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Matos-Sousa JM, Chemelo VS, Frazão DR, Bittencourt LO, de Moura JDM, Mesquita CM, Marañón-Vásquez G, Fagundes NCF, Paranhos LR, Maia LC, Monteiro MC, Lima RR. Is there any association between the presence of biomarkers and apical periodontitis? A systematic review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366954. [PMID: 38840914 PMCID: PMC11150667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to verify whether there is evidence of an association between apical periodontitis and the presence of systemic biomarkers. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - PRISMA. For this, the acronym PECO was used; population (P) of adult humans exposed (E) to the presence of apical periodontitis, compared (C) to adult humans without apical periodontitis, and the outcome (O) of the presence of biomarkers was observed. The articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library, OpenGray, and Google Scholar grey databases. Subsequently, studies were excluded based on title, abstract, and full article reading, following the eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa qualifier. After exclusion, 656 studies were identified, resulting in 17 final articles that were divided into case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies. Eight studies were considered to have a low risk of bias, one had a medium risk of bias, and eight had a high risk of bias. In addition, 12 articles evaluated biomarkers in blood plasma, four evaluated them in saliva, and only one evaluated them in gingival crevicular fluid. The results of these studies indicated an association between apical periodontitis and the systemic presence of biomarkers. These markers are mainly related to inflammation, such as interleukins IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6, oxidative markers, such as nitric oxide and superoxide anions, and immunoglobulins IgG and IgM. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier (CRD42023493959).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Mário Matos-Sousa
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Victória Santos Chemelo
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - João Daniel Mendonça de Moura
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Caio Melo Mesquita
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guido Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
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Meyfarth SRS, Antunes LAA, da Silva Tavares J, Guimarães LDS, da Silva EAB, Baratto-Filho F, Küchler EC, Silva-Sousa AC, Sousa-Neto MD, Antunes LS. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in inducible nitric oxide synthase gene are not associated with persistent apical periodontitis. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:648-656. [PMID: 37724624 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between inducible in single nucleotide polymorphisms in nitric oxide synthase (rs2297518 and rs2779249) and persistent apical periodontitis. A total of 291 Brazilian subjects were included: 125 with signs/symptoms of persistent apical periodontitis and 166 with root canal-treated teeth exhibiting healthy perirradicular tissues. Endodontically treated patients were followed up after 1 year. The two single nucleotide polymorphisms in nitric oxide synthase were analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Chi-square test and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were performed to compare genotype distributions between 'healed' and 'persistent apical periodontitis' groups (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate SNP-SNP interactions. The allele and genotype distributions for the polymorphisms between the persistent apical periodontitis and healed groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, the polymorphisms were not associated with persistent apical periodontitis and SNP-SNP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lívia Azeredo Alves Antunes
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
- Specific Formation Department, School of Dentistry of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Santos Antunes
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
- Specific Formation Department, School of Dentistry of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
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Baris SD, Turkyilmaz A, Derici MK. Effects of Nd: YAG laser on tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interferon-gamma levels in teeth with apical periodontitis: A clinical study. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:657-664. [PMID: 37746745 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AP). A total of 60 participants were randomly divided into two groups: the conventional irrigation (control) and the Nd: YAG laser irradiation. The interstitial fluids were obtained after root canal cleaning (day 0) and 1 week later (day 7). The TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ levels were assayed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Mann-Whitney U, continuity correction chi-square, Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used. An increased level of cytokines on day 7 in the control group was observed, without statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). All cytokine levels decreased over time in the laser group. Only the IL-1β level showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Nd: YAG irradiation has a positive effect on decreasing the proinflammatory cytokine level and may help to control infection in teeth with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Durust Baris
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ali Turkyilmaz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kursat Derici
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Science, Ankara, Turkey
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Lin X, Lv X, Li B, Meng Q, Lai H, Gong Q, Tong Z. Heterogeneity of T cells in periapical lesions and in vitro validation of the proangiogenic effect of GZMA on HUVECs. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1254-1269. [PMID: 37400946 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM T cells are key immunomodulatory cells in periapical lesions. This study aimed to explore the roles of T cells in chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) using single-cell RNA sequencing and to further investigate Granzyme A (GZMA) in angiogenesis regulation. METHODOLOGY A total of five CAP samples were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing. We performed subcluster and lineage-tracing analyses for T cells. According to differential gene expression, distinct biological functions enriched in T cells of CAP were presented by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and compared with healthy gingiva (data obtained from the GEO database). CellChat was used to explore potential ligand-receptor interactions between T cells and endothelial cells in CAP. The coculture of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Jurkat T cells, as well as the addition of GZMA recombinant protein, was used to validate the predicted pair of GZMA and coagulation factor II thrombin receptor (F2R) by RT-PCR, angiogenesis and migration assays. RESULTS A transcriptomic atlas of 44 746 individual cells was constructed from the periapical lesions of five patients with CAP by single-cell RNA-seq, and eight cell types were identified. We identified nine subsets of T cells and deciphered the cellular heterogeneity of T cells in CAP at the functional level by subclustering and GSEA. Lineage tracing revealed a distinct lineage of T cells in CAP and predicted the transition of the T cellular state upon CAP. GSEA revealed multiple biological processes and relevant angiogenesis genes upregulated in CAP T cells. GZMA-F2R pairs were predicted by cell-cell interactions in CAP. High expression of GZMA and F2R was observed in the coculture of HUVECs and Jurkat T cells, and the proangiogenic capacity of the GZMA recombinant protein was emphasized by in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel insights into the heterogeneity of T cells in periapical lesions and reveals the potential role of GZMA in T cells in regulating angiogenesis in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Lv
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyu Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhen Meng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Lai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qimei Gong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongchun Tong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Agger AE, Reseland JE, Hjelkrem E, Lian AM, Hals EKB, Zandi H, Sunde PT. Are comorbidities associated with the cytokine/chemokine profile of persistent apical periodontitis? Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5203-5215. [PMID: 37434075 PMCID: PMC10492720 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify disease-related markers in persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) biopsies and examine whether these were associated with comorbidities like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). MATERIALS AND METHOD The levels of the cytokines/chemokines GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-21, IL-23, IL-27, IL-28A/IFN -λ2, IL-33, MIP-3α/CCL20, and TNF-α were determined in lesions from patients with PAP (n = 20) and compared to healthy bone samples (n = 20). RESULTS We identified eleven cytokines to be differently expressed, and among them, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17E, IL-21, and IL-27 appeared to drive the discrepancy between the disease and healthy groups. The levels of T follicular helper (Tfh) cell promoting cytokines (IL-21, IL-6, IL-27) were enhanced while T helper (Th) 1 cell promoting cytokine (IL-2), Th2 cell promoting cytokine (IL-13), and Th17 cell promoting cytokine (IL-17E) were reduced in the PAP group. The data also indicate that Tfh cell differentiation (IL-21), along with Th1 (GM-CSF, IFNγ), Th2 (IL-13), and Th17 (GM-CSF) cell differentiation, might be increased in the subpopulation of patients suffering from RA, whereas no differences were found in patients with CVD. CONCLUSIONS Levels of cytokines/chemokines in PAP were identified, and cluster analyzes indicated that these markers may be associated with the differentiation of different T cell populations. Patients with PAP and RA comorbidities showed elevated levels of markers reinforcing this association. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Molecular analyses of PAP may result in identification of prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Eriksson Agger
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Hjelkrem
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina-Mari Lian
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else K Breivik Hals
- TAKO-Centre, National Resource Centre for Oral Health in Rare Medical Conditions, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Homan Zandi
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pia Titterud Sunde
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1109 Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway.
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La Rosa GRM, Pedullà E. Effectiveness of probiotics in apical periodontitis progression: A scoping review and implications for research. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:528-536. [PMID: 36524834 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To synthesise the current knowledge on the effects of probiotics in apical periodontitis progression by a scoping review of animal and human studies. Reporting was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. The literature search and screening was performed on PubMed and Scopus databases by two independent reviewers selecting human and animal studies that evaluated the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the severity of apical periodontitis. Two animal studies with 3 publications met the eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis. The most common probiotics were Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus orally administered for gavage in Wistar rats with induced apical periodontitis. Overall, probiotics significantly reduced inflammation and bone resorption with an improvement in the apical periodontitis progression. Although results in animal studies are promising, the use of probiotics in apical periodontitis progression requires caution due to the insufficient available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Jia T, Yuan F, Tao J, Wang G, Zhang X, Zhang B, Li H. CRISPR/Cas13d targeting GZMA in PARs pathway regulates the function of osteoclasts in chronic apical periodontitis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:70. [PMID: 37626297 PMCID: PMC10464397 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic apical periodontitis is a prevalent oral disease characterized by bone loss, and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of the serine protease GZMA in osteoclasts during chronic apical periodontitis. To address this, we employed crRNA/Cas13d to inhibit GZMA expression and examined its impact on osteoclast behavior. Our findings revealed that GZMA plays a significant role in promoting osteoclast cell proliferation while inhibiting cell apoptosis. Additionally, the inhibition of GZMA led to a notable increase in miR-25-3p expression, which, in turn, downregulated the expression of TGF-β. Consequently, the reduction in TGF-β expression led to a decrease in PAR1 expression within the PARs pathway. These results suggest that GZMA might serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis. Furthermore, our study highlights the potential of targeting GZMA using crRNA/Cas13d as a valuable approach for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jia
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingqiao Tao
- Department of Stomatology, Southern Medical Branch of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhua Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Yang H, Luo D, Yuan MJ, Yang JJ, Wang DS. Five-year outcomes of immediate implant placement for mandibular molars with and without chronic apical periodontitis: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5218-5229. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most physicians consider molars with chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) lesions as contraindications for immediate implant placement. At the patient’s request, we perform immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP in clinical practice.
AIM To retrospectively analyze and compare the 5-year outcomes of immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP and those without obvious inflammation.
METHODS The clinical data of patients with immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, from June 2015 to June 2017 were collected. The patients were divided into CAP (n = 52) and no-CAP (n = 45) groups. Changes in bone mineral density and bone mass around implants were analyzed 5 years after implant restoration.
RESULTS At 5 years after implantation, the peri-implant bone mineral density was 528.2 ± 78.8 Hounsfield unit (HU) in the CAP group and 562.6 ± 82.9 HU in the no-CAP group (P = 0.126). Marginal bone resorption around implants did not differ significantly between the two groups, including buccal (P = 0.268) or lingual (P = 0.526) resorption in the vertical direction or buccal (P = 0.428) or lingual (P = 0.560) resorption in the horizontal direction. Changes in the peri-implant jump space did not differ significantly between the two groups, including the buccal (P = 0.247) or lingual (P = 0.604) space in the vertical direction or buccal (P = 0.527) or lingual (P = 0.707) space in the horizontal direction. The gray value of cone-beam computed tomography measured using Image J software can reflect the bone mineral density. In the CAP area, the gray values of the bone tissue immediately and 5 years after implant placement differed significantly from those of the surrounding bone tissue (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP can achieve satisfactory 5-year clinical results, without significant differences in the complications, survival rate, or bone tissue condition from the no-CAP mandibular molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mu-Jie Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Shan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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Yang H, Luo D, Yuan MJ, Yang JJ, Wang DS. Five-year outcomes of immediate implant placement for mandibular molars with and without chronic apical periodontitis: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5224-5235. [PMID: 37621586 PMCID: PMC10445073 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most physicians consider molars with chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) lesions as contraindications for immediate implant placement. At the patient's request, we perform immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP in clinical practice. AIM To retrospectively analyze and compare the 5-year outcomes of immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP and those without obvious inflammation. METHODS The clinical data of patients with immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, from June 2015 to June 2017 were collected. The patients were divided into CAP (n = 52) and no-CAP (n = 45) groups. Changes in bone mineral density and bone mass around implants were analyzed 5 years after implant restoration. RESULTS At 5 years after implantation, the peri-implant bone mineral density was 528.2 ± 78.8 Hounsfield unit (HU) in the CAP group and 562.6 ± 82.9 HU in the no-CAP group (P = 0.126). Marginal bone resorption around implants did not differ significantly between the two groups, including buccal (P = 0.268) or lingual (P = 0.526) resorption in the vertical direction or buccal (P = 0.428) or lingual (P = 0.560) resorption in the horizontal direction. Changes in the peri-implant jump space did not differ significantly between the two groups, including the buccal (P = 0.247) or lingual (P = 0.604) space in the vertical direction or buccal (P = 0.527) or lingual (P = 0.707) space in the horizontal direction. The gray value of cone-beam computed tomography measured using Image J software can reflect the bone mineral density. In the CAP area, the gray values of the bone tissue immediately and 5 years after implant placement differed significantly from those of the surrounding bone tissue (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP can achieve satisfactory 5-year clinical results, without significant differences in the complications, survival rate, or bone tissue condition from the no-CAP mandibular molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mu-Jie Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Shan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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Vasques AMV, da Silva ACR, Bueno CRE, Cury MTS, Ervolino E, Cintra LTA, Dezan Junior E. Inflammatory profile of apical periodontitis exacerbated by cigarette smoke inhalation: Histological and immunohistochemical analysis in rats. Int Endod J 2023; 56:465-474. [PMID: 36585248 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) on inflammation, pro-inflammatory mediators and haematological parameters in rats with induced apical periodontitis (AP). METHODOLOGY Thirty-two 3-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8): C-Control; S-rats with CSI; AP-rats with AP; and SAP-rats with CSI + AP. Animals in groups S and SAP inhaled cigarette smoke by remaining inside a smoking chamber for 8 min, three times daily, for 50 days. After 20 days of smoke inhalation, animals in AP and SAP groups had the pulps of the lower right first molar exposed to oral environment for 30 days to induce AP. In these subsequent 30 days, animals in group S and SAP continued with CSI. On Day 50, animals were euthanized and mandibles were histologically processed to assess inflammatory infiltrate, immunohistochemical interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), and blood samples collected for laboratory analysis. The Mann-Whitney test was performed for non-parametric data and the pairwise analyses of Student's t-test for parametric data, with a significance level of p < .050. RESULTS Inflammatory infiltrate was moderate in AP group and more severe in the SAP (p = .010). The interleukins IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were higher in SAP group (p < .001) when compared to the AP group. A greater number of red blood cells (p = .010), haemoglobin (p = .007) and neutrophils (p = .014) were observed in the SAP group in comparison with the AP group. CONCLUSION Cigarette smoke inhalation induced a more severe inflammatory infiltrate, with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and changes in haematological parameters in rats with induced AP. Thus, CSI aggravated AP, exacerbating the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Veiga Vasques
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Rodrigues da Silva
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Emerenciano Bueno
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marina Tolomei Sandoval Cury
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Eloi Dezan Junior
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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11
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Kang L, Miao Y, Jin Y, Shen S, Lin X. Exosomal miR-205-5p derived from periodontal ligament stem cells attenuates the inflammation of chronic periodontitis via targeting XBP1. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 11:e743. [PMID: 36705422 PMCID: PMC9761342 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory periodontal disease with high incidence and complex pathology. This research is aimed to investigate the function of exosomal miR-205-5p (Exo-miR-205-5p) in CP and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHOD Exo-miR-205-5p was isolated from miR-205-5p mimics-transfected periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and subsequently cocultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cells or injected into LPS-treated rats. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors and Th17/Treg-related factors were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The contents of inflammatory factors and the percentages of Th17/Treg cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Besides, the target relation between miR-205-5p and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) was explored. RESULTS MiR-205-5p was downregulated in LPS-induced PDLSCs and corresponding exosomes. Exo-miR-205-5p inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and decreased the percentage of Th17 cells in LPS-treated rats. In addition, XBP1 was a target of miR-205-5p. Overexpression of XBP1 weakened the effects of Exo-miR-205-5p on inhibiting inflammation and regulating Treg/Th17 balance in LPS-induced cells. CONCLUSIONS Exo-miR-205-5p derived from PDLSCs relieves the inflammation and balances the Th17/Treg cells in CP through targeting XBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixun Kang
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Yibin Miao
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Siyu Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityLiaoning ProvinceChina
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12
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Johnson RM, Tewari N, Kumar V, Rahul M, Mathur VP, Bhawal UK. Inflammatory mediators for predicting the risk of trauma‐induced root resorption: A systematic review. Dent Traumatol 2022; 39:264-275. [PMID: 36458683 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM External inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) and external replacement root resorption (ERRR) are the most common adverse outcomes after luxation injuries or dental injuries. They are usually detected radiographically after considerable progression. It can be envisaged that evaluation of inflammatory mediators might serve as an objective and reliable method of predicting the risk of resorption. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence regarding the risk of resorption and to provide future research directions. METHODS An a priori protocol was prepared by a multidisciplinary expert group, as per the Cochrane handbook and PRISMA guidelines. The systematic search was conducted in six databases and grey-literature sources. Scrutiny of titles and abstracts, and later full-text articles was performed, and data were extracted. Risk of bias analysis was done by using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross-sectional and cohort studies. RESULTS Eight studies were included in the systematic review and could be categorized as per the source of biomarkers, namely epithelial cells from mucosa, gingival crevicular fluid and extracted teeth. The studies utilizing epithelial cells had been conducted between 2015 and 2018 in Brazil and did not find any correlation with EIRR. Two of the studies with extracted teeth found differences in the immunologic profiles of teeth with resorption. Three studies evaluating gingival crevicular fluid found increased levels of dentine sialoprotein and Interleukin-1-α. CONCLUSION Among the three sources, the inflammatory gingival crevicular fluid appeared to be the most non-invasive source of biomarkers for predicting trauma-induced root resorption, although the evidence about this came from two studies with moderate and one study with high risk of bias. The primary studies in this systematic review showed variability in terms of the sample sizes, age of the patients, the grading/classification of trauma-induced resorption and the evaluation methods which must be addressed by future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Marie Johnson
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Morankar Rahul
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Vijay Prakash Mathur
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan
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13
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Lyu P, Song Y, Bi R, Li Z, Wei Y, Huang Q, Cui C, Song D, Zhou X, Fan Y. Protective Actions in Apical Periodontitis: The Regenerative Bioactivities Led by Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121737. [PMID: 36551165 PMCID: PMC9776067 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resulting from bacterial infection, apical periodontitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disease of the periapical region of the tooth. The regeneration of the destroyed periapical alveolar bone and the surrounding periodontium tissues has long been a difficult task in clinical practice. These lesions are closely related to pathogen invasion and an overreactive immune response. It is worth noting that the protective healing process occurs simultaneously, in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a crucial function in mediating the immune system and promoting regeneration. Here, we review the recent studies related to AP, with a focus on the regulatory network of MSCs. We also discuss the potential therapeutic approaches of MSCs in inflammatory diseases to provide a basis for promoting tissue regeneration and modulating inflammation in AP. A deeper understanding of the protective action of MSCs and the regulatory networks will help to delineate the underlying mechanisms of AP and pave the way for stem-cell-based regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lyu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiming Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruiye Bi
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zucen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yali Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Hu K, Palmieri E, Samnuan K, Ricchetti B, Oldrini D, McKay PF, Wu G, Thorne L, Fooks AR, McElhinney LM, Goharriz H, Golding M, Shattock RJ, Micoli F. Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), an outer membrane vesicle-based vaccine platform, for efficient viral antigen delivery. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12247. [PMID: 36377074 PMCID: PMC9663859 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine platforms enable fast development, testing, and manufacture of more affordable vaccines. Here, we evaluated Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) generated by genetically modified Gram-negative bacteria, as a vaccine platform for viral pathogens. Influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA), either physically mixed with GMMA (HA+STmGMMA mix), or covalently linked to GMMA surface (HA-STmGMMA conjugate), significantly increased antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses, with HA-STmGMMA conjugate inducing further enhancement than HA+STmGMMA mix. HA-STmGMMA conjugate protected mice from lethal challenge. The versatility for this platform was confirmed by conjugation of rabies glycoprotein (RABVG) onto GMMA through the same method. RABVG+STmGMMA mix and RABVG-STmGMMA conjugate exhibited similar humoral and cellular response patterns and protection efficacy as the HA formulations, indicating relatively consistent responses for different vaccines based on the GMMA platform. Comparing to soluble protein, GMMA was more efficiently taken up in vivo and exhibited a B-cell preferential uptake in the draining lymph nodes (LNs). Together, GMMA enhances immunity against viral antigens, and the platform works well with different antigens while retaining similar immunomodulatory patterns. The findings of our study imply the great potential of GMMA-based vaccine platform also against viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elena Palmieri
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Siena, Italy
| | - Karnyart Samnuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Davide Oldrini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Siena, Italy
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guanghui Wu
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Leigh Thorne
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Lorraine M McElhinney
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Hooman Goharriz
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Megan Golding
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Siena, Italy
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15
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Teixeira FFC, Cardoso FGR, Ferreira NS, Corazza BJM, Valera MC, Nascimento GG, Martinho FC. Effects of calcium hydroxide intracanal medications on T helper (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, and Tfh) and regulatory T (Treg) cell cytokines in apical periodontitis: a CONSORT RCT. J Endod 2022; 48:975-984. [PMID: 35487475 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This CONSORT RCT investigated T helper (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, and Tfh), regulatory T (Treg) cell-type cytokines, and their networks in apical periodontitis (AP). We also assessed the effects of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] intracanal medications (ICMs) on helper T and Treg cell-type cytokines. METHODS Twenty teeth with primary endodontic infection and apical periodontitis (PEIAP) were randomly divided into two groups: Ca(OH)2 + saline solution (SSL; n = 10) and Ca (OH)2 + 2% Chlorhexidine-gel (2% CHX-gel; n = 10). Samples were collected from the periradicular tissue fluid (PTF) before (PTFs1) and after 14 days of ICMs (PTFs2). The Human High Sensitivity T Cell Panel was used to quantify target T-helper (Th)1: IL-2, 12, and IFN-γ; Th2: IL-4, -5, -13; Th9: IL-9; Th17: IL-17; T follicular helper cells (Tfh): IL-21; and Treg-cell-type cytokine: IL-10. RESULTS Th1-type cytokines were higher, compared to Th2-type, at PTFs1. Positive (+) associations were found among all Th1-type cytokines and all Th2-type cytokines. There were negative (-) correlations between all Th1- and Th2-type cytokines. Size of radiolucent lesions (SRL) and symptoms (TTP and/or POP) were positively correlated with Th1-type cytokines, IL-17, and IL-21 but negatively correlated with Th2-type cytokines and IL-10 (all, p < 0.001). Both ICMs increased Th2-type cytokines and IL-10 (P < 0.05) and decreased Th1- type cytokines, IL-17, and IL-21 (P < 0.05), with no differences among them (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Complex T-cell cytokine networks are involved in AP. Both Ca(OH)2 ICMs effectively increased IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 and lowered IL-2, IL-12, IL-17, IL-21, and IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F C Teixeira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F G R Cardoso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N S Ferreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B J M Corazza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G G Nascimento
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health - Section for Periodontology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F C Martinho
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Džopalić T, Tomić S, Bekić M, Vučević D, Mihajlović D, Eraković M, Čolić M. Ex vivo study of IL-6 expression and function in immune cell subsets from human periapical lesions. Int Endod J 2022; 55:480-494. [PMID: 35150455 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Even though IL-6 is a key inflammatory cytokine in periapical lesions (PLs), its function in stable periapical disease is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate following: first, the ex vivo production of IL-6 by clinically different PLs; next, subsets of immune cells expressing IL-6 in PLs according to their inflammatory status and finally, modulatory effect of IL-6 on T-cell cytokine production in cell cultures. METHODOLOGY Inflammatory cells were isolated from a total of 95 human PLs. Detection of IL-6+ cells within the myeloid and lymphoid populations was performed by multicolour flow cytometry. ELISA and FlowCytomix Microbeads Assay were used to measure cytokine levels in culture supernatants. To study the role of IL-6 in PLs, mononuclear cells (MNC) from symptomatic (Sy) or asymptomatic (Asy) PLs were treated with IL-6 or Tocilizumab, an IL-6R blocking antibody. The differences between groups were tested by unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney or Friedman tests. RESULTS The levels of IL-6 in PL MNC culture supernatants were significantly higher compared to total PL cells and PL granulocytes (p<0.001). MNC from Sy PLs produced significantly hihger levels of IL-6 than MNC from Asy PLs (p<0.001). Flow cytometry analysis showed that NKT cells, CD8+ T cells and M2 macrophages (MØ), were dominant IL-6+ cells, in contrast to CD4+ T cells. However, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells contributed the most to IL-6 production. IL-6hi producing MNC cultures had higher levels of Th1 (IFN-γ), Th17 (IL-17A), Tfh (IL-21) and RANKL, whereas Th2 (IL-4) and Tregs cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) were lower, compared to IL-6low producing cultures. Exogenous IL-6 stimulated 17A, IL-21 and RANKL, independently of PL activation status, but decreased IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-33 levels in IL-6hi producing cultures. Tocilizumab increased IL-10 and TGF-β in IL-6low producing cultures. All differences were p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Most immune cells from Sy PLs expressed higher levels of IL-6 compared to Asy PLs, which correlated with IL-6 production in culture. Analysis of cytokines suggested a dominant pro-inflammatory T-cell response and osteodestructive function of IL-6 in PLs judging by Th17/Tfh cell activation, Tregs inhibition and increased RANKL/OPG ratio. Excessive IL-6 production decreased Th1/Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Džopalić
- University of Niš, Medical Faculty, Niš, Serbia.,University of Defense in Belgrade, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Tomić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Bekić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Vučević
- University of Defense in Belgrade, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Mihajlović
- University of Defense in Belgrade, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Eraković
- Clinic for Stomatology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Čolić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Belgrade, Serbia.,University of East Sarajevo, Medical Faculty Foča, Foča R. Srpska Bosnia and Herzegovina
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17
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Nosratabadi R, Golshiri-Isfahani A, Rahmanzadeh-Shahi S, Asadikaram G, Kazemi Arababadi M. Interleukin 17A: A Potential Target for Its Plausible Roles in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Epistaxis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2022; 34:45-53. [PMID: 35145935 PMCID: PMC8801015 DOI: 10.22038/ijorl.2021.51208.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been reported that inflammation may be a potential risk factor for the progression of epistaxis. Due to the major roles played by Th17 in the induction of inflammation, the present study aimed to assess the serum levels of Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and IL-23, as the most important cytokines in the Th17 pathway, as well as IFN-, IL-4, and IL-10 serum levels, as regulatory cytokines for Th17 cells in patients with idiopathic epistaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-23, and IFN- were evaluated in 90 patients with idiopathic epistaxis and 90 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. RESULTS The obtained results pointed out that the serum levels of IL-17A and IL-10, but not IL-4 and IL-23, were significantly up-regulated, and IFN- serum levels were significantly down-regulated in patients with idiopathic epistaxis. Furthermore, female patients with epistaxis had higher IL-10 serum levels. CONCLUSIONS As evidenced by the results of the present study, IL-17A is the main cytokine which participates in the pathogenesis of idiopathic epistaxis; moreover, in association with IL-10, it can be regarded as the suppressor of IFN- in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nosratabadi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Golshiri-Isfahani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Soheila Rahmanzadeh-Shahi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, and Department of Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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18
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Wang L, Yang F, Qiu Y, Ye L, Song D, Huang D. The Potential Roles of T Cells in Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2021; 48:70-79. [PMID: 34627784 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periapical lesions are inflammatory diseases mainly caused by microbial infection from the root canal system, affecting the integrity of alveolar bone, periapical cementum, and periodontal ligament. The invasion of pathogenic microorganisms activates local inflammation and host immune response, especially the recruitment and differentiation of T cells. Many studies have discussed the fundamental roles of T cell-related immunological regulation and the possible clinical significance of cytokine disorders in periapical lesions. However, oral pathogen-mediated T cell immune response is far more clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discuss the research status of T cell-related immunology involved in the progression of periapical lesions and potential future directions. METHODS We conducted a literature review focusing on T cell-related immunology in periapical lesions by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect online databases. RESULTS In total 108 articles were involved in this narrative review. During the development of periapical lesions, the infiltrated number of different types of T cells and the secretion of T cell-related cytokines in root apex region reflected the inflammatory status of periapical lesions. In addition, it was also highly correlated with the periapical bone destruction. Future study could attempt to provide a wider and deeper study on the expression profile and regulatory function of T cells in the development of periapical lesions. CONCLUSION This review would help us understand the essence of the T cell-related pathology of periapical lesions and raise the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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19
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Zivanovic S, Papic M, Vucicevic T, Miletic Kovacevic M, Jovicic N, Nikolic N, Milasin J, Paunovic V, Trajkovic V, Mitrovic S, Lukic ML, Lukic A, Ljujic B. Periapical lesions in two inbred strains of rats differing in immunological reactivity. Int Endod J 2021; 55:64-78. [PMID: 34614243 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the influence of strain differences in immune responses on the pathogenesis of experimental periapical lesions in Dark Agouti (DA) and Albino Oxford (AO) inbred strains of rats. METHODOLOGY Periapical lesions were induced in male DA and AO rats by pulp exposure of the first mandibular right molars to the oral environment. Animals were killed 21 days after pulp exposure. The mandibular jaws were retrieved and prepared for radiographic, pathohistological, immunohistochemical analysis, real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Blood samples and the supernatant of periapical lesions were collected for measurement of cytokines and oxidative stress marker levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U non-parametric tests or parametric One-Way anova and Independent Samples T-test to determine the differences between groups depending on the normality of the data. A significant difference was considered when p values were <.05. RESULTS DA rats developed significantly larger (p < .05) periapical lesions compared to AO rats as confirmed by radiographic and pathohistological analysis. The immunohistochemical staining intensity for CD3 was significantly greater in periapical lesions of DA rats compared to AO rats (p < .05). In DA rats, periapical lesions had a significantly higher (p < .05) percentage of CD3+ cells compared to AO rats. Also, the percentage of INF-γ, IL-17 and IL-10 CD3+CD4+ cells was significantly higher in DA rats (p < .05). DA rats had a significantly higher Th17/Th10 ratio. RT-PCR expression of IL-1β, INF-γ and IL-17 genes was significantly higher in periapical lesions of DA compared to AO rats (p < .05). The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio was higher in DA compared to AO rats with periapical lesions (p < .05). Systemic levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in DA compared to AO rats (p < .05). Levels of lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and reduced glutathione were significantly higher (p < .05) in the supernatant in the periapical lesions of DA rats. CONCLUSION After pulp exposure, DA rats developed much larger periapical lesions compared to AO rats. Genetically determined differences in immunopathology have been demonstrated to be a significant element defining the severity of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Zivanovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milos Papic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tamara Vucicevic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Miletic Kovacevic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Lukic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ljujic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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20
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Roskamp L, Trevilatto PC, Souza CM, Ignácio SA, de Lima GD, Pereira TM, Westphalen VPD. The role of polymorphism of the IL6 gene in tooth replantation. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:314-319. [PMID: 33410579 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The absence or presence of root resorption on the root surface of a replanted tooth indicates an immune-inflammatory reaction. Since interleukin-6 (IL-6) is considered an inflammatory marker in bone resorption, this study aimed to investigate the association between clinical variables and polymorphisms in IL6, with the outcome of replanted teeth at 1-year follow-up. Altogether, 127 avulsed teeth that were replanted and had their root canals treated were selected for this study. Periapical radiographs were taken after replantation and after 1 year. Real-time PCR was used to genotype IL6 polymorphisms. Chi-square and 'Z' tests were performed to verify the association between genetic variables and the prognosis of replanted teeth (P < 0.05). An association was observed between the rs2069843 polymorphism of IL6 and the outcome of replanted teeth (P < 0.05). The rs2069843 polymorphism of IL6 may influence the outcome of avulsed and replanted teeth in the first year post-trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Roskamp
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil.,School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Cleber Machado Souza
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Programa de pos Graduação BIOTEC - Faculdades Pequeno Principe, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Giomo Dieila de Lima
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Departamento de Biociências, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Munhoz Pereira
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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21
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Freire MS, Oliveira NG, Lima SMF, Porto WF, Martins DCM, Silva ON, Chaves SB, Sousa MV, Ricart CAO, Castro MS, Fontes W, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. IL-4 absence triggers distinct pathways in apical periodontitis development. J Proteomics 2020; 233:104080. [PMID: 33338687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp is a specialized tissue able to respond to infectious processes. Nevertheless, infection progress and root canal colonization trigger an immune-inflammatory response in tooth-surrounding tissues, leading to apical periodontitis and bone tissue destruction, further contributing to tooth loss. In order to shed some light on the effects of IL-4 on periradicular pathology development modulation, microtomographic, histological and proteomic analyses were performed using 60 mice, 30 wild type and 30 IL-4-/-. For that, 5 animals were used for microtomographic and histological analysis, and another 5 for proteomic analysis for 0, 7 and 21 days with/without pulp exposure. The periapical lesions were established in WT and IL-4-/- mice without statistical differences in their volume, and the value of p < 0.05 was adopted as significant in microtomographic and histological analyses. Regarding histological analysis, IL-4-/- mice show aggravation of pulp inflammation compared to WT. By using proteomic analysis, we have identified 32 proteins with increased abundance and 218 proteins with decreased abundance in WT animals after 21 days of pulp exposure, compared to IL-4-/- animals. However, IL-4-/- mice demonstrated faster development of apical periodontitis. These animals developed a compensatory mechanism to overcome IL-4 absence, putatively based on the identification of upregulated proteins related to immune system signaling pathways. Significance: IL-4 might play a protective role in diseases involving bone destruction and its activity may contribute to host protection, mainly due to its antiosteoclastogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna S Freire
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Centro Universitário do Planalto Central Apparecido dos Santos, UNICEPLAC, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nelson G Oliveira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Stella M F Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Porto Reports, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo C M Martins
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmar N Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduacao em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Centro Universitário de Anápolis - UniEVANGELICA, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Sacha B Chaves
- Departamento de nanotecnologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Sousa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carlos A O Ricart
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Taia M B Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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22
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Azuma MM, Cardoso CDBM, Samuel RO, Pipa CB, Bomfim SRM, Narciso LG, Gomes-Filho JE, Cintra LTA. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Alter Systemic Inflammatory Mediators Caused by Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2020; 47:272-277. [PMID: 33245969 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on serum inflammatory mediators of rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control, untreated rats (C); control rats treated with ω-3 PUFAs (C-O); rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis (AP); and rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis treated with ω-3 PUFAs (AP-O). ω-3 PUFAs were administered orally once a day for 15 days before pulp exposure and continued for 30 days after pulp exposure. The rats were sacrificed, and then blood and jaw samples were collected. Blood analysis was conducted to determine the total number of leukocytes including neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-17 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histologic analysis was performed to confirm the development of apical periodontitis. The data were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance and the Tukey posttest. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS The development of apical periodontitis was confirmed in all infected groups. Bone destruction was larger in the AP group compared with the AP-O group (P < .05). Blood analysis showed that the AP and AP-O groups showed higher numbers of lymphocytes, leukocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 compared with the C and C-O groups (P < .05). In contrast, the presence of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and the expression of IL-6 decreased in the AP-O group compared with the AP group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS ω-3 PUFA supplementation influences the systemic effects caused by apical periodontitis, decreasing the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and IL-6 in rat blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Maffei Azuma
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carolina de Barros Morais Cardoso
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Oliveira Samuel
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Dentistry, Dental School, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Barbosa Pipa
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Regina Mogami Bomfim
- Department of Clinic and Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Narciso
- Department of Clinic and Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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Romano F, Del Buono W, Bianco L, Arena M, Mariani GM, Di Scipio F, Berta GN, Aimetti M. Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokines in Moderate and Deep Sites of Stage III Periodontitis Patients in Different Rates of Clinical Progression. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110515. [PMID: 33218047 PMCID: PMC7698864 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical criteria are inappropriate to measure the degree of susceptibility to progression of periodontal damage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of cytokines could discriminate patients suffering from stage III periodontitis with moderate (Grade B) and rapid rates of progression (Grade C) prior to and 6 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. GCF samples were obtained from moderate and deep sites of 20 patients diagnosed as Grade B and 20 patients as grade C stage III periodontitis and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-9, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using a high-sensitivity Bio-Plex Suspension Array System. At baseline, higher IL-1β but lower IL-9 GCF levels were observed in moderate sites of the grade C compared to the grade B group. In spite of comparable clinical improvement, this difference maintained after treatment, suggesting a residual pro-inflammatory state. In deep sites, no differences were observed between periodontitis groups except for VEGF levels that decreased more in Grade B periodontitis at 6 months post-therapy. A mathematical model was constructed to identify Grade C periodontitis patients based on the subjects’ GCF levels of IL-1β and IL-9, which achieved an area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.94. This study can contribute to the early assessment of risk of future breakdown in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Wilma Del Buono
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Laura Bianco
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Martina Arena
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Giulia Maria Mariani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Federica Di Scipio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Nicolao Berta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.N.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.N.B.); (M.A.)
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24
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Cavalla F, Letra A, Silva RM, Garlet GP. Determinants of Periodontal/Periapical Lesion Stability and Progression. J Dent Res 2020; 100:29-36. [PMID: 32866421 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520952341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal and periapical lesions are infectious inflammatory osteolitytic conditions in which a complex inflammatory immune response mediates bone destruction. However, the uncertainty of a lesion's progressive or stable phenotype complicates understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms triggering lesion activity. Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies of both periodontal and periapical lesions points to a high receptor activator of NF-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio as the primary determinant of osteolytic activity, while a low RANKL/OPG ratio is often observed in inactive lesions. Proinflammatory cytokines directly modulate RANKL/OPG expression and consequently drive lesion progression, along with pro-osteoclastogenic support provided by Th1, Th17, and B cells. Conversely, the cooperative action between Th2 and Tregs subsets creates an anti-inflammatory and proreparative milieu associated with lesion stability. Interestingly, the trigger for lesion status switch from active to inactive can originate from an unanticipated RANKL immunoregulatory feedback, involving the induction of Tregs and a host response outcome with immunological tolerance features. In this context, dendritic cells (DCs) appear as potential determinants of host response switch, since RANKL imprint a tolerogenic phenotype in DCs, described to be involved in both Tregs and immunological tolerance generation. The tolerance state systemically and locally suppresses the development of exacerbated and pathogenic responses and contributes to lesions stability. However, immunological tolerance break by comorbidities or dysbiosis could explain lesions relapse toward activity. Therefore, this article will provide a critical review of the current knowledge concerning periodontal and periapical lesions activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the host response. Further studies are required to unravel the role of immunological responsiveness or tolerance in the determination of lesion status, as well as the potential cooperative and/or inhibitory interplay among effector cells and their impact on RANKL/OPG balance and lesion outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cavalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Letra
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R M Silva
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G P Garlet
- OSTEOimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University-FOB/USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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25
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Eraković M, Duka M, Bekić M, Tomić S, Ismaili B, Vučević D, Čolić M. Anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Biodentine on human periapical lesion cells in culture. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1398-1412. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Eraković
- Clinic for Stomatology Military Medical Academy BelgradeSerbia
| | - M. Duka
- Clinic for Stomatology Military Medical Academy BelgradeSerbia
| | - M. Bekić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy Zemun Serbia
| | - S. Tomić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy Zemun Serbia
| | - B. Ismaili
- Polyclinic, Ismaili Gostivar North Macedonia
| | - D. Vučević
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy University of Defense Belgrade Serbia
| | - M. Čolić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy Zemun Serbia
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy University of Defense Belgrade Serbia
- Medical Faculty Foča University of East Sarajevo R.Srpska Bosnia and Herzegovina
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26
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Ramadan DE, Hariyani N, Indrawati R, Ridwan RD, Diyatri I. Cytokines and Chemokines in Periodontitis. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:483-495. [PMID: 32575137 PMCID: PMC7440949 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory periodontal disease affecting a wide range of population all over the world. The causing bacteria releases chemicals which activate the innate immune system to release proinflammatory cytokines contributing to more progression. This activates the acquired immune system leading to more progression of periodontitis. As the immune response goes on, released cytokines and chemokines can damage the periodontal ligaments, gingiva, and alveolar bone. There are many types of cytokines and chemokines in periodontitis. Cytokines are peptide mediators who are responsible for cell signaling and communication. Chemokines are a large subfamily of cytokines having the ability to coordinate leukocyte recruitment and activation. This paper is a narrative review of the literature.This review ensures that inflammatory mediators in the case of periodontitis can cause a noticeable damage in the whole apparatus of the periodontium. It causes soft tissue inflammation and bone damage affected by the mediators of both innate and acquired immune system.The inflammatory process is accompanied by large network of cytokines and chemokines. There is high expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and regulatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-1(RA) receptor antagonist, IL-10, and induced protein (IP)-10. There is also increased production of cytokines IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ, IP-10, IL-1RA, and IL-4. Cytokines IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and prostaglandin E
2
trigger the osteoclast activity causing bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Elsayed Ramadan
- Dental Health Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ninuk Hariyani
- Dental Health Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Retno Indrawati
- Dental Health Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rini Devijanti Ridwan
- Dental Health Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Indeswati Diyatri
- Dental Health Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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27
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Wei L, Xu M, Xiong H. An update of knowledge on the regulatory role of Treg cells in apical periodontitis. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1356-1365. [PMID: 32485020 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a prevalent infectious and inflammatory disorder that involves inflammation of periapical tissues and the disintegration of alveolar bone. AP may eventually lead to tooth loss if not timely treated. This disease is caused by pathogenic bacteria in the necrotic pulps and root canals, thereby triggering responses from the innate and adaptive immune system of the periapical tissues. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a major role in maintaining immune homoeostasis and immunological self-tolerance; however, these only account for roughly 5%-10% of human peripheral CD4+ T cells. Several studies have examined the possible role and underlying mechanism of Treg cells in different inflammatory and autoimmune disorders to facilitate the development of novel treatments for these diseases. Recent studies have indicated that Treg cells may gather at the sites of infection, thus limiting the generation of immune responses and bone resorption in the periapical area. This review will summarize studies regarding the presence and regulatory role of Treg cells in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haofei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Eisermann P, Rauch J, Reuter S, Eberwein L, Mehlhoop U, Allartz P, Muntau B, Tappe D. Complex Cytokine Responses in Imported Scrub Typhus Cases, Germany, 2010-2018. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:63-68. [PMID: 31769398 PMCID: PMC6947778 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Scrub typhus is a life-threatening zoonotic disease, which is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligatory intracellular Gram-negative bacterium. It is transmitted by Leptotrombidium mites in endemic regions of Southeast Asia. So far, data on imported scrub typhus cases to non-endemic areas and immunological descriptions are rare. Eleven scrub typhus cases that had been diagnosed by the German National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical symptoms, laboratory changes, and travel destinations. Patient sera were included if follow-up samples showed simultaneous seroconversion for IgM and IgG antibody responses by immunofluorescence assays or concurrence with the first serum sample. The median of seroconversion was week 2 after symptom onset. Cytokine levels were measured over time, demonstrating simultaneously upregulated major Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in the acute phase of infection followed by normalization during convalescence. This study underlines the complex mixed cytokine response elicited by scrub typhus and highlights clinical and diagnostic aspects of imported infections with O. tsutsugamushi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Eisermann
- National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Rauch
- National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Reuter
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Leverkusen gGmbH, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Lukas Eberwein
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Leverkusen gGmbH, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Ute Mehlhoop
- National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Allartz
- National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Muntau
- National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Tappe
- National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Paula-Silva FWG, Arnez MFM, Petean IBF, Almeida-Junior LA, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, Faccioli LH. Effects of 5-lipoxygenase gene disruption on inflammation, osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in polymicrobial apical periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 112:104670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Chaurasiya S, Yang A, Kang S, Lu J, Kim SI, Park AK, Sivanandam V, Zhang Z, Woo Y, Warner SG, Fong Y. Oncolytic poxvirus CF33-hNIS-ΔF14.5 favorably modulates tumor immune microenvironment and works synergistically with anti-PD-L1 antibody in a triple-negative breast cancer model. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1729300. [PMID: 32158622 PMCID: PMC7051185 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1729300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and is difficult to treat. Breast cancer is considered to be poorly immunogenic and hence is less responsive to immunotherapies. We tested whether the oncolytic poxvirus CF33-hNIS-ΔF14.5 could modulate tumor immune microenvironment and make the tumors responsive to the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-L1. We found that virus infection causes the upregulation of PD-L1 levels on triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo in mice. In a mouse model of orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer, the virus was found to increase tumor infiltration by CD8+ T cells. Likewise, in mice treated with CF33-hNIS-ΔF14.5 high levels of proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ and IL-6 were found in the tumors but not in the serum. The levels of immune modulation were even higher in mice that were treated with a combination of the virus and anti-PD-L1 antibody. While CF33-hNIS-ΔF14.5 and anti-PD-L1 antibody failed to exert significant anti-tumor effect as a single agent, a combination of the two agents resulted in significant anti-tumor effect with 50% mice experiencing complete tumor regression when both agents were injected intra-tumorally. Furthermore, the ‘cured’ mice did not develop tumor after re-challenge with the same cancer cells suggesting that they developed immunity against those cancer cells. Taken together, our study shows that CF33-hNIS-ΔF14.5 favorably modulates tumor immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer model making them responsive to the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-L1, and hence warrants further studies to determine the clinical applicability of this combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Yang
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Seonah Kang
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sang-In Kim
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Anthony K Park
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yanghee Woo
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susanne G Warner
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Clinical endodontic procedures modulate periapical cytokine and chemokine gene expressions. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3691-3697. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fouad AF, Khan AA, Silva RM, Kang MK. Genetic and Epigenetic Characterization of Pulpal and Periapical Inflammation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:21. [PMID: 32116745 PMCID: PMC7010935 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpal and periapical diseases affect a large segment of the population. The role of microbial infections and host effector molecules in these diseases is well established. However, the interaction between host genes and environmental factors in disease susceptibility and progression is less well understood. Studies of genetic polymorphisms in disease relevant genes have suggested that individual predisposition may contribute to susceptibility to pulpal and periapical diseases. Other studies have explored the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to these diseases. Ongoing research expands the spectrum of non-coding RNAs in pulpal disease to include viral microRNAs as well. This review summarizes recent advances in the genetic and epigenetic characterization of pulpal and periapical disease, with special emphasis on recent data that address the pathogenesis of irreversible pulpal pathosis and apical periodontitis. Specifically, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene expression and gene polymorphism, as well as recent data on DNA methylation and microRNAs are reviewed. Improved understanding of these mechanisms may aid in disease prevention as well as in improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf F Fouad
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Asma A Khan
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Renato M Silva
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mo K Kang
- Section of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Neppelenbroek KH, Honório HM, Garlet GP. To P or not to P, is that the question? Rethinking experimental design and data analysis to improve biological significance beyond the statistical significance. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e2019ed001. [PMID: 31596371 PMCID: PMC7700743 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-ed001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Monasterio G, Budini V, Fernández B, Castillo F, Rojas C, Alvarez C, Cafferata EA, Vicencio E, Cortés BI, Cortez C, Vernal R. IL-22-expressing CD4 + AhR + T lymphocytes are associated with RANKL-mediated alveolar bone resorption during experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:513-524. [PMID: 31032952 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Over the past few years, the importance of interleukin-22 (IL-22) and T-helper (Th)22 lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of periodontitis has become apparent; however, there are still aspects that are not addressed yet. Cells expressing IL-22 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), transcription factor master switch gene implicated in the differentiation and function of Th22 lymphocytes, have been detected in periodontal tissues of periodontitis-affected patients. In addition, IL-22 has been associated with osteoclast differentiation and their bone resorptive activity in vitro. However, the destructive potential of IL-22-expressing AhR+ Th22 lymphocytes over periodontal tissues during periodontitis has not been demonstrated in vivo yet. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether IL-22-expressing CD4+ AhR+ T lymphocytes detected in periodontal lesions are associated with alveolar bone resorption during experimental periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using a murine model of periodontitis, the expression levels of IL-22 and AhR, as well as the Th1-, Th2-, Th17- and T regulatory-associated cytokines, were analyzed in periodontal lesions using qPCR. The detection of CD4+ IL-22+ AhR+ T lymphocytes was analyzed in periodontal lesions and cervical lymph nodes that drain these periodontal lesions using flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of the osteoclastogenic mediator called receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) was analyzed by qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Finally, alveolar bone resorption was analyzed using micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy, and the bone resorption levels were correlated with IL-22 and RANKL expression. RESULTS Higher levels of IL-22, AhR, and RANKL, as well as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α, were expressed in periodontal lesions of infected mice compared with periodontal tissues of sham-infected and non-infected controls. Similarly, high RANKL immunoreaction was observed in periodontal tissues of infected mice; however, few or absent RANKL immunoreaction was observed in controls. This association between RANKL and periodontal infection was ratified by western blot. Furthermore, a higher detection of CD4+ IL-22+ AhR+ T lymphocytes was found in periodontal lesions and cervical lymph nodes that drain these periodontal lesions in infected mice compared with non-infected controls. Finally, the increased IL-22 and RANKL expression showed positive correlation between them and with the augmented alveolar bone resorption observed in experimental periodontal lesions. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the increase of IL-22-expressing CD4+ AhR+ T lymphocytes in periodontitis-affected tissues and shows a positive correlation between IL-22, RANKL expression, and alveolar bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Monasterio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victoria Budini
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Baltasar Fernández
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Rojas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Pathology Laboratory, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Cafferata
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Emiliano Vicencio
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Genomic and Bioinformatic, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I Cortés
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Genomic and Bioinformatic, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Genomic and Bioinformatic, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Dentistry Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Georgiou AC, Crielaard W, Armenis I, de Vries R, van der Waal SV. Apical Periodontitis Is Associated with Elevated Concentrations of Inflammatory Mediators in Peripheral Blood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endod 2019; 45:1279-1295.e3. [PMID: 31542282 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apical periodontitis (AP), except for the local known consequences, may also be a systemic burden. Circulating inflammatory mediators that are released to sustain the AP lesion can in theory harm other bodily tissues. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the existing evidence on the influence of AP on the peripheral blood levels of inflammatory mediators and markers of systemic stress. METHODS A search of MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane was conducted up to and including February 2019 to identify studies in 5 different languages. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of the included studies. RESULTS Twelve of the 20 included studies were case-control studies, and 8 were intervention studies. The data of all the included studies were analyzed descriptively, whereas the data of 11 studies were available for meta-analyses. The study designs were heterogeneous. Nevertheless, the meta-analyses revealed statistically significant differences in C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and asymmetric dimethylarginine levels between AP subjects and controls in peripheral blood. In addition, the concentration of C3 complement fragment in peripheral blood was significantly lower after the treatment and resolution of AP than before. CONCLUSIONS The existing literature indicates that AP adds on to systemic inflammation by elevating C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and C3 levels. In order to overcome the issue of large variation between study designs, future studies should have clear inclusion criteria, preferably larger cohorts, adequate follow-up of all subjects, and a thorough presentation of the data to enable further exploration of the possible burden of AP on general human health. Nevertheless, there is now stronger evidence that AP contributes to low-grade systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Christina Georgiou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iakovos Armenis
- Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, Athens, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, "Laiko" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ralph de Vries
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzette V van der Waal
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Farhadihosseinabadi B, Salimi M, Kazemi B, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Ghanbarian H, Mozafari M, Niknejad H. Inducing type 2 immune response, induction of angiogenesis, and anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties make Lacto-n-Neotetraose (LNnT) a therapeutic choice to accelerate the wound healing process. Med Hypotheses 2019; 134:109389. [PMID: 31627122 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The healing process of non-healing and full-thickness wounds is currently facing some serious challenges. In such ulcers, losing a large part of skin causes a chronic infection due to the entrance of various pathogens in the wound bed. Moreover, poor vascularization, uncontrolled inflammation, and delayed re-epithelialization increase the healing time in patients suffering from such wounds. In this light, tissue engineering provides a wide range of strategies using a variety of biomaterials, biofactors and stem cells to decrease the healing time and restore the function of the damaged site. A suitable wound healing agent should possess some critical parameters such as inducing re-epithelialization, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties, and angiogenic capability. The Lacto-n-Neotetraose (LNnT) with chemical formula C26H45NO21 is an oligosaccharide present in human milk and soluble antigens extracted from Schistosoma mansoni eggs. It is reported that LNnT induces type 2 immune response (Th2 immunity). Th2 immunity promotes re-epithelialization, angiogenesis and wound contraction by recruiting the cells which produce Th2-related cytokines. Moreover, LNnT shows some special characteristics such as angiogenic capability, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial effects which can address the mentioned challenges in the treatment of non-healing and full-thickness wounds. Here, we hypothesize that utilizing LNnT is an appropriate biofactor which would improve the healing process in full-thickness and non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), PO Box 14155-4777, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cosme-Silva L, Dal-Fabbro R, Cintra LTA, Dos Santos VR, Duque C, Ervolino E, Mogami Bomfim S, Gomes-Filho JE. Systemic administration of probiotics reduces the severity of apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1738-1749. [PMID: 31356689 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of systemic administration of probiotics on the severity of apical periodontitis (AP). METHODOLOGY Twenty-four male Wistar rats were used. AP was induced in the maxillary left/right first molars. The animals were arranged into groups: Control, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Probiotics were administered orally for gavage (109 colony-forming units diluted in 5 mL of water for 30 days) during the development of AP. After 30 days, cardiac puncture was performed to analyse the complete blood count. Moreover, microbiological analysis of the root canal contents and saliva was performed. Then, the animals were euthanized and the jaw removed for histopathological and IL-10, IL-1β and IL-6 immunolabeling analyses. After the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality, the Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test was performed for nonparametric data, and analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test was performed for parametric data (P < 0.05). RESULTS No significance difference was observed in the blood profiles and in the counts of microorganisms from the saliva samples among the groups (P > 0.05). Total microorganism counts in the root canal, the inflammatory infiltrate and the immunostaining for IL-1β and IL-6 in AP were significantly lower in the probiotic groups when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). IL-10 was significantly more immunolabled in the probiotic groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Supplementation with probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus) had a significant effect on the severity of apical periodontitis in rats, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effect of probiotics on the development of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - C Duque
- Department of Paediatric and Social Dentistry
| | - E Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School
| | - S Mogami Bomfim
- Department of Clinic and Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Araçatuba Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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de Campos Soriani Azevedo M, Garlet TP, Francisconi CF, Colavite PM, Tabanez AP, Melchiades JL, Favaro Trombone AP, Sfeir C, Little S, Silva RM, Garlet GP. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Immunoregulatory Role at the Periapex: Associative and Mechanistic Evidences from Human and Experimental Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2019; 45:1228-1236. [PMID: 31402064 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The balance between the host proinflammatory immune response and the counteracting anti-inflammatory and reparative responses supposedly determine the outcome of periapical lesions. In this scenario, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) may exert a protective role because of its prominent immunoregulatory capacity. In this study, we investigated (in a cause-and-effect manner) the potential involvement of VIP in the development of human and experimental periapical lesions. METHODS Periapical granulomas (n = 124) and control samples (n = 48) were comparatively assessed for VIP and multiple immunologic/activity marker expression through real-time polymerase chain reaction. Experimental periapical lesions (C57Bl/6 wild-type mice) were evaluated regarding endogenous VIP expression correlation with lesion development and the effect of recombinant VIP therapy in lesion outcome. CCR4KO and IL4KO strains and anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein inhibition were used to test the involvement of Treg and Th2 cells in VIP-mediated effects. RESULTS VIP expression was more prevalent in periapical granulomas than in controls, presenting a positive association with immunoregulatory factors and an inverse association/correlation with proinflammatory mediators and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio. Endogenous VIP expression up-regulation was temporally associated with lesion immunoregulation and a decline of bone loss. VIP therapy in mice prompted the arrest of lesion development, being associated with an anti-inflammatory and proreparative response that limits the proinflammatory, Th1, Th17, and osteoclastogenic response in the periapex. The VIP protective effect was dependent of Treg migration and activity and independent of interleukin 4. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that VIP overexpression in human and experimental periapical lesions is associated with lesion inactivity and that VIP therapy results in the attenuation of experimental lesion progression associated with the immunosuppressive response involving Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Carolina Favaro Francisconi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Maria Colavite
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Petenuci Tabanez
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Lima Melchiades
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Charles Sfeir
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven Little
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Renato Menezes Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Alvarez C, Monasterio G, Cavalla F, Córdova LA, Hernández M, Heymann D, Garlet GP, Sorsa T, Pärnänen P, Lee HM, Golub LM, Vernal R, Kantarci A. Osteoimmunology of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases: Translational Applications Based on Biological Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1664. [PMID: 31379856 PMCID: PMC6657671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The maxillofacial skeleton is highly dynamic and requires a constant equilibrium between the bone resorption and bone formation. The field of osteoimmunology explores the interactions between bone metabolism and the immune response, providing a context to study the complex cellular and molecular networks involved in oro-maxillofacial osteolytic diseases. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the potential mechanisms underlying the immuno-pathobiology in etiologically-diverse diseases that affect the oral and maxillofacial region and share bone destruction as their common clinical outcome. These otherwise different pathologies share similar inflammatory pathways mediated by central cellular players, such as macrophages, T and B cells, that promote the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, ineffective or insufficient bone apposition by osteoblasts, and the continuous production of osteoclastogenic signals by immune and local stromal cells. We also present the potential translational applications of this knowledge based on the biological mechanisms involved in the inflammation-induced bone destruction. Such applications can be the development of immune-based therapies that promote bone healing/regeneration, the identification of host-derived inflammatory/collagenolytic biomarkers as diagnostics tools, the assessment of links between oral and systemic diseases; and the characterization of genetic polymorphisms in immune or bone-related genes that will help diagnosis of susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alvarez
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Córdova
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, San Jose's Hospital and Clínica Las Condes, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 1232, LabCT, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Gustavo P Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Gegen T, Zhu Y, Sun Q, Hou B. Role of interleukin-33 in the clinical pathogenesis of chronic apical periodontitis. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:3332-3343. [PMID: 31218936 PMCID: PMC6683938 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519854630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated interleukin (IL)-33 expression in chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) lesions and possible relationships with receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-Β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Methods Inflammatory cell infiltration in CAP lesions and samples of healthy periapical tissue (n = 30 each) was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. IL-33, RANKL, and OPG expression levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. In CAP lesions alone, relationships between mRNA level of IL-33 and mRNA levels of both RANKL and OPG were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. Results Histological analysis revealed a large number of inflammatory cells in CAP lesions, and immunohistochemistry revealed IL-33-positive cells. There were more IL-33- and RANKL-positive cells in CAP lesions than in healthy periapical tissue, whereas there were fewer OPG-positive cells in CAP lesions than in healthy periapical tissue. In CAP lesions alone, IL-33 mRNA level was negatively correlated with mRNA level of RANKL and positively correlated with mRNA level of OPG. Conclusions IL-33 is highly expressed in CAP lesions, where it is negatively correlated with RANKL and positively correlated with OPG expression. IL-33 may protect against bone resorption via RANKL suppression and OPG induction, and constitutes a potential target for CAP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tana Gegen
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanxia Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qinnuan Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Benxiang Hou
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Benxiang Hou, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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Braz-Silva PH, Bergamini ML, Mardegan AP, De Rosa CS, Hasseus B, Jonasson P. Inflammatory profile of chronic apical periodontitis: a literature review. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:173-180. [PMID: 30585523 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1521005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis caused by root canal infection is the most frequent pathological lesion in the jaws, mainly manifested as periapical granulomas and cysts. Understanding of the formation and progression of apical periodontitis as well as the identification of inflammatory biomarkers can help increase the knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms, improve the diagnosis and provide support for different therapeutic strategies. The objective of the present article is to review inflammatory biomarkers such as cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory cells, neuropeptides, RANK/RANKL/OPG system and other inflammatory markers and to relate these systems to the development and progression of pathological conditions related to apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lobo Bergamini
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pinto Mardegan
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Catharina Simioni De Rosa
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bengt Hasseus
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Jonasson
- Department of Endodontology, Institute of Odontology The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Xiong H, Wei L, Peng B. The Presence and involvement of interleukin-17 in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1128-1137. [PMID: 30859589 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by periapical tissue inflammation and destruction of the associated alveolar bone. It is caused by microbial infections within the root canal and the resultant host immune responses in the periapical tissues. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 has been shown to play an important role in many inflammatory diseases. There is increasing evidence of the presence of IL-17 in AP, which might be associated with disease pathogenesis. Moreover, several animal studies indicate the potential role of IL-17 in periapical inflammation and the resultant bone resorption in AP. This article reviews recent studies regarding the collective in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence of the presence and involvement of IL-17 in AP. A search related to IL-17 in apical periodontitis was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases using keywords and controlled vocabulary. Two independent reviewers first screened titles and abstracts and then the full texts that were included. A total of 25 papers were identified, of the 25 included articles, 7 involved laboratory studies on cell cultures, 11 involved animal experimentations, and 7 were observational studies using human clinical samples. In conclusion, evidence for the presence of IL-17 in AP from human and animal models is clear. However, there is relatively little information currently available that would highlight the specific role of IL-17 in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Wei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - B Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Production of Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand and Osteoprotegerin by Apical Periodontitis Cells in Culture and Their Modulation by Cytokines. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8325380. [PMID: 31011287 PMCID: PMC6442274 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8325380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RANKL, a bone-destructive cytokine, and OPG, its osteoprotective counterpart, are expressed in periapical lesions (PLs), which represent hystopatological manifestations of apical periodontitis. However, their regulation in PLs has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, our aim was to study the production of RANKL and OPG and their modulation by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in PL cell cultures. Isolated PL cells were cultured alone or with addition of TNF-α, IFN-ϒ, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10, and IL- 33, respectively. The levels of RANKL and OPG in supernatants were measured by ELISA. The proportion of CD3+ (T cells) and CD19+/CD138+ (B cells/plasma cells) within isolated PLs was determined by immunocytochemistry. The levels of RANKL were higher in cultures of symptomatic PLs compared to asymptomatic PLs and PLs with the dominance of T cells (T-type lesions) over B cells/plasma cells (B-type lesions). A higher proportion of osteodestructive processes (RANKL/OPG ratio > 1.0) were detected in symptomatic PLs. The production of RANKL was upregulated by IFN-ϒ and IL-17 and higher concentrations of IL-33. IL-10 and lower concentrations of IL-33 augmented the production of OPG. The addition of either RANKL or anti-RANKL antibody to the cultures did not modify significantly the production of OPG. In conclusion, this original PL cell culture model suggests that increased bone destruction through upregulated production of RANKL could be associated with exacerbation of inflammation in PLs with the predominance of Th1 and Th17 responses and increased secretion of IL-33. In contrast, IL-10 and lower levels of IL-33, through upregulation of OPG, may suppress osteolytic processes.
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Ebersole JL, Peyyala R, Gonzalez OA. Biofilm-induced profiles of immune response gene expression by oral epithelial cells. Mol Oral Microbiol 2019; 34. [PMID: 30407731 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the oral epithelial immunotranscriptome response patterns modulated by oral bacterial planktonic or biofilm challenge. We assessed gene expression patterns when epithelial cells were challenged with a multispecies biofilm composed of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis representing a type of periodontopathic biofilm compared to challenge with the same species of planktonic bacteria. Of the 579 human immunology genes, a substantial signal of the epithelial cells was observed to 181 genes. Biofilm challenged stimulated significant elevations compared to planktonic bacteria for IL32, IL8, CD44, B2M, TGFBI, NFKBIA, IL1B, CD59, IL1A, CCL20 representing the top 10 signals comprising 55% of the overall signal for the epithelial cell responses. Levels of PLAU, CD9, IFITM1, PLAUR, CD24, TNFSF10, and IL1RN were all elevated by each of the planktonic bacterial challenge vs the biofilm responses. While the biofilms up-regulated 123/579 genes (>2-fold), fewer genes were increased by the planktonic species (36 [S gordonii], 30 [F nucleatum], 44 [P gingivalis]). A wide array of immune genes were regulated by oral bacterial challenge of epithelial cells that would be linked to the local activity of innate and adaptive immune response components in the gingival tissues. Incorporating bacterial species into a structured biofilm dramatically altered the number and level of genes expressed. Additionally, a specific set of genes were significantly decreased with the multispecies biofilms suggesting that some epithelial cell biologic pathways are down-regulated when in contact with this type of pathogenic biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada.,College of Dentistry, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Rebecca Peyyala
- College of Dentistry, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Octavio A Gonzalez
- College of Dentistry, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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TOLEDO AOND, COUTO AMD, MADEIRA MFM, CALDEIRA PC, QUEIROZ-JUNIOR CM, AGUIAR MCFD. Cytokines and chemokines associated with Treg/Th17 response in chronic inflammatory periapical disease. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e093. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Colavite PM, Cavalla F, Garlet TP, Azevedo MDCS, Melchiades JL, Campanelli AP, Letra A, Trombone APF, Silva RM, Garlet GP. TBX21-1993T/C polymorphism association with Th1 and Th17 response at periapex and with periapical lesions development risk. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:609-619. [PMID: 30548981 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6a0918-339r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TBX21-1993T/C (rs4794067) polymorphism increases the transcriptional activity of the Tbx21, essential for interferon gamma (IFNg) transcription, but its functional impact on development Th1- response in vivo remains unclear, as well its potential influence over inflammatory osteolytic conditions, such as periapical lesions. Therefore, this study comprises a case-control and functional investigation of Tbx21 genetic variations impact on Th1 response in vivo and in vitro, and its impact on periapical lesions risk and outcome, performed with a population of healthy controls (H; N = 283) and patients presenting periapical lesions (L; N = 188) or deep caries (DC; N = 152). TBX21-1993T/C genotyping demonstrated that the polymorphic allele C, as well TC/TC+CC genotypes, was significantly less frequent in the L patients compared to H and DC groups. Additionally, gene expression analysis demonstrates that T-cell-specific T-box transcription factor (Tbet) and IFNg transcripts levels were downregulated whereas IL-17 levels were upregulated in the TBX21-1993 C carriers (TC/TC+CC) in comparison with the TT group. Also, while TT and TC+CC genotypes are equally prevalent in the lesions presenting low IFN/IL17 ratio, a significant decrease in polymorphic TC+CC genotypes was observed in lesions presenting intermediate and high IFN/IL17 ratio. In vitro experiments confirmed the predisposition to Th1 polarization associated with TBX21-1993, since PBMC CD4 T cells from T allele carriers produce higher IFNg levels upon CD3/CD28 stimulation than the C group, in both standard/neutral and Th1-polarizing culture conditions. In conclusion, the TBX21-1993 T allele and TC/CC genotypes predispose to Th1-type immune response development in vitro, influence immune response polarization in vivo, and consequently account for the risk for apical periodontitis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Maria Colavite
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thiago Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Jessica Lima Melchiades
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Renato Menezes Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Peyyala R, Emecen-Huja P, Ebersole JL. Environmental lead effects on gene expression in oral epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:961-971. [PMID: 30152021 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Host responses in periodontitis span a range of local and emigrating cell types and biomolecules. Accumulating evidence regarding the expression of this disease across the population suggests some component of genetic variation that controls onset and severity of disease, in concert with the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the oral microbiome at sites of disease. However, there remains little information regarding the capacity of accruing environmental stressors or modifiers over a lifespan at both the host genetic and microbial ecology levels to understand fully the population variation in disease. This study evaluated the impact of environmental lead exposure on the responses of oral epithelial cells to challenge with a model pathogenic oral biofilm. METHODS AND RESULTS Using NanoString technology to quantify gene expression profiles of an array of 511 host response-associated genes in the epithelial cells, we identified an interesting primary panel of basal responses of the cells with numerous genes not previously considered as major response markers for epithelial cells, eg, interleukin (IL)-32, CTNNB1, CD59, MIF, CD44 and CD99. Even high levels of environment lead had little effect on these constitutive responses. Challenge of the cells with the biofilms (Streptococcus gordonii/Fusobacterium nucleatum/Porphyromonas gingivalis) resulted in significant increases in an array of host immune-related genes (134 of 511). The greatest magnitude in differential expression was observed with many genes not previously described as major response genes in epithelial cells, including IL-32, CD44, NFKBIA, CTSC, TNFAIP3, IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-8 and CCL20. The effects of environmental lead on responses to the biofilms were mixed, although levels of IL-8, CCL20 and CD70 were significantly decreased at lead concentrations of 1 and/or 5 μmol/L. CONCLUSION The results provided new information on a portfolio of genes expressed by oral epithelial cells, targeted substantial increases in an array of immune-related genes post-biofilm challenge, and a focused impact of environmental lead on these induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Peyyala
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Pinar Emecen-Huja
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Moonen CGJ, Alders ST, Bontkes HJ, Schoenmaker T, Nicu EA, Loos BG, de Vries TJ. Survival, Retention, and Selective Proliferation of Lymphocytes Is Mediated by Gingival Fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1725. [PMID: 30140265 PMCID: PMC6094995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium, is characterized by osteoclast-mediated alveolar bone destruction. Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) present in the bone-lining mucosa have the capacity to activate the formation of osteoclasts, but little is known about which local immune cells (co-)mediate this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular interactions of GFs with immune cells, including the contribution of GFs to osteoclast formation and their possible role in the proliferation of these immune cells. In addition, we investigated the expression of adhesion molecules and the inflammatory cytokines that are evoked by this interaction. GFs were cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD14+ monocytes or peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) for 7, 14, and 21 days. After 21 days, comparable numbers of multinucleated cells (osteoclasts) were found in gingival fibroblast (GF)-PBMC and GF-monocyte cocultures. No osteoclasts were formed in GF-PBL cocultures, indicating that the PBLs present in GF-PBMC cocultures do not contribute to osteoclastogenesis. Persisting mononuclear cells were interacting with osteoclasts in GF-PBMC cocultures. Remarkably, a predominance of CD3+ T cells was immunohistochemically detected in GF cocultures with PBLs and PBMCs for 21 days that frequently interacted with osteoclasts. Significantly more T, B (CD19+), and NK (CD56+CD3-) cells were identified with multicolor flow cytometry in both GF-PBMC and GF-PBL cocultures compared to monocultures without GFs at all time points. GFs retained PBLs independently of the presence of monocytes or osteoclasts over time, showing a stable population of T, B, and NK cells between 7 and 21 days. T helper and cytotoxic T cell subsets remained stable over time in GF cocultures, while the number of Th17 cells fluctuated. Lymphocyte retention is likely mediated by lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) expression, which was significantly higher in GF-PBL cultures compared to GF-monocyte cultures. When assessing inflammatory cytokine expression, high tumor necrosis alpha expression was only observed in the GF-PBMC cultures, indicating that this tripartite presence of GFs, monocytes, and lymphocytes is required for such an induction. Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-labeling showed that only the CD3+ cells proliferated in presence of GFs. This study demonstrates a novel role for GFs in the survival, retention, and selective proliferation of lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G J Moonen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sven T Alders
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hetty J Bontkes
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena A Nicu
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Opris Dent SRL, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Wichnieski C, Maheshwari K, Souza LC, Nieves F, Tartari T, Garlet GP, Carneiro E, Letra A, Silva RM. DNA methylation profiles of immune response-related genes in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2018; 52:5-12. [PMID: 29904933 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the DNA methylation profiles of immune response-related genes in apical periodontitis (AP) lesions. METHODOLOGY The methylation profiles on the cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) regions of 22 gene promoters involved in inflammation and autoimmunity were assessed in 60 human AP lesions and 24 healthy periodontal ligaments (controls) using a pathway-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction array (EpiTect® Methyl Signature PCR Array Human Inflammatory Response). Differentially methylated genes were subsequently assessed for their mRNA expression. Data analyses (One-way anova, Tukey's multiple comparisons tests and Mann-Whitney tests) were performed using GraphPad Prism 6 software. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Significant DNA hypermethylation was observed for CXCL3 and FADD gene promoters in AP lesions when compared to control tissues (P < 0.001) and among other genes (P < 0.05). In contrast, IL12B and IL4R were associated with significant hypomethylation in comparison to other genes (P < 0.05). IL12B, IL4R, CXCL3 and FADD had differential mRNA expression in AP lesions and controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Differential methylation profiles of immune response-related genes, such as FADD, CXCL3, IL12B and IL4R, may have an influence on individual AP susceptibility and patient treatment outcomes, through their potential contributions to altered expression of disease-relevant genes. Methylation and/or genetic variations in additional genes may also contribute to the dynamics of AP development and should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wichnieski
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry at Houston, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Maheshwari
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L C Souza
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry at Houston, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Nieves
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Tartari
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry at Houston, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G P Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Carneiro
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry at Houston, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry at Houston, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R M Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry at Houston, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Biguetti CC, Cavalla F, Silveira EM, Fonseca AC, Vieira AE, Tabanez AP, Rodrigues DC, Trombone APF, Garlet GP. Oral implant osseointegration model in C57Bl/6 mice: microtomographic, histological, histomorphometric and molecular characterization. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170601. [PMID: 29898187 PMCID: PMC5963915 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the successful clinical application of titanium (Ti) as a biomaterial, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for Ti osseointegration remains unclear, especially because of the limited methodological tools available in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil.,Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elcia M Silveira
- Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Bauru, Brasil
| | - Angélica Cristina Fonseca
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Andreia Espindola Vieira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Alagoas, Brasil
| | - Andre Petenuci Tabanez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Danieli C Rodrigues
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | | | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
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