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Yin Y, Xu J, Ilyas I, Xu S. Bioactive Flavonoids in Protecting Against Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38755351 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease closely associated with factors such as hyperlipidaemia and chronic inflammation. Among them, endothelial dysfunction serves as a major predisposing factor. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is manifested by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, enhanced oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, leukocyte adhesion and hyperpermeability, endothelial senescence, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Flavonoids are known for their antioxidant activity, eliminating oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, reducing platelet aggregation, alleviating ischemic damage, and improving vascular function. Flavonoids have also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity and to protect the cardiovascular system. This review focuses on the protective effects of these naturally-occuring bioactive flavonoids against the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis through their effects on endothelial cells including, but not limited to, their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and lipid-lowering properties. However, more clinical evidences are still needed to determine the exact role and optimal dosage of these compounds in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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2
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Chang TM, Chi MC, Chiang YC, Lin CM, Fang ML, Lee CW, Liu JF, Kou YR. Promotion of ROS-mediated apoptosis, G2/M arrest, and autophagy by naringenin in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:1093-1109. [PMID: 38322119 PMCID: PMC10845293 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.85443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: As lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, the development of new medicines is a crucial endeavor. Naringenin, a flavanone derivative, possesses anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties and has been reported to have cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells. The current study investigated the underlying molecular mechanism by which naringenin induces cell death in lung cancer. Methods: The expression of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy markers in H1299 and A459 lung cancer cells was evaluated using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay (TUNEL), Western blot, Annexin V/PI stain, PI stain, acridine orange staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using fluorescence microscopy, DALGreen was used to observe the degradation of p62, a GFP-LC3 plasmid was used to evaluate puncta formation, and a pcDNA3-GFP-LC3-RFP-LC3ΔG plasmid was used to evaluate autophagy flux. Furthermore, the anti-cancer effect of naringenin was evaluated in a subcutaneous H1299 cell xenograft model. Results: Naringenin treatment of lung cancer cells (H1299 and A459) reduced cell viability and induced cell cycle arrest. Pretreatment of cells with ROS scavengers (N-acetylcysteine or catalase) suppressed the naringenin-induced cleavage of apoptotic protein and restored cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Naringenin also triggered autophagy by mediating ROS generation, thereby activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. ROS inhibition not only inhibited naringenin-induced autophagic puncta formation but also decreased the ratio of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3 II (LC3II)/LC3I and activity of the AMPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, naringenin suppressed tumor growth and promoted apoptosis in the xenograft mouse model. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the potent anti-cancer effects of naringenin on lung cancer cells, thereby providing valuable insights for developing small-molecule drugs that can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ming Chang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Fang
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan
- Super Micro Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ru Kou
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
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3
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Liao G, Liu W, Dai Y, Shi X, Liu Y, Li D, Xu T. Beneficial effects of flavonoids on animal models of atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience 2023; 26:108337. [PMID: 38026172 PMCID: PMC10665821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases that seriously endanger human health. The existing treatment drugs are effective, but they have some side effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have attracted wide attention due to their multiple cardioprotective effects and fewer side effects. PubMed, Web of Science database, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies evaluating the effects of flavonoids against atherosclerosis. 119 studies published from August 1954 to April 2023 were included. Random-effects models were performed for synthesis. Compared with the control group, flavonoids significantly reduced longitudinal and cross-sectional plaque area. The findings indicated that flavonoids significantly reduced the concentrations of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased serum HDL-C concentrations. Besides, flavonoids reduced the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increased the serum IL-10 level. This study provides evidence for the potential cardiovascular benefits of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yiming Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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He J, Deng Y, Ren L, Jin Z, Yang J, Yao F, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Chen D, Wang B, Zhang Y, Nan G, Wang W, Lin R. Isoliquiritigenin from licorice flavonoids attenuates NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by SIRT6 in vascular endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115952. [PMID: 36442759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE Licorice is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies found that supplementation with licorice extracts attenuated the development of atherosclerosis (AS) in hypercholesterolemic patients. Many studies have shown that licorice flavonoids, the main active components of licorice, have a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammation, regulation of lipid metabolism, and antioxidation. However, the key active components against AS in licorice flavonoids are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this paper is to investigate the active components of licorice flavonoids that exert anti-atherosclerotic effects and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology was used to screen the active components of licorice flavonoids that have anti-atherosclerotic effects. Combining bioinformatics analysis and in vitro studies, the effects and underlying mechanisms of the active component isoliquiritigenin (ISL) on cell pyroptosis were further investigated in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS We constructed a compound-target network and screened 3 active components, namely, ISL, glabridin, and naringenin in licorice flavonoids. The half maximal effective concentration values of these 3 components suggested that ISL was the key active component against TNF-α-induced endothelial cell injury. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that ISL could potentially treat AS via the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway. An in vitro study verified that ISL suppressed TNF-α-induced NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis in HUVECs. The molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay showed good compatibility between ISL and class III histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6). Moreover, we found that ISL upregulated the expression of SIRT6 in TNF-α-treated HUVECs. Further study found that SIRT6 knockdown reduced the inhibitory effect of ISL on pyroptosis, whereas the NLRP3 inhibitor reversed this process in TNF-α-treated HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that ISL is a key active component of licorice flavonoids. ISL attenuates NLRP3-mediated vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis via SIRT6, and SIRT6 may be a potential target of ISL for the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lingxuan Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yizhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Danli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yirong Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guanjun Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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5
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Zhi W, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang H. Recent advances of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115749. [PMID: 36181983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common systemic disease with increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with characteristics of multiple pathways and targets, presents advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. AIM OF THE STUDY With the modernization of TCM, the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of TCM for AS treatment have been gradually revealed. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the existing studies on TCM therapies aimed at regulating AS over the past two decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using "atherosclerosis" and "Traditional Chinese medicine" as keywords, all relevant TCM literature published in the last 10 years was collected from electronic databases (such as Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science), books and papers until March 2022, and the critical information was statistically analyzed. RESULTS In this review, we highlighted extracts of 8 single herbs, a total of 41 single active ingredients, 20 TCM formulae, and 25 patented drugs, which were described with chemical structure, source, model, efficacy and potential mechanism. CONCLUSION We summarized the cytopathological basis for the development of atherosclerosis involving vascular endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, and categorically elaborated the medicinal TCM used for AS, all of which provide the current evidence on the better management of atherosclerosis by TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhi
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
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6
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Wang S, Yuan R, Liu M, Zhang Y, Jia B, Ruan J, Shen J, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang T. Targeting autophagy in atherosclerosis: Advances and therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds from herbal medicines and natural products. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113712. [PMID: 36130420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common causes of cardiovascular disease characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arterial wall, and it has become a dominant public health problem that seriously threaten people worldwide. Autophagy is a cellular self-catabolism process, which is critical to protect cellular homeostasis against harmful conditions. Emerging evidence suggest that dysregulated autophagy is involved in the development of AS. Therefore, pharmacological interventions have been developed to inhibit the AS via autophagy induction. Among various AS treating methods, herbal medicines and natural products have been applied as effective complementary and alternative medicines to ameliorate AS and its associated cardiovascular disease. Recently, mounting evidence revealed that natural bioactive compounds from herbs and natural products could induce autophagy to suppress the occurrence and development of AS, by promoting cholesterol efflux, reducing plaque inflammation, and inhibiting apoptosis or senescence. In the present review, we highlight recent findings regarding possible effects and molecular mechanism of natural compounds in autophagy-targeted mitigation of atherosclerosis, aiming to provide new potential therapeutic strategies for the atherosclerosis treatment preclinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruolan Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bona Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingya Ruan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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7
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Yousuf M, Shamsi A, Khan S, Khan P, Shahwan M, Elasbali AM, Haque QMR, Hassan MI. Naringenin as a potential inhibitor of human cyclin-dependent kinase 6: Molecular and structural insights into anti-cancer therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:944-954. [PMID: 35690164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of global deaths and needs immediate therapeutic development. So far, several strategies have been undertaken to prevent cancer, including kinase targeting by small-molecule inhibitors. Cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) plays an essential role in cancer progression and development as its overexpression is associated with tumor development and progression. The present study demonstrated that Naringenin (NAG) binds strongly to CDK6 with a binding affinity of -7.51 kcal/mol. ATPase assay of CDK6 in the presence of NAG shows that it inhibits CDK6 with an IC50 = 3.13 μM. Fluorescence and isothermal titration calorimetry studies demonstrated that NAG binds to CDK6 with the binding constant (K) values of 3.55 × 106 M-1 and 7.06 ± 2.70 × 106 M-1, respectively. The cell-based functional studies showed that NAG decreases the cell viability of human cancer cell lines, induces apoptosis, and reduces their colonization ability. Outcomes of the present in silico and in vitro studies highlighted the significance of NAG for the development of anti-cancer leads in terms of CDK6 inhibitors and provided future implications for combinatorial anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yousuf
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shama Khan
- Vaccines and Infectious Disease Analytics (VIDA), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Parvez Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi-Libya.
| | | | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Singh S, Sharma A, Monga V, Bhatia R. Compendium of naringenin: potential sources, analytical aspects, chemistry, nutraceutical potentials and pharmacological profile. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8868-8899. [PMID: 35357240 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2056726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin is flavorless, water insoluble active principle belonging to flavanone subclass. It exhibits a diverse pharmacological profile as well as divine nutraceutical values. Although several researchers have explored this phytoconstituent to evaluate its promising properties, still it has not gained recognition at therapeutic levels and more clinical investigations are still required. Also the neutraceutical potential has limited marketed formulations. This compilation includes the description of reported therapeutic potentials of naringenin in variety of pathological conditions alongwith the underlying mechanisms. Details of various analytical investigations carried on this molecule have been provided along with brief description of chemistry and structural activity relationship. In the end, various patents filed and clinical trial data has been provided. Naringenin has revealed promising pharmacological activities including cardiovascular diseases, neuroprotection, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet activity. It has been marketed in the form of nanoformulations, co-crystals, solid dispersions, tablets, capsules and inclusion complexes. It is also available in various herbal formulations as nutraceutical supplement. There are some pharmacokinetic issue with naringenin like poor absorption and low dissolution rate. Although these issues have been sorted out upto certain extent still further research to investigate the bioavailability of naringenin from herbal supplements and its clinical efficacy is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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9
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Naringenin affords protection against lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure: Role of autophagy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 717:109121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Chen CP, Wu YL, Chan KC, Ho HH, Wang CJ, Hsu LS. Mulberry polyphenols ameliorate atherogenic migration and proliferation by degradation of K-Ras and downregulation of its signals in vascular smooth muscle cell. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1557-1566. [PMID: 36185329 PMCID: PMC9515686 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.76006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-proliferation and increased migration of vascular smooth cells con-tribute to the formation of atherosclerosis. Ras small G proteins play a critical role in the prolif-eration and migration of a wide range of cells. Mulberry, an economic fruit in Asia, exhibits anti-inflammation, anti-migration, and anti-oxidant properties. The mechanisms of action of mulberry extracts on K-Ras small G protein-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cell have not been extensively investigated. In this study, we explored the effects of mulberry polyphenol extracts (MPE) on the proliferation and migration of K-Ras-overexpressing A7r5 smooth muscle cells. The overexpression of K-Ras enhanced the ex-pression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, promoted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, and eventually triggered the migration of A7r5 cells. Treatment with MPE attenuated K-Ras-induced phenomenon. In addition, MPE blocked K-Ras-induced actin fibril stress. MPE dose-dependently diminished K-Ras-induced Rho A, Rac1, CDC42, and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression. MPE elevated Rho B ex-pression. Phosphorylated AKT and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) induced by K-Ras were also repressed by MPE treatment. MPE enhanced the interaction of IκB with NFκB. MPE restored the G0/G1 population and p21 and p27 expressions, which were repressed by K-Ras. Finally, MPE triggered the degradation of K-Ras by ubiquitination. MPE inhibited the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth cell through K-Ras-induced pathways and eventually pre-vented atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Pei Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Surgical Department, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Liang Wu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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11
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Zhang L, Chi J, Chen J, Jiang S, Wu D. Effects of swimming on the development of atherosclerosis in mice. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13759-13767. [PMID: 35035714 PMCID: PMC8748149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of swimming on the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and the corresponding mechanism. METHODS 20 ApoE-deficient young male mice of SFP grade were assigned equally into two groups: atherosclerosis group and swimming group. Atherosclerosis models were established by feeding with high cholesterol diet. Swimming exercise was performed at a frequency of 90 min per day, 6 days per weeks for 10 weeks. The weight index, histologic changes of aorta area, blood lipid levels, expression levels of eNOS, tNOS and iNOS, expression levels of MMP-9 and MMP-14, inflammatory factor levels, and oxidative stress status were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Compared to the atherosclerosis group, the plaque area, plaque rupture rates, and vulnerable index in the aorta of the swimming group were significantly less and the fibrous cap thickness was greater. The weight of mice and serum lipid levels in the swimming group were superior. In addition, in contrast to atherosclerosis group, mRNA expression levels of eNOS, tNOS, iNOS, and SOD in the swimming group were signifiantly elevated, while the levels of MMP-9, MMP-14 and MDA, and serum levels of IL-6, Lp-PLA2, and TNF-α were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION Swimming exercise significantly decreases the development of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-deficient mice, possibly due to a reduction in the expression of blood lipid, MMP-9, MMP-14, MDA, IL-6, Lp-PLA2, and TNF-α and elevation in the expression of eNOS, tNOS, iNOS, and SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longpu Zhang
- China Basketball College, Beijing Sport UniversityBeijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Chi
- China Basketball College, Beijing Sport UniversityBeijing 100084, China
| | - Junxia Chen
- Art and Sports Teaching and Research Office, School of Humanities and Economic Management, China Agricultural University (Yantai)Yantai 264670, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shiqin Jiang
- Competitive Sports Division, Shandong Shooting Bicycle Sport Management CenterJinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Di Wu
- China Basketball College, Beijing Sport UniversityBeijing 100084, China
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