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Caye P, Rappeti JCDS, Perera SC, Segat HJ, Vives PS, Braga FDVA, Cleff MB, Meinerz ARM, Cavalcanti GADO, Milech V, Antunes BN, Müller DCDM, Brun MV. Nephrectomy in 52 dogs for the treatment of Dioctophyme renale infection - Knowing the enemy to win. Top Companion Anim Med 2024; 58:100828. [PMID: 37890579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Dioctophyme renale (D. renale) is a nematode that parasitizes the kidney of mammals. Treatment is often surgical, with removal of the affected organ. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and surgical aspects, the interval between diagnosis and treatment, the occurrence of pre- and intraoperative complications, and the postoperative survival time of dogs parasitized by D. renale undergoing therapeutic nephrectomy. Records of fifty-two dogs treated in a single hospital service were analyzed. We collected epidemiological data, laboratory results, diagnostic method, anesthetic protocol, surgical technique and time, type of antimicrobial prophylaxis, pre- and intraoperative complications, location and number of parasites, and postoperative survival time. Of the 52 dogs undergoing right nephrectomy by laparotomy, 61.5 % were female and 63.4 % were adults. Although the most common clinical sign was hematuria (25 %), 61.5 % of the patients were asymptomatic. Eosinophilia and increased serum urea were the only laboratory changes found. The interval between diagnosis and surgery was 27.4 ± 23 days and no patient showed changes suggestive of surgical emergency. The most common surgical approach was the right paracostal (61.5 %), and a continuous suture pattern was predominant. Intraoperative complications occurred in 9.6 % of the procedures, varying from mild to severe hemorrhage. Mean postoperative survival was 835.5 ± 428 days. Dioctophymosis was effectively controlled by nephrectomy of the affected kidney, allowing a mean survival of more than 830 days. No serious complications caused by intervals between diagnosis and treatment have been reported. This is the largest retrospective study evaluating dogs infected with D. renale that were surgically treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Caye
- Post-graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, University Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Hecson Jesser Segat
- Post-graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Vives
- Veterinary Clinics Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Marlete Brum Cleff
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Mano Meinerz
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Milech
- Post-graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, University Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Nascimento Antunes
- Post-graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, University Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Veloso Brun
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; CNPq Research Productivity Scholarship - Level 1C (3304353/2021-3)
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Russo ZH, Callirgos JC, García-Ayachi A, Wetzel EJ. REVIEW OF DIOCTOPHYME RENALE: ETIOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, BIOLOGY, ECOEPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, SYMPTOMATOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION. J Parasitol 2022; 108:180-191. [PMID: 35377438 DOI: 10.1645/21-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioctophyme renale has a worldwide distribution and has been diagnosed in several wild and domestic animals as well as in humans. As numerous reports in the literature exist concerning the presence of D. renale in different animal species, as well as its diagnosis, treatment, and confirmation in new geographic areas, we reviewed existing information to contribute to the knowledge of the etiology, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of D. renale. Results of dioctophymosis may range from asymptomatic infection to even death of the host. Diagnosis is based on data from morphology, imaging, and antibody testing, with surgical treatment being the most effective. A high potential for infection of pets exists when there is overlap with wild parasitized animals; given common risk factors for infections in humans, D. renale should be considered as having zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zully Hernández Russo
- Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cenur Litoral Norte Salto, University of the Republic. Rivera 1350 Salto, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Cárdenas Callirgos
- NEOPARNET (Neotropical Parasitology Research Network) - APHIA (Asociación Peruana de Helmintología e Invertebrados Afines), Lima, Perú
| | - Alberto García-Ayachi
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Sargento Lores 385, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Eric J Wetzel
- Global Health Initiative and Department of Biology, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933
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de Freitas Tancredi MG, Tancredi IP, de Oliveira LJ, de Oliveira AL, Braga ÍA, Saturnino KC, Ramos DGDS. Occurrence of ectopic Dioctophyma renale in a Bolivian dog. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2021; 25:100604. [PMID: 34474797 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This is the first scientific report of the ectopic occurrence of Dioctophyma renale in subcutaneous tissue of a domestic dog's paw from Bolivia. An 18-month-old male dog (Pug) from Bolivia (San Matías) was examined on September 15, 2020 presenting limited mobility and apparent swelling in the left pelvic limb. After clinic evaluation, left foot edema was observed from tibio-tarsal to metatarsophalangeal joints which was more pronounced on the dorsolateral face. An incision at the site revealed serosanguinous exudation associated with a wide reddish nematode, which was identified as a female Dioctophyma renale. Epidemiological considerations were highlighted as this disease has zoonotic potential, and the infected dog was kept in a yard to which amphibians (Anura) and reptiles had access. Moreover, there is a lack of information on its occurrence in San Matías, a border city with Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Philippo Tancredi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT 78550-728, Brazil
| | - Luiz Joel de Oliveira
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT 78550-728, Brazil
| | - Allison Luiz de Oliveira
- Veterinary Medicine College, University Center of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS 79824-900, Brazil
| | - Ísis Assis Braga
- Academic Unity of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, GO 75801-615, Brazil
| | - Klaus Casaro Saturnino
- Academic Unity of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, GO 75801-615, Brazil
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Carra Perera S, Silveira Mascarenhas C, Brum Cleff M, Müller G, da Silva Rappeti JC. Dioctophimosis: A Parasitic Zoonosis of Public Health Importance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1306:129-142. [PMID: 33959911 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63908-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dioctophyme renale, the giant kidney worm, is a renal nematode from domestic and wild mammals that has zoonotic potential. In humans, dioctophimosis has been reported in several countries, mainly on the Asian continent, totaling more than 40 cases, which describe the parasite mainly infecting the kidneys, bladder, urethra and skin. Infection in animals and humans is related to the ingestion of the infective larva (L3) present in the aquatic oligochaete annelid (mandatory intermediate host) or fish and anurans (facultative paratenic hosts). Thus, the infection is related to the habit of drinking water contaminated with the mandatory intermediate host, as well as raw or undercooked meat from the facultative paratenic hosts. Dioctophimosis destroys the renal parenchyma and, in some cases, can cause the death of its hosts. In this chapter, we discuss the main topics regarding dioctophimosis in humans, domestic and wild animals, highlighting its importance in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soliane Carra Perera
- Group of Research, Teaching and Extension in Natural Products in the Veterinary Medical Clinic (FITOPEET), Department of Veterinary Clinics, Veterinary College, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Silveira Mascarenhas
- Wild Animal Parasitology Laboratory (LAPASIL), Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marlete Brum Cleff
- Group of Research, Teaching and Extension in Natural Products in the Veterinary Medical Clinic (FITOPEET), Department of Veterinary Clinics, Veterinary College, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gertrud Müller
- Wild Animal Parasitology Laboratory (LAPASIL), Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Josaine Cristina da Silva Rappeti
- Project Dioctophyme renale in Dogs and Cats (PRODIC), Department of Veterinary Clinics, Veterinary College, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Eiras J, Zhu XQ, Yurlova N, Pedrassani D, Yoshikawa M, Nawa Y. Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymidae) parasitic in mammals other than humans: A comprehensive review. Parasitol Int 2020; 81:102269. [PMID: 33340657 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the infection of mammals with the nematode Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymidae) is presented. Mammals, including man, are the definitive hosts for this parasite. Several aspects of the infection with the parasite in mammals other than humans are critically evaluated: geographical distribution, host species recorded so far and the relative importance of the different hosts, location of parasites within the host, prevalence and intensity of the infection, diagnostic methods, pathology induced by the parasites, epidemiology and the methods of control and treatment. The authors provide an updated review about the infection, based on a extensive bibliographic search worldwide, and point out the most relevant aspects of the biology of the parasite as well as several research topics which need to be explored for a better understanding of the biology of this interesting and important parasitic nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Eiras
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province 0308021, People's Republic of China
| | - Natalia Yurlova
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daniela Pedrassani
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Contestado (UnC), Rua Roberto Ehlke, 86, CEP 89460-000 Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Masahide Yoshikawa
- Department of Parasitology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yukifumi Nawa
- Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Caye P, Aguiar ESVD, Andrades JDL, Neves KRD, Rondelli MCH, Braga FDVA, Grecco FB, Kaiser JF, Rappeti JCDS. Report of rare case of intense parasitism by 34 specimens of Dioctophyme renale in a dog. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e011820. [PMID: 33111844 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dioctophymosis is caused by Dioctophyme renale, a nematode that usually affects the right kidney of carnivores. The aim of this study was to report on a case of a dog with progressive weight loss and swollen abdomen that was diagnosed as presenting dioctophymosis. The patient underwent surgical treatment through which 34 nematodes were found, of which 18 were female and 16 were male, with a maximum length of 74 centimeters. The parasites were free in the abdominal cavity and inside the right kidney, and had caused peritonitis, free fluid, severe adherences between the abdominal organs and renal perforation. Parasitic diseases with a high number of specimens of this species are uncommon in dogs. The disease progresses with an inflammatory reaction and consequent formation of adherences and granulomatous tissue. This surrounds the eggs that were eliminated in the abdominal cavity by the free parasites. This disease occurs frequently in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where the patient of this report was living. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the case with the largest number of specimens of D. renale removed from a single dog in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Caye
- Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Joseana de Lima Andrades
- Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Katiellen Ribeiro das Neves
- Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Fabiane Borelli Grecco
- Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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Ectopic infection by Dioctophyme renale in a dog from Georgia, USA, and a review of cases of ectopic dioctophymosis in companion animals in the Americas. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2018; 14:111-116. [PMID: 31014715 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of ectopic dioctophymosis in an outdoor, eight-year-old spayed female, Coonhound-mix dog from Murrayville, Hall County, Georgia, USA. The dog presented to the clinic with an apparent puncture wound on her right, most caudal mammary gland, draining a serosanguinous discharge along with significant edema and thickening of the surrounding tissues. After initial physical examination the dog was placed into a cage awaiting diagnostic procedures. A couple of hours later, a bright red, live nematode was found in the bottom of the cage and submitted to the Parasitology Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases of the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. The specimen was morphologically identified as a female Dioctophyme renale, measuring 30 cm in length. The wound was cleaned with chlorhexidine solution. The patient was started on cefpodoxime 100 mg orally, once daily for 10 days. The dog had recent history of a mammary tumor on the left chain. After a week, an ultrasound examination confirmed integrity of the kidneys. Herein, we also provide a review on cases of ectopic dioctophymosis in companion animals in the Americas. Such cases are not uncommon, and nematodes may be found in various organs and tissues including the abdominal and thoracic cavities, scrotum, uterus, and mammary glands.
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Trindade MAC, Macedo MRPD, Muller G. Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) in Leopardus geoffroyi (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Neotropical region. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2018; 27:223-225. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Parasitic diseases affecting wild carnivores remain largely unknown or poorly described. Dioctophymosis is a parasitosis caused by the nematode Dioctophyme renale that is found worldwide. It affects domestic and wild animals and has been reported frequently in Brazil. This paper reports dioctophymosis in a wild felid for the first time.
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