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Fang Y, Liu T, Hou H, Wang Z, Shan Z, Cao Y, Teng X. Resistance to thyroid hormone beta coexisting with papillary thyroid carcinoma—two case reports of a thyroid hormone receptor beta gene mutation and a literature review. Front Genet 2022; 13:1014323. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1014323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractWhole exome sequencing.
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Yao B, Yang C, Pan C, Li Y. Thyroid hormone resistance: Mechanisms and therapeutic development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 553:111679. [PMID: 35738449 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As an essential primary hormone, thyroid hormone (TH) is indispensable for human growth, development and metabolism. Impairment of TH function in several aspects, including TH synthesis, activation, transportation and receptor-dependent transactivation, can eventually lead to thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (RTH). RTH is a rare syndrome that manifests as a reduced target cell response to TH signaling. The majority of RTH cases are related to thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) mutations, and only a few RTH cases are associated with thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) mutations or other causes. Patients with RTH suffer from goiter, mental retardation, short stature and bradycardia or tachycardia. To date, approximately 170 mutated TRβ variants and more than 20 mutated TRα variants at the amino acid level have been reported in RTH patients. In addition to these mutated proteins, some TR isoforms can also reduce TH function by competing with primary TRs for TRE and RXR binding. Fortunately, different treatments for RTH have been explored with structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and drug design, and among these treatments. With thyromimetic potency but biochemical properties that differ from those of primary TH (T3 and T4), these TH analogs can bypass specific defective transporters or reactive mutant TRs. However, these compounds must be carefully applied to avoid over activating TRα, which is associated with more severe heart impairment. The structural mechanisms of mutation-induced RTH in the TR ligand-binding domain are summarized in this review. Furthermore, strategies to overcome this resistance for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benqiang Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Chengxi Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China.
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Sun H, Cao L, Zheng R, Xie S, Liu C. Update on resistance to thyroid hormone syndromeβ. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:168. [PMID: 33176840 PMCID: PMC7656732 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome (RTH) is an autosomal dominant or recessive genetic disease caused by mutation of either the thyroid hormone receptorβ (THR-β) gene or the thyroid hormone receptorα (THR-α) gene. RTH due to mutations of the THR-β gene (hereafter, RTH-β) is characterized by a decreased response of the target tissue to thyroid hormone, increased serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and/or free thyroxine (FT4), and inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, normal or elevated). Clinical manifestations of RTH-β vary from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism or simple goiter, and RTH-β is often misdiagnosed clinically. The present review was prepared for the purpose of expanding knowledge of RTH-β in order to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Sun
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Rendong Zheng
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Shaofeng Xie
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
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Xing W, Liu X, He Q, Zhang Z, Jiang Z. BRAF V600E mutation contributes papillary thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto thyroiditis with resistance to thyroid hormone: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2903-2911. [PMID: 28928829 PMCID: PMC5588167 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a rare autosomal hereditary disorder characterized by increased serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels with unsuppressed or increased thyrotropin concentration. It remains unknown whether the coexistence of RTH with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is incidental or whether it possesses a genetic or pathophysiological association. In the present study, a case of RTH with PTC and HT in an 11-year-old Chinese patient was examined and the clinical presentation of RTH with PTC was discussed. In addition, the possible associations between RTH, PTC and HT were determined. HT was confirmed in the patient using an autoimmune assay and thyroid ultrasound. RTH was diagnosed on the basis of clinical manifestations, laboratory information and gene analysis, and PTC was diagnosed according to histological results. Results of BRAFV600E mutation analysis were positive. A literature review of 14 cases of RTH with PTC was included for comparison. The present case report indicates an association of RTH with PTC and HT coexistence in the patient. Close follow-up, histological evaluation and BRAFV600E mutation detection should be performed in each RTH case with HT, since a persistent increase in TSH may be a risk factor for the development of thyroid neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjia Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing He
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Zongjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoshun Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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