AVALIAÇÃO DA ORGANIZAÇÃO DO CUIDADO EM SAÚDE MENTAL NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA À SAÚDE DO BRASIL

Effectiveness of Agreement Criteria and Flows of Collaborative Care in Primary Mental Health Care in Brazil

The supply of mental health processes in primary care has gaps. This study aims to analyze the association of agreement criteria and flows between primary care teams and the Family Health Support Center (NASF) for mental health collaborative care, considering the difference between capital and non-capital cities in Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted based on secondary data from the Primary Care Access and Quality Improvement Program. Agreement criteria and flows were obtained from 3883 NASF teams of the matrix support or collaborative care. The Chi-square test and multiple Poisson regression were used; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Prevalence ratios of negative associations demonstrated protective factors for support actions: follow-up at Psychosocial Care Center, management of psychopharmacotherapy, offer of other therapeutic actions, care process for users of psychoactive substances, and offer of activities to prevent the use of psychoactive substances. Collaborative care in primary care was effective, and capital cities were a protective factor compared with non-capital cities.

Prevalence of self-reported depression in Brazil: National Health Survey 2019 and 2013

OBJECTIVE

To describe the prevalence of self-reported depression among Brazilian adults in the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS) and compare to the 2013 PNS.

METHODS

Cross-sectional study of Brazilian adults using data from the 2019 and 2013 PNS. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of self-reported depression were estimated by region and demographic characteristics. Bivariate analyses were conducted using chi-squared tests.

RESULTS

There were 90,846 participants aged ≥ 18 years in 2019, and 60,202 in 2013. Between 2013 and 2019, prevalence of self-reported depression increased from 7.6% (95%CI 7.2;8.1) to 10.2% (95%CI 9.9;10.6) and of individuals who sought healthcare, from 46.4% (95%CI 43.8;49.1) to 52.8% (95%CI 50.7;55.0). Private clinics were the main source of healthcare.

CONCLUSION

Depression is highly prevalent in Brazil. Prevalence of diagnosis of depression and use of health services increased in the studied period. The predominance of care in private clinics suggests inequalities in the improvement of mental healthcare coverage.

A situational analysis of primary health care centers in Brazil: challenges and opportunities for addressing mental illness and substance use-related stigma

Background:

The detrimental impact of stigma toward people with mental illness and substance use problems (MISUP) is well documented. However, studies focusing on stigma reduction in Latin American primary health care (PHC) contexts are limited. This situational analysis incorporating a socioecological framework aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MISUP-related stigma in PHC centers in Brazil. The objectives of this analysis are twofold: (1) to understand the current mental health and substance use service delivery context and (2) identify challenges and opportunities for addressing MISUP-related stigma in PHC centers in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Methods:

Environmental scans of four Family Health Units were conducted in early 2018 to explore population needs and service delivery for individuals with MISUP. In addition, a symposium was organized in October 2018 to consult with diverse stakeholders and gather local perspectives about MISUP-related stigma conveyed in PHC settings. NVivo 12 software was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the qualitative data collected from the environmental scans and the symposium consultation.

Results:

Themes identified at the national level in the socioecological framework indicate that political support for national policies related to reducing stigma is limited, particularly regarding social inclusion and the decentralization of mental health services. Themes at the regional, organizational, and interpersonal levels include insufficient mental health expertise and the limited involvement of those with lived experience in decision-making. Suggestions for stigma interventions were provided, including increased contact with individuals with lived experience outside of client-patient interactions, capacity building for professionals, and public education campaigns.

Conclusion:

Increased government support, capacity building, and promoting social inclusion will provide opportunities to reduce stigma and reach marginalized populations. These findings will assist with addressing current gaps in PHC mental health service provision and may inform anti-stigma strategies for Brazil and other Latin American low- and middle-income countries.

O impacto da pandemia de covid-19 na assistência à saúde mental de usuários de álcool nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial

Resumo A preocupação com o consumo prejudicial de álcool está na interseção da pandemia com a saúde mental. Mudanças nos padrões de consumo durante a crise sanitária têm sido documentadas no Brasil e internacionalmente. Este estudo avaliou o impacto da pandemia nos procedimentos a usuários de álcool no Brasil, por meio dos registros dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Selecionaram-se dados de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020, com discriminação por macrorregião geográfica, sexo, idade e raça/cor. Realizou-se análise descritiva, cálculo da variação percentual e distribuição em séries temporais. A análise comparativa apontou redução nos procedimentos no início da pandemia (-52,4%), com diferenças entre sexo e faixa etária. Observou-se diferenças entre macrorregiões, com pior resultado no Norte do país (-70,1%). O segundo semestre de 2020 apresentou retomada nos procedimentos, porém em quantidade aquém do realizado no ano anterior (-41,7%). Houve aprofundamento das desigualdades já existentes, especialmente com a queda mais elevada nas macrorregiões mais pobres, com maior fragilidade na rede de saúde mental. Dada a magnitude do álcool como problema de saúde pública e o papel central dos CAPS, ressalta-se a necessidade de instituir políticas e programas de saúde visando minimizar o impacto da pandemia na redução da assistência psicossocial.

[Mental health and organizational quality of primary healthcare services in Brazil]

The study aimed to assess the quality of care for persons with mental health distress in primary healthcare services in Brazil and the association with organizational structure variables. This evaluative study used data from the Brazilian National Program to Improve Acess and Quality in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB), collected in 2018. The study excluded teams that reported not performing this type of care. The sum of the 13 selected mental health indicators produced a score that was classified in three groups of quality: G1 (0 to 5 points - lower quality), G2 (6 to 9 points - medium quality), and G3 (10 to 13 points - higher quality), and the results were associated with nine organizational context variables favoring the teams' permanence in the respective quality groups. The study evaluated 36,384 teams, located in 5,026 municipalities (counties). The score ranged from 1 to 13 points (G1 = 9.7%; G2 = 25.1%; G3 = 65.2%). Having an environment favorable to dispensing medicines and privacy during patient consultations; existence of a medical specialist, psychologist, and pharmacist; inter-consultation with the Expanded Family Health Care Centers (NASF) and Centers for Psychosocial Care (CAPS); and weekly or biweekly team meetings, were more frequent in the teams with higher quality (p < 0.001). In conclusion, structural conditions related to infrastructure and availability of healthcare workers, as well as inter-consultation and spaces for reflection to discuss the (re)organization of work processes in care for patients with mental health distress are factors that influence the quality of care, requiring attention, especially given recent political setbacks.

Saúde mental na Atenção Básica: identificação e organização do cuidado no estado de São Paulo

RESUMO Este artigo teve como objetivo descrever e discutir como se identifica o sofrimento em saúde mental e como se organiza o cuidado em saúde mental nas unidades de Atenção Básica (AB) do estado de São Paulo. Para isso, baseou-se em um estudo transversal quantitativo e descritivo, realizado por meio de um inquérito telefônico em serviços de Atenção Básica à Saúde do estado. Os dados foram analisados segundo o porte do município e a presença de profissional de saúde mental na unidade. Os resultados reiteram a alta frequência com que aparecem demandas de saúde mental na AB e indicam: baixa proatividade na busca de demandas em saúde mental; troca de receitas e uma perspectiva mais biomédica como relevantes na identificação dos problemas; baixo planejamento do cuidado e pouca abrangência na articulação intersetorial. Também revelam a importância da presença de profissionais de saúde mental na qualificação do cuidado e no fortalecimento de ações psicossociais. As unidades do município de São Paulo se mostraram mais potentes na identificação, organização do cuidado, manejo psicossocial dos problemas e articulação intersetorial. Os municípios pequenos se destacaram pela presença de profissionais de saúde mental e pelo uso de visitas domiciliares por agentes comunitários de saúde para a identificação dos problemas.

A percepção e a prática dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre a Saúde Mental

A elucidação dos entraves na assistência à Saúde Mental na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é fundamental para a melhoria dos serviços. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a percepção e a prática dos profissionais sobre a Saúde Mental na APS para contribuir no esclarecimento das dificuldades percebidas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal qualitativo em profissionais das equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) de Itumbiara, GO, Brasil, por meio de questionário semiestruturado, sendo realizada análise de conteúdo conforme técnica de Bardin. Foram identificadas barreiras como incapacidade em lidar com demandas de Saúde Mental, receio no contato com usuário, falta de processos de trabalho específicos para a Saúde Mental e incompreensão de como realizar o acompanhamento e a interlocução entre os serviços de saúde de forma a garantir a integralidade. O entrave principal se dá em como fazer, necessitando intervenções efetivas de Educação Permanente.