[Information-related changes in attitude to mucocutaneous leishmaniasis of a population from an endemic region of the south of Bahia]

Psychosocial burden of localised cutaneous Leishmaniasis: a scoping review

Background

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic skin disease, linked to poverty, and belonging to the group of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Depending on the severity, the type of lesions or scars, and the context, CL can lead to self- and social stigma influencing the quality of life and psychological well-being of the patient. This dimension is, however, little documented for the most common, localized form of cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL).

We aimed to describe the current knowledge on the psychological burden and the stigma related to LCL.

Methods

The population of interest for this scoping review are patients or their relatives with localized LCL or related scars.

We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO, POPLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Global Health, and LILACS, for articles written in Arabic, English, French, Dutch, Portuguese, or Spanish, and published until the end of August 2017.

Results

From 2485 initial records, 15 papers met our inclusion criteria. Dermatology life quality index was the most frequent used scale to assess LCL psychological impact in quantitative studies. Six qualitative studies used individual interviews and/or focus groups discussions to explore the psychological and/or the social burden of this disease. Quantitative assessments using standard scales as well as qualitative research asserts that LCL is a source of psychological suffering, stigmatization, and decreased quality of life (QoL).

Conclusion

Most studies showed that LCL has a significant negative effect on the QoL and mental health. However, the fact that the psychosocial burden generated by LCL is time-dependent makes it hard to measure. We recommend to develop a more specific and validated assessment scale to appreciate the full burden of this disease and enhance comparability of findings.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5260-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: knowledge, attitudes, and practices among paraguayan communities, patients, and health professionals

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) due to Leishmania (V.) braziliensis are endemic in Paraguay. We performed a series of knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) surveys simultaneously with individuals in endemic communities in San Pedro department (n = 463), health professionals (n = 25), and patients (n = 25). Results showed that communities were exposed to high risk factors for transmission of L. braziliensis. In logistic regression analysis, age was the only factor independently associated with having seen a CL/MCL lesion (P = 0.002). The pervasive attitude in communities was that CL was not a problem. Treatment seeking was often delayed, partly due to secondary costs, and inappropriate remedies were applied. Several important cost-effective measures are indicated that may improve control of CL. Community awareness could be enhanced through existing community structures. Free supply of specific drugs should continue but ancillary support could be considered. Health professionals require routine and standardised provision of diagnosis and treatment algorithms for CL and MCL. During treatment, all patients could be given simple information to increase awareness in the community.

Avaliação do nível de conhecimento que populações residentes em áreas endêmicas têm sobre leishmaniose visceral, Estado do Maranhão, Brasil

Estudo prospectivo visando identificar e comparar que conhecimentos básicos relativos à leishmaniose visceral (LV) têm as populações com características distintas, residentes em áreas periurbanas (Maracanã instalação e ocorrência de casos de LV antigas; Vila Nova/Bom Viver instalação e ocorrência recentes) e rural, Município de Codó instalação antiga e ocorrência recentes. No período compreendido entre agosto de 1996 a janeiro de 1997, aplicou-se questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, sendo abordados aspectos referentes à epidemiologia, prevenção, clínica e terapêutica. A população de estudo foi formada pelos casos de LV registrados pela FNS/MA e seus vizinhos. Foram entrevistados os residentes de 283 casas: 53 do Maracanã; 103, em Vila Nova/Bom Viver; 127, em Codó. Foi referido ambiente favorável para o desenvolvimento e manutenção da doença. Do total dos entrevistados, 93,8%, percentual significativo, ouviram falar de LV, por meio de fontes não oficiais. No Maracanã, 50,9% referiram transmissão pelo mosquito; 87,2% reconheciam o envolvimento do cão na cadeia epidemiológica da doença. Os entrevistados estão cientes da gravidade do mal, sendo capazes de identificar casos suspeitos, humano ou canino. Medidas de controle são desconhecidas por 77,8%. Sete pessoas sabiam que o Glucantime® é usado no tratamento da LV. Concluiu-se que o nível de conhecimento sobre LV foi baixo, principalmente em relação à prevenção e à terapêutica, situação semelhantes nas três áreas.

[Epidemiologic study on tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Corguinho, Mato Grosso do Sul -- Studies in the human population]

A study on the resident population of 150 inhabitants of Boa Sorte in the Municipality of Corguinho, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil was made, from March 1991 to March 1994, to establish the prevalence of South American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (SACL), and to characterize the affected population, in an area of recent transmission. Twelve of the inhabitants showed lesions suspected to be SACL, and in 8 cases it was possible to confirm this by biopsy and parasitology. The mucosal form was found in one patient only, the rest showed the following cutaneous forms: ulcerated (3), ulcero-verrucose (1), hyperkeratotic ulcer (1), infiltrated maccule (1), nodule with florid regional adenopathy (1). All patients reacted favorably to treatment with glucantime, with lesion scarring. Side-effects were rare. The parasite isolated from all patients was identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The Montenegro skin test, applied to the 150 inhabitants, showed 32 reactive ones. Of these, six were carriers of the disease, 21 showed sequelae suggestive of the disease and five showed no signs of infection. The age grouping of the cohort ranged from 22 to 78 years, 75% being male. To date, transmission is suspected to be in the peridomicile.