and anti-fibrotic effects of aliskiren (Alsk) during bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Male Wistar rats were used as control untreated or treated with the following: a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg of BLM endotracheally and BLM and Alsk (either low dose 30 mg/kg/day or high dose 60 mg/kg/day), and another group was given Alsk 60 mg/kg/day alone. Alsk was given by gavage. Alsk anti-oxidant and anti-fibrotic effects were assessed. BLM significantly increased relative lung weight and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and total and differential leucocytic count in bronchoalveolar lavage that was significantly ameliorated by high-dose Alsk treatment. As markers of oxidative stress, BLM caused a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxides and nitric oxide accompanied with a significant decrease of superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase enzymes. High-dose Alsk treatment restored these markers toward normal values. Alsk counteracted the overexpression of advanced glycation end products, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in lung tissue induced by BLM. Fibrosis assessed by measuring hydroxyproline content, which markedly increased in the BLM group, was also significantly reduced by Alsk. These were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination which revealed that Alsk attenuates signs of pulmonary fibrosis and decreased the overexpressed MMP-9 and transforming growth factor β1. Collectively, these findings indicate that Alsk has a potential anti-fibrotic effect beside its anti-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Abuelezz
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nevien Hendawy
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wesam M Osman
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Massa NML, Silva AS, Toscano LT, Silva JDGR, Persuhn DC, Gonçalves MDCR. Watermelon extract reduces blood pressure but does not change sympathovagal balance in prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects. Blood Press 2016; 25:244-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2016.1150561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Departments of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Therapeutic evaluation of rutin in two-kidney one-clip model of renovascular hypertension in rat. Life Sci 2016; 150:89-94. [PMID: 26920631 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM The current investigation, designed to investigate the role of rutin in two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) induced renovascular dysfunction associated with hypertension in rat. MAIN METHODS The renovascular hypertension was developed by the application of vascular clip on left renal artery in rats; the right kidney was kept as such throughout the experimental protocol. The rutin (200 and 300 mg/kg; p.o.) and aliskiren (50mg/kg; p.o.) were administered for 9 consecutive days. The battery of pathophysiological tests i.e., systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and heart rate were performed to assess the anti-hypertensive effect of rutin. In addition, changes of kidney weight/body weight (KW/BW) ratio along with plasma renin content and renal tissue biomarkers i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBAR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated. KEY FINDINGS The administration of rutin significantly (P<0.05) attenuated the 2K1C of left kidney induced elevated systolic and diastolic pressure in a dose dependent manner. In addition, it also reduces the ratio of KW/BW along with a decrease in plasma renin content, tissue TBARS and increase the GSH levels. There were no significant changes observed in heart rate. Similar results were observed in aliskiren treated group. SIGNIFICANCE The anti-hypertensive effect of rutin may be a useful herbal medicine for the management of hypertension due to its potential free radical scavenging, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and plasma renin inhibitory action.
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Alam MA, Chowdhury MRH, Jain P, Sagor MAT, Reza HM. DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin prevents inflammation and oxidative stress of heart and kidney in two kidney and one clip (2K1C) rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:107. [PMID: 26609328 PMCID: PMC4658771 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance often develop cardiovascular and nephrological dysfunction in diabetic patients. Sitagliptin is used to treat diabetes and showed potential benefit in lowering increased blood glucose level in diabetes. This investigation reports the effect of sitagliptin treatment on oxidative stress in kidney and heart of 2K1C rats. METHODS Male Long Evans rats underwent unilateral surgical stenosis of the renal artery [2-kidney-1-clip (2K1C) method]. These animals entered a 4-weeks dosing period with sitagliptin. Blood and urine sampling and organ harvesting were finally performed. Blood plasma, heart, kidney tissues and urine were tested for the assessment of inflammation and oxidative stress in kidney and heart of 2K1C rats after 4 weeks of surgery. RESULTS 2K1C rats showed cardiac hypertrophy, increased left ventricular wet weight compared to sham which was not significantly altered by sitagliptin treatment. Uric acid and creatinin concentrations were also increased in 2K1C rats. Sitagliptin significantly prevented the elevation of uric acid and creatinin concentration in plasma and urine in this rat model. Oxidative stress markers in plasma such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) concentrations were increased in the 2K1C rats as compared to sham-operated animals. Increased concentrations of these oxidative stress markers were also normalized by sitagliptin treatment. 2K1C rats also showed increased level of uric acid and creatinine both in plasma and urine; which are also reduced to normal level in sitagliptin treated rats. Moreover, 2K1C surgery initiated inflammatory cell infiltration, increased MPO activity and fibrosis in both heart and kidneys which were further ameliorated by sitagliptin treatment. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that sitagliptin treatment in 2K1C rats prevented inflammation and fibrosis of heart and kidney by ameliorating elevated oxidative stress in heart and kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Riaz Hasan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Preeti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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