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Pecori A, Luppieri V, Santin A, Spedicati B, Zampieri S, Cadenaro M, Girotto G, Concas MP. Clenching the Strings of Bruxism Etiopathogenesis: Association Analyses on Genetics and Environmental Risk Factors in a Deeply Characterized Italian Cohort. Biomedicines 2024; 12:304. [PMID: 38397906 PMCID: PMC10887134 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bruxism is a worldwide oral health problem. Although there is a consensus about its multifactorial nature, its precise etiopathogenetic mechanisms are unclear. This study, taking advantage of a deeply characterized cohort of 769 individuals (aged 6-89 years) coming from Northern Italy's genetically isolated populations, aims to epidemiologically describe environmental risk factors for bruxism development and identify genes potentially involved through a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) approach. Logistic mixed models adjusted for age and sex were performed to evaluate associations between bruxism and possible risk factors, e.g., anxiety, smoking, and alcohol and caffeine intake. A case-control GWAS (135 cases, 523 controls), adjusted for age, sex, and anxiety, was conducted to identify new candidate genes. The GTEx data analysis was performed to evaluate the identified gene expression in human body tissues. Statistical analyses determined anxiety as a bruxism risk factor (OR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.20-5.38; p-value = 0.015), and GWAS highlighted three novel genes potentially associated with bruxism: NLGN1 (topSNP = rs2046718; p-value = 2.63 × 10-7), RIMBP2 (topSNP = rs571497947; p-value = 4.68 × 10-7), and LHFP (topSNP = rs2324342; p-value = 7.47 × 10-6). The GTEx data analysis showed their expression in brain tissues. Overall, this work provided a deeper understanding of bruxism etiopathogenesis with the long-term perspective of developing personalized therapeutic approaches for improving affected individuals' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pecori
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Valentina Luppieri
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aurora Santin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Spedicati
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Zampieri
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Milena Cadenaro
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
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Chattrattrai T, Aarab G, Su N, Blanken TF, Mitrirattanakul S, Lobbezoo F. The association of self-reported awake bruxism and sleep bruxism with temporomandibular pain and dysfunction in adult patients with temporomandibular disorders. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7501-7511. [PMID: 37864603 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of the severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) pain and dysfunction with the frequency of self-reported awake bruxism (AB), sleep bruxism (SB), and stress in an adult TMD-patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 237 TMD patients based on the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. Age, sex, frequency of self-reported AB and SB, and stress were included as independent variables. TMD pain and TMD dysfunction were included as dependent variables in regression analyses. Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to predict TMD pain and TMD dysfunction in two separate models. Finally, network analysis was performed to investigate the associations between all variables. RESULTS In the univariate analyses, TMD pain was significantly associated with self-reported AB-frequent (unstandardized coefficient (B) = 3.196, 95%CI 1.198-5.195, p = 0.002). TMD dysfunction was significantly associated with AB-frequent (B = 2.208, 95%CI 0.177-4.238, p = 0.033) and SB-sometimes (B = 1.698, 95%CI 0.001-3.394, p = 0.050). In the multivariable analyses, TMD pain was significantly associated with TMD dysfunction (B = 0.370, p < 0.001), stress (B=0.102, p < 0.001). TMD dysfunction was significantly associated with TMD pain (B = 0.410, p < 0.001) only. Network analysis showed that TMD pain is a bridge factor between AB, stress, and TMD dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS TMD pain is directly associated with AB, stress, and TMD dysfunction, while TMD dysfunction is only associated with TMD pain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reducing pain may improve pain-related dysfunction, and the management of AB and stress may improve TMD pain and dysfunction, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiprawee Chattrattrai
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Masticatory Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ghizlane Aarab
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Naichuan Su
- Department of Oral Public Health, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa F Blanken
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Somsak Mitrirattanakul
- Department of Masticatory Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Martynowicz H, Lavigne G, Kato T, Poreba R, Michalek-Zrabkowska M, Macek P, Gac P, Wojakowska A, Surowiak P, Mazur G, Wieckiewicz M. A case-control study on the effect of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) clusters on sleep fragmentation and severity of orofacial muscle pain in sleep bruxism. J Sleep Res 2023:e14072. [PMID: 37859534 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) is a periodic muscle activity that characterises sleep bruxism (SB) events. These can occur as a single event, in pairs, or in clusters. Since RMMA episodes often occur in clusters and the relevance of this occurrence is unknown, we conducted a study to investigate the effect of RMMA clusters on sleep fragmentation and the severity of orofacial muscle pain. This study involved a secondary analysis using data from 184 adult subjects with orofacial muscle pain who underwent definitive polysomnography (PSG) for sleep bruxism diagnosis. Self-reported orofacial muscle pain (OFMP) was assessed using the numeric rating scale, and additional evaluation of side-to-side equivalence (symmetry) was described using a binary system. Among the 184 participants, 60.8% (n = 112) did not exhibit clusters and among the 72 participants with clusters, 36.1% (n = 26) and 63.9% (n = 46) were in the high and low RMMA frequency groups, respectively. The high SB group had significantly three times more phasic RMMA events than the noncluster group. A total of 89.67% (n = 165) of subjects reported orofacial muscle pain. While there was no difference in the severity of OFMP among groups, a significant decrease in symmetry between the severity of temporal muscle pain on the left and right sides was noted in the cluster group compared with the noncluster group. Clustering of RMMA events is associated with sleep fragmentation. The asymmetry of temporal muscle pain is related to the presence of RMMA clusters in sleep bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Martynowicz
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gilles Lavigne
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universite de Montreal, CIUSSS Nord Ile de Montreal and CHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Rafal Poreba
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Michalek-Zrabkowska
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Macek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Gac
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Surowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Wieckiewicz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Toyama N, Ekuni D, Fukuhara D, Sawada N, Yamashita M, Komiyama M, Nagahama T, Morita M. Nutrients Associated with Sleep Bruxism. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072623. [PMID: 37048706 PMCID: PMC10095372 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present research was to identify nutrients related to sleep bruxism and to establish a hypothesis regarding the relationship between sleep bruxism and nutrients. Methods: We recruited 143 Japanese university students in 2021 and assigned them to sleep bruxism (n = 58) and non-sleep bruxism groups (n = 85), using an identical single-channel wearable electromyography device. To investigate nutrient intakes, participants answered a food frequency questionnaire based on food groups. We assessed differences in nutrient intakes between the sleep bruxism and non-sleep bruxism groups. Results: Logistic regression modeling showed that sleep bruxism tended to be associated with dietary fiber (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–1.00; p = 0.059). In addition, a subgroup analysis selecting students in the top and bottom quartiles of dietary fiber intake showed that students with sleep bruxism had a significantly lower dietary fiber intake (10.4 ± 4.6 g) than those without sleep bruxism (13.4 ± 6.1 g; p = 0.022). Conclusion: The present research showed that dietary fiber intake may be related to sleep bruxism. Therefore, we hypothesized that dietary fiber would improve sleep bruxism in young adults.
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Santana DS, Silva MJA, de Marin ABR, Costa VLDS, Sousa GSM, de Sousa JG, Silva DC, da Cruz EC, Lima LNGC. The Influence Between C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 Genetic Polymorphisms and the Type-1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A 20-Year Review. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023; 39:13-32. [PMID: 36226448 PMCID: PMC9889015 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by the types 1 and 2 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Clinical outcomes in patients are highly varied and delineated by complex interactions between virus, host, and environment, such as with help of co-receptors, for example, the C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). This work aimed to describe the scientific evidence relating the influence of CCR5 polymorphisms in association studies for HIV-1 disease susceptibility, severity, and transmissibility. This is a systematic review of the literature on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the deletion [Insertion and Deletion (Indel)] Δ32 of CCR5. The search for articles was based on the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) databases for the period between 2001 and 2021. The final sample consisted of 32 articles. †SNP rs1799987 is one of the genetic polymorphisms most associated with the criteria of susceptibility and severity of HIV-1, having distinct consequences in genotypic, allelic, and clinical analysis in the variability of investigated populations. As for the transmission character of the disease, the G mutant allele of rs1799987 corresponds to the highest positive association. ‡Furthermore, the results on Indel Δ32 corroborate the absence and rarity of this variant in some populations. Finally, mitigating the severity of cases, SNPs rs1799988 and rs1800023 obtained significant attribution in individuals in the studied populations. It is shown that the reported polymorphisms express significant influences for the evaluation of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic measures for HIV-1 having fundamental particularities in the molecular, genetic, and transcriptional aspects of CCR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Silva Santana
- Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva
- Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil.,Address correspondence to: Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva, Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Dihago Cardoso Silva
- Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Eliete Costa da Cruz
- Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
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The Relationship between the Plasma Concentration of Electrolytes and Intensity of Sleep Bruxism and Blood Pressure Variability among Sleep Bruxers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112804. [PMID: 36359324 PMCID: PMC9687451 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma sodium plays a major role in regulating blood pressure (BP). An augmented variability of BP is considered a risk factor for the development of arterial hypertension, which is prevalent among patients with suspected sleep bruxism (SB). The aims of this study were to assess the plasma concentration of electrolytes and their effect on the intensity of SB and BP variability among sleep bruxers. A total of 51 patients were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. A single full-night polysomnographic examination was conducted in the Wroclaw Medical University Sleep Laboratory, Poland, and based on the guidelines of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, the results were analyzed. The monitoring of ambulatory BP was performed the next day, and the plasma levels of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium were measured. The mean age of the studied group was 33.9 ± 11.2 years, and the mean bruxism episode index (BEI) was 4.94 ± 3.53. The study revealed statistically significant differences in the plasma concentrations of sodium in the SB group. A decreased sodium concentration was observed in the group of mild bruxers (2 ≤ BEI < 4) (139.7 ± 1.4 vs. 142.8 ± 3.2, p = 0.002) and severe bruxers (BEI ≥ 4) (140.5 ± 2.0 vs. 142.8 ± 3.2, p = 0.016) compared to nonbruxers (BEI < 2). A statistically significant positive linear correlation was found between plasma sodium concentration and daytime systolic BP variability (r = 0.32, p < 0.05) as well as between plasma sodium concentration and nighttime diastolic BP variability (r = 0.31, p < 0.05). The preliminary results suggest the probable relationship between the lower plasma concentration of sodium and increased intensity of SB and BP variability among suspected sleep bruxers.
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