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Li X, Yang J, Shi E, Lu Y, Song X, Luo H, Wang J, Liang C, Zhang J. Riboflavin alleviates fluoride-induced ferroptosis by IL-17A-independent system Xc -/GPX4 pathway and iron metabolism in testicular Leydig cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123332. [PMID: 38199481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride is widely found in groundwater, soil, animal and plant organisms. Excessive fluoride exposure can cause reproductive dysfunction by activating IL-17A signaling pathway. However, the adverse effects of fluoride on male reproductive system and the mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, the wild type and IL-17A knockout C57BL/6J mouse were treated with 24 mg/kg·bw·d sodium fluoride and/or 5 mg/kg·bw·d riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium for 91 days. Results showed that fluoride caused dental fluorosis, increased the levels of ROS in testicular Leydig cells and GSSG in testicular tissue, and did not affect the iron and serum hepcidin levels in testicular tissue. Riboflavin alleviated above adverse changes, whereas IL-17A does not participate in the oxidative stress-mediated reproductive toxicity of fluoride. Based on this, TM3 cells were used to verify the injury of fluoride on Leydig cells. Results showed that fluoride increased mRNA levels of ferroptosis marker SLC3A2, VDAC3, TFRC, and SLC40A1 and decreased Nrf2 mRNA levels in TM3 cells. The ferroptosis inhibitor Lip-1 and DFO were used to further investigate the relationship between male reproductive toxicity and ferroptosis induced by fluoride. We found that the fluoride-induced decrease in cell viability, increase in xCT, TFRC, and FTH protein expression, and decrease in GPX4 protein expression, can all be rescued by Lip-1 and DFO. Similar results were also observed in the riboflavin treatment group. Moreover, riboflavin mitigated fluoride-induced increases in ROS levels and SLC3A2 protein levels. In all, our work revealed that riboflavin inhibited ferroptosis in testicular Leydig cells and improved the declined male reproductive function caused by fluoride. This study provides new perspectives for revealing new male reproductive toxicity mechanisms and mitigating fluoride toxicity damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030800, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030800, PR China
| | - Erbao Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030800, PR China
| | - Yiguang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030800, PR China
| | - Xiaochao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030800, PR China
| | - Huifeng Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030800, PR China
| | - Jundong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030800, PR China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030800, PR China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030800, PR China.
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Velez-León E, Pacheco-Quito EM, Díaz-Dosque M, Tobar-Almache D. Worldwide Variations in Fluoride Content in Beverages for Infants. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1896. [PMID: 38136098 PMCID: PMC10741400 DOI: 10.3390/children10121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In situations where breastfeeding is impractical, milk formulas have emerged as the primary choice for infant nutrition. Numerous global studies have scrutinized the fluoride content in these formulas, uncovering fluctuations in fluoride levels directly associated with the method of preparation. This variability poses a potential risk of elevated fluoride concentrations and, consequently, an increased susceptibility to dental fluorosis in infants. The primary objective of this review is to intricately delineate the fluoride content in dairy formulas and emphasize the variability of these values concerning their reconstitution process. The review's findings reveal that, among the 17 studies assessing fluoride levels in infant formula, milk-based formulas exhibit a range of 0.01-0.92 ppm, with only two studies exceeding 1.30 ppm. Conversely, soy-based formulas demonstrate values ranging from 0.13-1.11 ppm. In conclusion, the observed variability in fluoride levels in infant formulas is ascribed to the choice of the water source employed in the preparation process. This underscores the paramount importance of meticulously adhering to recommendations and guidelines provided by healthcare professionals concerning the utilization of these formulas and their meticulous reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonor Velez-León
- Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador;
- Grupo de Investigación Innovación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Jefatura de Investigación e Innovación, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador
- Latin American Network of Research on Fluorides and Dental Fluorosis, Cartagena 130009, Colombia; (M.D.-D.); (D.T.-A.)
| | - Edisson-Mauricio Pacheco-Quito
- Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador;
- Grupo de Investigación Innovación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Jefatura de Investigación e Innovación, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador
- Latin American Network of Research on Fluorides and Dental Fluorosis, Cartagena 130009, Colombia; (M.D.-D.); (D.T.-A.)
| | - Mario Díaz-Dosque
- Latin American Network of Research on Fluorides and Dental Fluorosis, Cartagena 130009, Colombia; (M.D.-D.); (D.T.-A.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Daniela Tobar-Almache
- Latin American Network of Research on Fluorides and Dental Fluorosis, Cartagena 130009, Colombia; (M.D.-D.); (D.T.-A.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago 8380544, Chile
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Distribution of Dental Fluorosis in the Southern Zone of Ecuador: An Epidemiological Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11030071. [PMID: 36975568 PMCID: PMC10047061 DOI: 10.3390/dj11030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the increase in fluoride exposure has raised the numbers of dental fluorosis in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities In Ecuador, but the last national epidemiological study on DF was conducted more than a decade ago. The objective of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to determine the prevalence, distribution and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) using the Dean index in 1606 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years from urban and rural environments in provinces that make up the Southern Region of Ecuador. Participants met the inclusion criteria which were age, locality, informed consent document and no legal impediment. The results are presented using percentage frequency measures and chi-square associations. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 50.1% in the areas of Azuay, Cañar and Morona Santiago, with no significant differences (x2 = 5.83, p = 0.054). The types of DF found most frequently were very mild and mild in all provinces; a moderate degree was more prevalent in Cañar (17%). There was no significant association (p > 0.05) between sex and the presence of dental fluorosis and, with respect to severity, the most frequent degree was moderate at the age of 12 years. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the area evaluated is high, especially in the light and very light degrees, with a tendency toward moderate levels. It is necessary to carry out studies on the factors that are predisposing to the development of this pathology in the population studied. This research is an update regarding this pathology in Ecuador, so it is concluded that it is necessary to continue developing studies based on the findings obtained, thus contributing to the public health of the country.
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Zhao S, Guo J, Xue H, Meng J, Xie D, Liu X, Yu Q, Zhong H, Jiang P. Systematic impacts of fluoride exposure on the metabolomics of rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113888. [PMID: 35872488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is widely present in the environment. Excessive fluoride exposure leads to fluorosis, which has become a global public health problem and will cause damage to various organs and tissues. Only a few studies focus on serum metabolomics, and there is still a lack of systematic metabolomics associated with fluorosis within the main organs. Therefore, in the current study, a non-targeted metabolomics method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to research the effects of fluoride exposure on metabolites in different organs, to uncover potential biomarkers and study whether the affected metabolic pathways are related to the mechanism of fluorosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a fluoride exposure group. GC-MS technology was used to identify metabolites. Multivariate statistical analysis identified 16, 24, 20, 20, 24, 13, 7, and 13 differential metabolites in the serum, liver, kidney, heart, hippocampus, cortex, kidney fat, and brown fat, respectively, in the two groups of rats. Fifteen metabolic pathways were affected, involving toxic mechanisms such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and fatty acid, amino acid and energy metabolism disorders. This study provides a new perspective on the understanding of the mechanism of toxicity associated with sodium fluoride, contributing to the prevention and treatment of fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Zhao
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Jinxiu Guo
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Hongjia Xue
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Junjun Meng
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Dadi Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen 041000, China.
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Department of Oncology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Haitao Zhong
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
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Babu S, Manoharan S, Ottappilakkil H, Perumal E. Role of oxidative stress-mediated cell death and signaling pathways in experimental fluorosis. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110106. [PMID: 35985521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals and other oxidants have enticed the interest of researchers in the fields of biology and medicine, owing to their role in several pathophysiological conditions, including fluorosis (Fluoride toxicity). Radical species affect cellular biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, resulting in oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress is a common denominator in fluoride toxicity. Fluorosis is a global health concern caused by excessive fluoride consumption over time. Fluoride alters the cellular redox homeostasis, and its toxicity leads to the activation of cell death mechanisms like apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. Even though a surfeit of signaling pathways is involved in fluorosis, their toxicity mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, this review aims to understand the role of reactive species in fluoride toxicity with an outlook on the effects of fluoride in vitro and in vivo models. Also, we emphasized the signal transduction pathways and the mechanism of cell death implicated in fluoride-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srija Babu
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suryaa Manoharan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harsheema Ottappilakkil
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Silva MCC, Lima CCB, Lima MDDMD, Moura LDFADD, Tabchoury CPM, Moura MSD. Effect of fluoridated water on dental caries and fluorosis in schoolchildren who use fluoridated dentifrice. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:75-83. [PMID: 34755792 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence and severity of dental caries and fluorosis in children and adolescents using fluoridated toothpaste, from areas with and without fluoridated water. Parents of 5-year-old children and 12-year-old adolescents from neighbourhoods that are supplied with and without fluoridated water answered questionnaires for determining socio-economic and demographic characteristics and habits related to oral health. The individuals were examined, and dental caries and fluorosis were measured by dmft/DMFT and TF indexes, respectively. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Of 692 participants, 47.7% were 5-year-olds and 52.3% were 12-year-olds. The mean dmft/DMFT in the 5-year-olds/ 12-year-olds from Exposed and Not Exposed fluoridated water groups was 1.53 (± 2.47) and 3.54 (± 4.10) / 1.53 (± 1.81) and 3.54 (± 3.82), respectively. Children (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.71-4.75) and adolescents (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.24-3.05), who did not consume fluoridated water, had greater caries experience. Among adolescents, there was an association between fluoridated water and the prevalence of very mild/mild fluorosis (OR = 5.45, 95% CI: 3.23-9.19) and moderate fluorosis (OR = 11.11, 95% CI = 4.43-27.87). Children and adolescents, who consumed fluoridated water, presented lower prevalence and severity of dental caries compared to those who used only fluoridated toothpaste as the source of fluoride. There is an association between water fluoridation and very mild/mild and moderate fluorosis in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcoeli Silva de Moura
- Department of Pathology and Dental Clinics, Federal University of Piauí. Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
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Rojanaworarit C, Claudio L, Howteerakul N, Siramahamongkol A, Ngernthong P, Kongtip P, Woskie S. Hydrogeogenic fluoride in groundwater and dental fluorosis in Thai agrarian communities: a prevalence survey and case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:545. [PMID: 34686164 PMCID: PMC8532340 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental fluorosis can be a disease of social inequity in access to safe drinking water. This dental public health issue becomes prominent in socially disadvantaged agrarian communities in fluoride endemic areas where the standard irrigation system is unavailable and groundwater containing natural fluoride is the major drinking water source. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in children and to evaluate its association with fluoride in groundwater in the aforementioned setting in Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 289 children in Nakhon Pathom Province was conducted in 2015. Children with very mild to severe fluorosis were regarded as ‘cases’ while their counterparts were ‘controls’ for a subsequent case–control study. Records of fluoride concentrations in groundwater used for household supply corresponding to resident and number of years by age of each child during 2008–2015 were retrieved. Other exposure variables were measured using a questionnaire. Prevalence ratio (PR), a measure indicating the relative effect of different levels of fluoride on dental fluorosis, was obtained from Poisson regression with robust standard error. Result There were 157 children with very mild to moderate dental fluorosis (54.3% prevalence). The univariable analysis revealed that the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children with fluoride concentrations in water sources of 0.7–1.49 (index category 1) and ≥ 1.5 ppm (index category 2) was 1.62 (95% CI; 0.78, 3.34) and 2.75 (95% CI; 1.42, 5.31) times the prevalence among those with fluoride < 0.7 ppm (referent category). After adjusting for all covariates, the adjusted prevalence ratios in both index categories were 1.64 (95% CI; 0.24, 11.24) and 2.85 (95% CI; 0.44, 18.52) which were close to their corresponding crude estimates. Since the magnitude of confounding, measured by (PRcrude–PRadjusted)/PRadjusted, were less than 10% for both index categories; this indicated the limited confounding effect of all covariates. Conclusions In fluoride endemic areas, groundwater containing natural fluoride utilized for household consumption resulted in high dental fluorosis prevalence, particularly in the groundwater with fluoride concentrations of ≥ 1.5 ppm. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01902-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanapong Rojanaworarit
- Department of Health Professions, School of Health Professions and Human Services, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Luz Claudio
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nopporn Howteerakul
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Saldarriaga A, Rojas-Gualdrón DF, Restrepo M, Bussaneli DG, Fragelli C, de Cássia Loiola Cordeiro R, Santos-Pinto L, Jeremias F. Clinical changes in the severity of dental fluorosis: a longitudinal evaluation. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:366. [PMID: 34294056 PMCID: PMC8299689 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental fluorosis (DF) has been one of the most prevalent pediatric dental conditions associated with aesthetic concern and treatment needs. This study aimed to identify the longitudinal clinical change in the severity of DF in 8-12-year-old children and its association with gender, age, severity, and tooth type. METHODS This observational study assessed the dental aspects of the 92 Colombian children in 2015 (mean age at beginning 9.71 years ± 1.23) and 2018 (mean age 13.69 years ± 1.41), from an area with high DF prevalence. DF was recorded in all permanent teeth by two calibrated examiners using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI). DF severity change (maximum-TFI-score) was analyzed with descriptive analysis at the tooth level. Associated factors were evaluated with the generalized linear model, binomial family, and logarithmic link function. RESULTS TFI scores ranged between 1 (very mild) to 6 (severe), being score 2 (41.7%) the most prevalent. After three years, 29.6% of the teeth presented score reduction, 24.1%, increased and 46.3% did not change; the significant association was related to increasing of the basal TFI = 1 score (44.2%) (RR = 9.7; 95% CI 1.7-56.5; p = 0.01) and with canines, premolars and second-permanent-molars teeth group (RR = 3.3; 95% CI 1.9-5.6; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION The present study based on clinical features about DF confirms the dynamic post-eruptive nature of this condition. After three years of follow-up, a considerable proportion of the teeth changed to a higher score. Furthermore, the canines, premolars, and second-permanent-molars showed a higher incidence of an increase in severity of TFI score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Saldarriaga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP 14801-903 Brazil
- Research Department, School of Dentistry, CES University, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Manuel Restrepo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP 14801-903 Brazil
| | - Diego Girotto Bussaneli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP 14801-903 Brazil
| | - Camila Fragelli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP 14801-903 Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Loiola Cordeiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP 14801-903 Brazil
| | - Lourdes Santos-Pinto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP 14801-903 Brazil
| | - Fabiano Jeremias
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP 14801-903 Brazil
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Recent advances in cellular effects of fluoride: an update on its signalling pathway and targeted therapeutic approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5661-5673. [PMID: 34254226 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride is a natural element essential in minute quantities in human's to maintain dental and skeletal health. However, the disease fluorosis manifests itself due to excessive fluoride intake mostly through drinking water and sometimes through food. At the cellular energetics level, fluoride is a known inhibitor of glycolysis. At the tissue level, the effect of fluoride has been more pronounced in the musculoskeletal systems due to its ability to retain fluoride. Fluoride alters dentinogenesis, thereby affecting the tooth enamel formation. In bones, fluoride alters the osteogenesis by replacing calcium, thus resulting in bone deformities. In skeletal muscles, high concentration and long term exposure to fluoride causes loss of muscle proteins leading to atrophy. Although fluorosis is quite a familiar problem, the exact molecular pathway is not yet clear. Extensive research on the effects of fluoride on various organs and its toxicity was reported. Indeed, it is clear that high and chronic exposure to fluoride causes cellular apoptosis. Accordingly, in this review, we have highlighted fluoride-mediated apoptosis via two vital pathways, mitochondrial-mediated and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. This review also elaborates on new cellular energetic, apoptotic pathways and therapeutic strategies targeted to treat fluorosis.
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Tkachenko H, Kurhaluk N, Skaletska N, Maksin V, Osadowski Z. Elemental Status and Lipid Peroxidation in the Blood of Children with Endemic Fluorosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1237-1245. [PMID: 32557098 PMCID: PMC7886736 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the levels of trace elements, minerals, and toxic elements as well as lipid peroxidation biomarkers (lipid acyl hydroperoxides, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) in the blood of children with chronic fluorosis from endemic fluorosis areas (Sosnivka village, Lviv region, western Ukraine). The results were compared with healthy children from Staryi Sambir (Lviv region, western Ukraine), whose drinking water contained permissible levels (< 1 ppm) of fluoride. Thirty-one children from the Sosnivka village in the Lviv region, including 16 females and 15 males aged 7-10 years, with clinically diagnosed fluorosis, were recruited for the study. The children had been exposed to fluoride (> 1.5 ppm) through drinking water for more than 5 years. In the blood, eight macro- and microelements (calcium, zinc, potassium, iron, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium), five additional elements (sulfur, bromine, chlorine, nickel, strontium), and four toxic elements (lead, mercury, cadmium, mercury) were assessed with the X-ray fluorescence method. The results of our study demonstrated a 14-fold decrease in the copper level, a 2.5-fold decrease in the calcium and zinc levels, and a 2-fold decrease in the selenium level in the blood of children with chronic fluorosis compared with the healthy children from the non-fluorosis area. In turn, a 1.7- and 1.4-fold increase in the strontium and lead content, respectively, was noted. The sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, and selenium levels in the blood samples of children with chronic fluorosis were lower than the reference value. The children had higher blood TBARS levels, while the acyl hydroperoxide levels were non-significantly increased in comparison with healthy children living in the non-fluorosis area. Additionally, the bromine level was correlated positively with the selenium level and acyl hydroperoxides. However, more studies are needed to clarify the relationship between blood mineral status, oxidative stress biomarkers, and chronic fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna Tkachenko
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences,, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski Str. 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences,, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski Str. 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland.
| | | | - Viktor Maksin
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Zbigniew Osadowski
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences,, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski Str. 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland
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Lou D, Luo Y, Liu J, Zheng D, Ma R, Chen F, Yu Y, Guan Z. Refinement Impairments of Verbal-Performance Intelligent Quotient in Children Exposed to Fluoride Produced by Coal Burning. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:482-489. [PMID: 32363519 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore the relationship between total intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), performance intelligence quotient (PIQ), and fluoride exposure in children aged 8-12 years in coal-burning fluorosis area of Dafang County, Guizhou Province, China. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised in China (WISC-CR) was used to test the total IQ, VIQ, and PIQ in 99 children aged 8-12 years (55 in dental fluorosis group and 44 in control group). The differences in the intellectual levels between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between the intellectual level of children exposed to fluoride and the exposure dose of fluoride was analyzed. The VIQ, PIQ, and total IQ in the dental fluorosis group were 85.64 ± 16.53, 94.87 ± 12.73, and 88.51 ± 12.77, respectively, and these were lower than those in the control group (94.34 ± 16.04, 99.23 ± 12.44, and 96.64 ± 11.70, respectively). Significant difference was observed in VIQ and total IQ between the two groups (P = 0.002, P = 0.01), but not in the PIQ (P > 0.05). Each item of VIQ impairment (common sense, similar, arithmetic, vocabulary, and understanding) was significantly lower than those without VIQ impairment in the dental fluorosis group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in two items of building blocks and decoding between PIQ impairment and normal group (P < 0.05). Children with fluorosis in coal-burning areas had impaired IQ and obviously had impaired VIQ. Thus, the language learning ability should be strengthened in children exposed to fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didong Lou
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Luo
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangping Chen
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Yu
- Key Laboratory of Local Diseases and Minority Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Local Diseases and Minority Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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Faruk EM, Alasmari WA, Fouad H, Nafea OE, Hasan RAA. Extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair functional and structural rat adrenal gland damage induced by fluoride. Life Sci 2021; 270:119122. [PMID: 33508294 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal glands have striking morpho-biochemical features that render them vulnerable to the effects of toxins. AIMS This study was conducted to explore the therapeutic utility of extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-EVs) against fluoride-induced adrenal toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The work included isolation and further identification of BMSC-EVs by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometric analysis. Adrenal toxicity in rats was induced by oral administration of 300 ppm of sodium fluoride (NaF) in drinking water for 60 days followed by a single dose injection of BMSC-EVs. The effects of BMSC-EVs against NaF was evaluated by adrenal oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers, hormonal assay of plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) and mRNA gene expression quantitation for adrenal cortical steroidogenic pathway-encoding genes. Histopathological examination of the adrenal tissue was performed. KEY FINDINGS BMSC-EVs were effectively isolated and characterized. NaF exposure decreased adrenal superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, increased adrenal malondialdehyde levels, elevated plasma ACTH, diminished CORT concentrations and downregulated the adrenal cortical steroidogenic pathway-encoding genes. In addition, NaF-induced marked adrenal histopathological lesions. SIGNIFICANCE BMSC-EVs treatment repaired damaged adrenal tissue and recovered its function greatly following NaF consumption. BMSC-EVs reversed the toxic effects of NaF and reprogramed injured adrenal cells by activating regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mohamed Faruk
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan Fouad
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola Elsayed Nafea
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rehab Abd Allah Hasan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls (AFMG), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Shyam R, Bhadravathi Chaluvaiah M, Kumar A, Pahwa M, Rani G, Phogat R. Impact of dental fluorosis on the oral health related quality of life among 11- to 14-year-old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana (India). Int Dent J 2020; 70:340-346. [PMID: 32358889 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the impact of dental fluorosis on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 11- to 14-year-old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana (India). MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,200 school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana. Using cluster random sampling, three districts out of 14 endemic fluoride districts were selected, and children 11-14 years of age were examined. A child perception questionnaire (CPQ11-14 ) (Hindi version) evaluated the impact of dental fluorosis on OHRQoL. The Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (TFI) was used for assessing dental fluorosis. The data were analysed using SPSS version 18, and non-parametric tests were used to assess the significance. The regression analysis was used to determine the effect of change in CPQ scores with dental fluorosis at P < 0.05. RESULTS The study participants included 45.3% males and 54.7% females among which mild to moderate level of dental fluorosis was identified with mean mean TFI Scores being 3.19 ± 1.55. Children without dental fluorosis had 1.17 times more odd of percieving their oral health as excellent/good when compared to children with dental fluorosis (P < 0.05). Study subjects with dental fluorosis did not have higher mean CPQ11-14 domain and total scores when compared with subjects without dental fluorosis. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that mild dental fluorosis did not affect the OHRQoL of the children in the endemic fluoride areas of Haryana in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhey Shyam
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Manjunath Bhadravathi Chaluvaiah
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - ManjuBala Pahwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Geeta Rani
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Phogat
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Ramanarayanan V, Janakiram C, Joseph J, Krishnakumar K. Oral health care system analysis: A case study from India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1950-1957. [PMID: 32670946 PMCID: PMC7346917 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1191_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The health system of Kerala, India has won many accolades in having health indicators comparable to developed countries. But oral health has not received its due importance at the policy level. With the burden of oral diseases on the rise in the state, a critical introspection of the existing system is warranted. The objective of this review was to assess the oral health care system in Kerala to provide policy solutions. METHODS This study adopted a mixed methodological approach that gathered information from the primary and secondary sources, which included health facility surveys, key informant interviews, review of published literature, and websites of governmental and non-governmental bodies. The WHO framework of health system building blocks was adapted for the assessment. RESULTS A review of epidemiological studies conducted in Kerala suggests that the prevalence of oral diseases is high with the prevalence of dental caries at the age of 12 years ranging from 37-69%. The state has a dentist population ratio of 1:2200 which is well within the prescribed ratio by WHO (1:7500). Only 2% of dentists in Kerala work with government sector catering to 0.6 million of the approximately 33.4 million population. This point to the absence of oral care in first contact levels like primary health centers. Service delivery is chiefly through the private sector and payment for dental care is predominantly through out-of-pocket expenditure. CONCLUSION Despite having the best health indicators, the oral health system of Kerala is deficient in many aspects. Reorientation of oral health services is required to combat the burden of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrashekar Janakiram
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Joe Joseph
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K Krishnakumar
- Civil Surgeon, District Hospital, Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Miranda-Rius J, Brunet-Llobet L, Lahor-Soler E, Mrina O, Mashala EI, Mahande MJ. Periodontal and dental conditions of a school population in a volcanic region of Tanzania with highly fluoridated community drinking water. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:476-487. [PMID: 33402936 PMCID: PMC7750069 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental fluorosis is endemic in the Rift Valley in Africa, especially around volcanic areas, due to the high fluoride content in daily drinking water. Objective This study evaluates the oral health status and types of occlusion in a school population, and to assess the possible association between dental fluorosis and other pathologies such as decay, gingivitis and periodontitis. Material and methods An observational study of 581 individuals recruited from a public secondary school in Arusha, Northern Tanzania was undertaken. The indices used were: the Silness & Löe Plaque Index, the Community Periodontal Index and the Decayed/Missing/Filled index. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed and a chi-square test was used to assess the associations between independent variables. Results Almost all the school children evaluated (96.73%) presented Angle class I dental occlusion, and 75.22% presented some degree of dental fluorosis. Most of the population (511, 87.95%) showed bleeding on probing. A moderate/high degree of some dental pathology (DMF score) was recorded in 14.46%. The association between dental fluorosis, gingival bleeding and tooth decay indicated a higher concentration of pathology in groups with more severe fluorosis (p<0.05). Conclusion In this large population sample, both tooth decay and gingivitis were significantly associated with moderate or severe dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Miranda-Rius
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics & Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDECORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Brunet-Llobet
- Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics & Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDECORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Lahor-Soler
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics & Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDECORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ombeni Mrina
- Dental & Oral Department, Soweto General Hospital, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Elias I Mashala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Mount Meru Regional Hospital, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Michael J Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Institute of Public Health. Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMU College), Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania
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de Siqueira MFG, de Sousa ET, Alves VF, Sampaio FC, Diniz MB. Maternal report underestimates the amount of dentifrice used by children during toothbrushing: a cross-sectional study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019; 20:603-607. [PMID: 31087255 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-019-00443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated whether the report of mothers about the amount of dentifrice applied on a toothbrush could be a reliable method to estimate the inadvertent use of dentifrices. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a randomly selected sample of 334 mothers of children enrolled in public day care centres of a city in the Brazilian northeast. Initially, the mothers chose the figure corresponding to the amount of dentifrice used during their children's daily toothbrushing. Then, they simulated real-life conditions with the toothbrush routinely used to brush the children's teeth. The amount of dentifrice on toothbrush was weighted using an analytical scale. Data were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The weight of dentifrice on the toothbrush was high (> 0.3 g), mainly considering the categories 'covered only' and 'completely covered' that showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). The proportion of agreement between the mothers' reports and the weight of dentifrice on the toothbrush was 0.23 (CI 0.18-0.28). CONCLUSION The mothers' report regarding the amount of dentifrice on the toothbrush by demonstrative figures was not a reliable method to estimate the inadvertent ingestion of fluoride from dentifrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F G de Siqueira
- Department of Dentistry, University Center of João Pessoa, Br 230-Km 22 s/n, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - E T de Sousa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas University, 901 Limeira Avenue, Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - V F Alves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas University, 901 Limeira Avenue, Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - F C Sampaio
- Department of Public Health and Clinic Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - M B Diniz
- Department of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sundfeld D, Pavani CC, Pini N, Machado LS, Schott TC, Sundfeld RH. Enamel Microabrasion and Dental Bleaching on Teeth Presenting Severe-pitted Enamel Fluorosis: A Case Report. Oper Dent 2019; 44:566-573. [PMID: 30702410 DOI: 10.2341/18-116-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present clinical case report describes the clinical steps of enamel microabrasion associated with dental bleaching to restore severely-pitted fluorosed teeth. The process of removing the fluorotic superficial stains started by using macroabrasion with a water-cooled fine tapered 3195 FF diamond bur. Rubber dam isolation of the operative field was used to remove the remaining enamel stains and superficial irregularities with the Opalustre microabrasive compound (6.6% hydrochloric acid associated with silicon carbide particles) followed by polishing using fluoridated paste and subsequent 2% neutral fluoride gel topical application. After one month, dental bleaching was performed using 10% carbamide peroxide in custom-formed acetate trays for two hours/day for 42 days. The association of enamel microabrasion with dental bleaching was effective for reestablishing the dental esthetics of a patient with severe dental fluorosis.
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Meireles SS, Goettems ML, Castro KS, Sampaio FC, Demarco FF. Dental Fluorosis Treatment Can Improve the Individuals' OHRQoL? Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:109-116. [PMID: 29898055 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of two treatment protocols for dental fluorosis in individuals enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Seventy volunteers, who lived in a fluorosis endemic area in Brazil, and had at least four maxillary anterior teeth showing fluorosis with a Thylstrup and Fejerskov index from 1 to 7, were randomized into two treatment groups (n= 35): GI- enamel microabrasion; or GII- microabrasion associated with at-home bleaching. Microabrasion was performed using 37% phosphoric acid and pumice, and at-home tooth bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide in a tray. Volunteers completed a questionnaire at baseline and 1-month post treatment to assess changes in OHRQoL, using the Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP). Differences in overall impact scores between and within treatment groups were analyzed with Wilcoxon (within) and Mann-Whitney (between) tests. Changes in performance scores were analyzed using Wilcoxon tests (a< 0.05). One month after treatment, subjects reported improvement in OHRQoL. Both groups showed lower OIDP scores (p< 0.001), but there was no difference between them. Eating, cleaning teeth, smiling and emotional state performance scores were lower after treatment for the whole sample. In conclusion, the treatment with microabrasion improved the OHRQoL in this sample of individuals living in a fluorosis endemic area regardless of the addition of at-home bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sônia Saeger Meireles
- Department of Operative Dentistry, UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marilia Leão Goettems
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Kaline Silva Castro
- Department of Operative Dentistry, UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Fábio Correia Sampaio
- Department of Operative Dentistry, UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Department of Operative Dentistry, UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program of Epidemiology, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Aguilar-Díaz FDC, Morales-Corona F, Cintra-Viveiro AC, De la Fuente-Hernández J. Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico 2005-2015: a literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 59:306-313. [DOI: 10.21149/7764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Duan L, Zhu J, Wang K, Zhou G, Yang Y, Cui L, Huang H, Cheng X, Ba Y. Does Fluoride Affect Serum Testosterone and Androgen Binding Protein with Age-Specificity? A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Male Farmers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:294-299. [PMID: 27154732 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that exposure to excess fluoride was associated with a variety of diseases. Little is known about the variation of testosterone (T) levels caused by fluoride exposure. The aim of this study is to explore the association of fluoride exposure and age with serum T and androgen-binding protein (ABP) levels in male farmers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a county of Henan Province, China, including high fluoride exposure from drinking water villages and control villages. Male farmers aged 18-55 years old who lived in these villages were recruited by cluster sampling and divided into a higher fluoride exposure group (HFG) and a lower fluoride exposure group (LFG) according to the level of urinary fluoride. Levels of T and ABP in serum were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Markedly lower T levels were observed in male farmers from the HFG than in those from the LFG (t = 2.496, P < 0.05). Furthermore, younger farmers, 18-29 and 30-39 years old, may be the most likely to have lower T levels when exposed to fluoride (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in serum ABP levels in all male farmers between the two groups with different fluoride exposure. These results supported that excess fluoride exposure decreased serum T levels of male farmers with age-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leizhen Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- Kaifeng Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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Asawa K, Singh A, Bhat N, Tak M, Shinde K, Jain S. Association of Temporomandibular Joint Signs & Symptoms with Dental Fluorosis & Skeletal Manifestations in Endemic Fluoride Areas of Dungarpur District, Rajasthan, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZC18-21. [PMID: 26816986 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/15807.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endemic fluorosis resulting from high fluoride concentration in groundwater is a major public health problem. India is among the numerous nations, where fluoride sullied groundwater is creating wellbeing issues. Safe drinking water in rural areas of India is predominantly rely on groundwater sources, which are exceptionally contaminated with fluoride. AIM To investigate the association of temporomandibular joint Signs & Symptoms with Dental Fluorosis & Skeletal Manifestations among people living in Dad, Bokersal & Deotalab villages of Dungarpur District, Rajasthan, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 750 subjects who were born & brought up in Dad, Bokersal & Deotalab villages of Dungarpur District, Rajasthan. Temporomandibular joint & Dental fluorosis was assessed by performing type III clinical examination according to WHO guidelines (1997). For the assessment of skeletal manifestations, participants were asked to perform three diagnostic tests: (1)Touching the toes without bending the knees; (2) Touching the chest with the chin; (3) Stretching the arms sideways & folding the arms to touch the back of the head. Chi Square test & Multiple Logistic Regression were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS Among the 750 (462 males & 288 females) who participated in the study, 53% had moderate grade of dental fluorosis. The most prominent symptom suggesting Temporomandibular Joint Disorder was the clicking sound affecting 21.4% population.(p>0.001). TMJ Signs & Symptoms were prominent in the age group of 45-54 years & males were highly affected than females. CONCLUSION Clinical examination of TMJ in Dental Fluorosis & Skeletal Fluorosis subjects showed a significant association with Dental Fluorosis & Skeletal Fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Asawa
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital , Debari, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anukriti Singh
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital , Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nagesh Bhat
- Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital , Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mridula Tak
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital , Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kushal Shinde
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital , Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital , Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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