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Tang Z, Huang G. Extraction, structure, and activity of polysaccharide from Radix astragali. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113015. [PMID: 35468585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix astragali polysaccharide (RAP) is a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide. It is an immune promoter and regulator, and has antivirus, antitumor, anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-stress, anti-oxidation and other activitys. The extraction, separation, purification, structure, activity and modification of RAP were summarized. Some extraction methods of RAP had been introduced, and the separation and purification methods of RAP were reviewed, and the structure and activity of RAP were highly discussed. Current derivatization of RAP was outlined. Through the above discussion that the yield of crude polysaccharides from Radix astragali by enzyme-assisted extraction was significantly higher than that by other extraction methods, but each extraction method had different extraction effects under certain conditions, and the activity efficiency of RAP was also different. Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the extraction method with known better yield for the study of RAP. In addition, the purification and separation of RAP are the key factors affecting the yield and activity of RAP. At the same time, there are still few studies on the derivatiration of Radix astragali polysaccharide, but the researches in this area are very important. RAP also has many important pharmacological effects on human body, but its practical application needs further study. Finally, studies on the structure-activity relationship of RAP still need to be carried out by many scholars. This review would provide some help for further researches on various important applications of RAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Tang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Liu Y, Chen L, Wu H, Zhang H. Delivery of astragalus polysaccharide by ultrasound microbubbles attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rodent animals. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8419-8431. [PMID: 35322740 PMCID: PMC9161865 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2050481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects and probable mechanism of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) combined with astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) model rats. The DCM rats with diabetes and cardiomyopathy were induced via chronic treatment of doxorubicin and then randomly divided into the (1) DCM model group; (2) APS microbubble group; (3) UTMDgroup; and (4) APS microbubbles combined with UTMD group. After 4-week intervention, the fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, %HbA1c level and glucose tolerance of DCM rats received combination therapy were significantly improved as compared with those of UTMD or saline-treated ones. Moreover, the heart/body weight ratio, and myocardial contractility were all improved after receiving combination therapy groups compared with others. In addition, significantly upregulated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as significantly downregulated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were all observed in the ones received combined treatment compared to others. Furthermore, the lipid accumulation and the expression levels of inflammatory factors were all significantly down-regulated in those ones received combination therapy compared with others (all P < 0.05). Further pathological analysis demonstrated that combination therapy effectively ameliorated fibrosis and myocardial morphological changes of DCM rats via activating the upregulation of AMPK and PPAR-γ signaling pathway, and inhibiting NF-κB activity in myocardial tissues of DCM rats. In conclusion, APS microbubbles combined with UTMD effectively protect the myocardial injury of DCM rats via activating AMPK signaling pathway to alleviate inflammation response, fibrosis and oxidative stress in myocardial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hebin Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Du Y, Wan H, Huang P, Yang J, He Y. A critical review of Astragalus polysaccharides: From therapeutic mechanisms to pharmaceutics. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Network Pharmacology-Based Identification of the Mechanisms of Shen-Qi Compound Formula in Treating Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5798764. [PMID: 32595730 PMCID: PMC7292981 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5798764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this research is to identify the mechanisms of Shen-Qi compound formula (SQC), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), for treating diabetes mellitus (DM) using system pharmacology. Methods The active components and therapeutic targets were identified, and these targets were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Finally, an integrated pathway was constructed to show the mechanisms of SQC. Results A total of 282 active components and 195 targets were identified through a database search. The component-target network was constructed, and the key components were screened out according to their degree. Through the GO, PPI, and KEGG analyses, the mechanism network of SQC treating DM was constructed. Conclusions This study shows that the mechanisms of SQC treating DM are related to various pathways and targets. This study provides a good foundation and basis for further in-depth verification and clinical application.
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Yang X, Zhu X, Tang X, Liu M, Zheng H, Zheng L. Astragalus polysaccharides meliorate cardiovascular dysfunction in iron-overloaded thalassemic mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1202-1209. [PMID: 31514541 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219876540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Eugenics and Genetics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhu
- Department of Eugenics and Genetics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Xianying Tang
- Department of Eugenics and Genetics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Eugenics and Genetics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Department of Eugenics and Genetics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Eugenics and Genetics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Guiyang 550003, China
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Sun Q, Wu X, Wang H, Chen W, Zhao X, Yang Y, Chen W. Protective Effects Of Astragalus Polysaccharides On Oxidative Stress In High Glucose-Induced Or SOD2-Silenced H9C2 Cells Based On PCR Array Analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2209-2220. [PMID: 31695464 PMCID: PMC6821059 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s228351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes is an important pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Previously, we reported that astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has protective effects against the oxidative stress of DCM. This study aimed to determine the effect of APS on the oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia in H9C2 cells. METHODS Rat H9C2 cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into the control group, HG group, APS-HG group, siRNASOD2 group, and APS-siRNASOD2 group. The cellular ultrastructure was measured by transmission electron microscopy. Cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by a quantitative fluorescence assay (DHE). 8-OH-dG and nitrotyrosine, the indicators of oxidative stress injury, were detected by immunohistochemistry. A PCR array was used to evaluate the expression levels of 84 oxidative stress genes in cultured cells, and the PCR array results were partially verified by Western blot. RESULTS APS treatment protected the H9C2 cell ultrastructure, reduced the level of cell apoptosis, inhibited cellular ROS production, and reduced the levels of oxidative stress injury indicators 8-OH-dG and nitrotyrosine in high glucose-induced or SOD2-silenced H9C2 cells. It also altered oxidative stress-related genes at the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSION APS may improve antioxidant capacity and inhibit oxidative stress injury in high glucose induced H9C2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuelan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yehong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
- Yehong Yang Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wu-lu-mu-qi Road, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 21 5288999 Email
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wei Chen Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wu-lu-mu-qi Road, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 21 5288999 ext 7190 Email
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Chen W, Sun Q, Ju J, Chen W, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Yang Y. Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharides on Cardiac Dysfunction in db/db Mice with Respect to Oxidant Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8359013. [PMID: 30581869 PMCID: PMC6276493 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8359013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidant stress plays an important role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Previously we reported that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) rescued heart dysfunction and cardinal pathological abnormalities in diabetic mice. In the current study, we determined whether the effect of APS on diabetic cardiomyopathy was associated with its impact on oxidant stress. METHODS Db/db diabetic mice were employed and administered with APS. The hematodynamics, cardiac ultra-structure, apoptosis, and ROS formation of myocardium were assessed. The cardiac protein expression of apoptosis target genes (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) and oxidation target genes (Gpx, SOD2, t/p-JNK, catalase, t/p-p38 MAPK, and t/p-ERK) were evaluated, respectively. RESULTS APS therapy improved hematodynamics and cardinal ultra-structure with reduced apoptosis and ROS formation in db/db hearts. In addition, APS therapy inhibited the protein expression of apoptosis target genes (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) and regulated the protein expression of oxidation target genes (enhancing Gpx, SOD2, and catalase, while reducing t/p-JNK, t/p-ERK, and t/p-p38 MAPK) in db/db hearts. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that APS has benefits in diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may be partly associated with its impact on cardiac oxidant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qilin Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Ju
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xuelan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yehong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Chang X, Lu K, Wang L, Lv M, Fu W. Astraglaus polysaccharide protects diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating NRG1/ErbB pathway. Biosci Trends 2018; 12:149-156. [PMID: 29607874 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the main cardiac complications among diabetic patients. According to previous studies, the pathogenesis of DCM is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and proliferation of local cardiac cells. It showed, NRG1 can improve the function of mitochondria, and thereby, increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis of cardiac muscle cell via ErbB/AKT signaling, also, exert antioxidative function. Besides, NRG1/ErbB pathway was impaired in the DCM model which suggested this signaling played key role in DCM. Astraglaus polysaccharide (APS), one of the active components of Astragalus mongholicus, showed striking antioxidative effect. Here, in this study, our data showed that APS can promote proliferation and decrease apoptosis in AGE-induced DCM cell model, besides, APS can decrease intracellular ROS level, increase activity of SOD, GSH-Px and lower level of MDA and NO in DCM cell model, indicating APS exerted antioxidative function in DCM model cells. Besides, western blot results revealed APS induced NRG1 expressing and the phosphorylation level of ErbB2/4. In addition, the elevated NRG1 promoted AKT and PI3k phosphorylation which indicated APS may exert its function by NRG1/ErbB and the downstream AKT/PI3K signaling. Canertinib is ErbB inhibitor. The effect of APS on proliferation, apoptosis, antioxidation and NRG1/ErbB pathway was partly abolished after the cells were co-treated with APS and canertinib. Taken together, these results suggested APS may display its protective function in DCM cells by activating NGR1/ErbB signaling pathway. And our study increased potential for prevention and therapy to DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chang
- Department of intensive care unit, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Kang Lu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of intensive care unit, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Min Lv
- Department of intensive care unit, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Wenjun Fu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
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Qin X, Qiao H, Wu S, Cheng J, Wan Q, Liu R. Curcumin Inhibits Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression in TNF-α induced Astrocytes Through AMPK Pathway. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:775-784. [PMID: 29460119 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a phenolic pigment, plays an inhibitory role in astrocytes activation, a key step for neuropathic pain (NP). The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism behind the therapeutic effect of Curcumin on NP in vitro. Specifically, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Curcumin on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced astrocyte migration. We also studied the effects of Curcumin on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) expression and activity, as well as super oxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) expression and activity in TNF-α-induced astrocytes. Additionally, we investigated whether the adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling (AMPK) pathway was involved in this process. Our data demonstrated that Curcumin inhibited TNF-α-induced astrocytes migration, decreased MCP-1 expression, and up-regulated SOD2 expression in TNF-α-induced astrocytes in vitro. Our study also indicated that this process was mediated through the AMPK signaling pathway, as addition of Curcumin significantly increased the level of phosphorylated AMPK protein. Furthermore, the specific AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-D-ribofuranoside) mimicked the effects of Curcumin, whereas a selective AMPK inhibitor Compound C (also called dorsomorphin) partially blocked its function. These results could shed light on understanding of the molecular basis for the inhibition of Curcumin on MCP-1 expression during the process of astrocyte activation, and provide a molecular mechanism for using Curcumin in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Qin
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Haowen Qiao
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Songlin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Renzhong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Chen W, Sun Q, Ju J, Chen W, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Yang Y. Astragalus polysaccharides inhibit oxidation in high glucose-challenged or SOD2-silenced H9C2 cells. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:673-681. [PMID: 30425545 PMCID: PMC6204861 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s177269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of diabetic cardio-myopathy (DCM). Previously, we reported that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) improved DCM by inhibition of cardiac oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial effect of APS on high glucose-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS H9C2 cells were cultured in the presence of high concentration of glucose or transfected with siRNASOD2, followed by APS treatment. The cellular mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed using a transmission electron microscope. Cell apoptosis was detected using hairpin oligonucleotide probes and quantified by flow cytometry analysis. Superoxide production was determined by immunohistochemistry using the fluorescent dye dihydroethidium (DHE). Nitrotyrosine and 8-OH-dG antibodies were employed to detect oxidative damage to cytoplasmic proteins and oxidative stress in the nuclei, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured utilizing the SOD Assay Kit, and SOD protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS APS treatment protected cellular mitochondrial ultrastructure, reduced cell apoptosis (hairpin-1), inhibited cellular superoxide production (DHE), and reduced oxidative damage to cytoplasmic proteins (nitrotyrosine) and oxidative stress in the nuclei (8-OH-dG) in high glucose-induced and/or SOD2-silenced H9C2 cells, together with induction of SOD2 enzyme activity and increase of protein levels. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated the beneficial effect of APS on high glucose-challenged H9C2 cells, which was associated with inhibition of oxidative stress in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China,
| | - Qilin Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China,
| | - Jing Ju
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China,
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China,
| | - Xuelan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China,
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China,
| | - Yehong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China,
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