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Sousa LRD, Amparo TR, de Souza GHB, Ferraz AT, Fonseca KDS, de Azevedo AS, do Nascimento AM, Andrade ÂL, Seibert JB, Valverde TM, Braga SFP, Vieira PMDA, dos Santos VMR. Anti- Trypanosoma cruzi Potential of Vestitol Isolated from Lyophilized Red Propolis. Molecules 2023; 28:7812. [PMID: 38067542 PMCID: PMC10708512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a worldwide public health problem, and the drugs available for its treatment have severe limitations. Red propolis is a natural extract known for its high content of phenolic compounds and for having activity against T. cruzi. The aim of this study was to investigate the trypanocidal potential of red propolis to isolate, identify, and indicate the mode of action of the bioactive compounds. The results revealed that the total phenolic content was 15.4 mg GAE/g, and flavonoids were 7.2 mg QE/g. The extract was fractionated through liquid-liquid partitioning, and the trypanocidal potential of the samples was evaluated using the epimastigote forms of the Y strain of T. cruzi. In this process, one compound was characterized by MS, 1H, and 13C NMR and identified as vestitol. Cytotoxicity was evaluated employing MRC-5 fibroblasts and H9C2 cardiomyocytes, showing cytotoxic concentrations above 15.62 μg/mL and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively. In silico analyses were applied, and the data suggested that the substance had a membrane-permeation-enhancing effect, which was confirmed through an in vitro assay. Finally, a molecular docking analysis revealed a higher affinity of vestitol with farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS). The identified isoflavan appears to be a promising lead compound for further development to treat Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Resende Dutra Sousa
- Phytotechnology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (T.R.A.); (G.H.B.d.S.)
| | - Tatiane Roquete Amparo
- Phytotechnology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (T.R.A.); (G.H.B.d.S.)
| | - Gustavo Henrique Bianco de Souza
- Phytotechnology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (T.R.A.); (G.H.B.d.S.)
| | - Aline Tonhela Ferraz
- Morphopathology Laboratory, Center for Biological Sciences Research, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (A.T.F.); (K.d.S.F.)
| | - Kátia da Silva Fonseca
- Morphopathology Laboratory, Center for Biological Sciences Research, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (A.T.F.); (K.d.S.F.)
| | - Amanda Scofield de Azevedo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (A.S.d.A.); (A.M.d.N.); (Â.L.A.)
| | - Andréa Mendes do Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (A.S.d.A.); (A.M.d.N.); (Â.L.A.)
| | - Ângela Leão Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (A.S.d.A.); (A.M.d.N.); (Â.L.A.)
| | - Janaína Brandão Seibert
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Sao Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | - Thalita Marcolan Valverde
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Saulo Fehelberg Pinto Braga
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioassays Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil;
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Morphopathology Laboratory, Center for Biological Sciences Research, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (A.T.F.); (K.d.S.F.)
| | - Viviane Martins Rebello dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (A.S.d.A.); (A.M.d.N.); (Â.L.A.)
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Belmehdi O, El Menyiy N, Bouyahya A, El Baaboua A, El Omari N, Gallo M, Montesano D, Naviglio D, Zengin G, Skali Senhaji N, Goh BH, Abrini J. Recent Advances in the Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Propolis. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2089164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Belmehdi
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Naviglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nadia Skali Senhaji
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jamal Abrini
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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Antiparasitic potential of Indian honey bee glue against strains of Leishmania donovani sensitive and resistant to synthetic antileishmanial. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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de L Paula LA, Cândido ACBB, Santos MFC, Caffrey CR, Bastos JK, Ambrósio SR, Magalhães LG. Antiparasitic Properties of Propolis Extracts and Their Compounds. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100310. [PMID: 34231306 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a bee product that has been used in medicine since ancient times. Although its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities have been investigated, its anti-parasitic properties remain poorly explored, especially regarding helminths. This review surveys the results obtained with propolis around the world against human parasites. Regarding protozoa, studies carried out with the protozoa Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp. have demonstrated promising results in vitro and in vivo. However, there are fewer studies for Plasmodium spp., the etiological agent of malaria and less so for helminths, particularly for Fasciola spp. and Schistosoma spp. Despite the favorable in vitro results with propolis, helminth assays need to be further investigated. However, propolis has shown itself to be an excellent natural product for parasitology, thus opening new paths and approaches in its activity against protozoa and helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A de L Paula
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles of Oliveira 201, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C B B Cândido
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles of Oliveira 201, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario F C Santos
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles of Oliveira 201, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jairo K Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, CEP 14.040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio R Ambrósio
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles of Oliveira 201, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Lizandra G Magalhães
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles of Oliveira 201, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil.,Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Rivera-Yañez N, Rivera-Yañez CR, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Catalá CF, Reyes-Reali J, Mendoza-Ramos MI, Méndez-Cruz AR, Nieto-Yañez O. Effects of Propolis on Infectious Diseases of Medical Relevance. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:428. [PMID: 34065939 PMCID: PMC8151468 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a significant problem affecting the public health and economic stability of societies all over the world. Treatment is available for most of these diseases; however, many pathogens have developed resistance to drugs, necessitating the development of new therapies with chemical agents, which can have serious side effects and high toxicity. In addition, the severity and aggressiveness of emerging and re-emerging diseases, such as pandemics caused by viral agents, have led to the priority of investigating new therapies to complement the treatment of different infectious diseases. Alternative and complementary medicine is widely used throughout the world due to its low cost and easy access and has been shown to provide a wide repertoire of options for the treatment of various conditions. In this work, we address the relevance of the effects of propolis on the causal pathogens of the main infectious diseases with medical relevance; the existing compiled information shows that propolis has effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites and helminths, and viruses; however, challenges remain, such as the assessment of their effects in clinical studies for adequate and safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Rivera-Yañez
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - C. Rebeca Rivera-Yañez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia F. Méndez-Catalá
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Julia Reyes-Reali
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María I. Mendoza-Ramos
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Adolfo R. Méndez-Cruz
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar Nieto-Yañez
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
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Ebiloma GU, Ichoron N, Siheri W, Watson DG, Igoli JO, De Koning HP. The Strong Anti-Kinetoplastid Properties of Bee Propolis: Composition and Identification of the Active Agents and Their Biochemical Targets. Molecules 2020; 25:E5155. [PMID: 33167520 PMCID: PMC7663965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetoplastids are protozoa characterized by the presence of a distinctive organelle, called the kinetoplast, which contains a large amount of DNA (kinetoplast DNA (kDNA)) inside their single mitochondrion. Kinetoplastids of medical and veterinary importance include Trypanosoma spp. (the causative agents of human and animal African Trypanosomiasis and of Chagas disease) and Leishmania spp. (the causative agents of the various forms of leishmaniasis). These neglected diseases affect millions of people across the globe, but drug treatment is hampered by the challenges of toxicity and drug resistance, among others. Propolis (a natural product made by bees) and compounds isolated from it are now being investigated as novel treatments of kinetoplastid infections. The anti-kinetoplastid efficacy of propolis is probably a consequence of its reported activity against kinetoplastid parasites of bees. This article presents a review of the reported anti-kinetoplastid potential of propolis, highlighting its anti-kinetoplastid activity in vitro and in vivo regardless of geographical origin. The mode of action of propolis depends on the organism it is acting on and includes growth inhibition, immunomodulation, macrophage activation, perturbation of the cell membrane architecture, phospholipid disturbances, and mitochondrial targets. This gives ample scope for further investigations toward the rational development of sustainable anti-kinetoplastid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin U. Ebiloma
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK;
| | - Nahandoo Ichoron
- Phytochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi 2373, Nigeria; (N.I.) (J.O.I.)
| | - Weam Siheri
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; (W.S.), (D.G.W.)
| | - David G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; (W.S.), (D.G.W.)
| | - John O. Igoli
- Phytochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi 2373, Nigeria; (N.I.) (J.O.I.)
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; (W.S.), (D.G.W.)
| | - Harry P. De Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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Abstract
With a concomitant increase in immune-related diseases such as allergic diseases, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and other immune-related responses such as immunodeficiency, various infectious, diseases, vaccines, and malignancies, it has become very important to have a well-balanced and properly functioning immune system for the maintenance of human health. Recent scientific research has strongly suggested propolis as one of the most promising immunomodulation agents. This review describes recent findings with respect to propolis and its ingredients that show potential in this respect and evaluate their potential mechanisms. The author believes that propolis or/and its ingredients alone and in combination could be promising in manipulating the immune response and inducing immunomodulation. Further exploratory studies are needed to support large clinical trials toward further development of propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Regueira-Neto MDS, Tintino SR, Rolón M, Coronal C, Vega MC, de Queiroz Balbino V, de Melo Coutinho HD. Antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of Brazilian red propolis and plant resin of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L) Taub. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:215-221. [PMID: 29665415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The treatment for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease can be hard and painful, such that many patients give up on the treatment. In order to find an alternative path for the treatment of these diseases, researchers are using natural products to fight these parasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiprotozoan and cytotoxic activities of red propolis samples collected from different Brazilian states and seasons whilst searching for possible activity differences. We also compared the red propolis results with the ones obtained for the plant resin extract collected from Dalbergia ecastaphyllum trees. The hydroethanolic red propolis extracts from Pernambuco and Alagoas, and the D. ecastaphyllum resin were evaluated regarding their antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic activity. All extracts showed antiprotozoan and cytotoxic activity. RP-PER showed to be more cytotoxic against protozoan parasites and fibroblast cells. All propolis extracts showed a higher cytotoxic activity when compared to resin extracts. The propolis sample collected in Pernambuco during the rainy season killed the parasites with lower concentrations than the sample collected in the dry season. The IC50 observed against the parasites could be used without high fibroblast cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Brazil
| | - Miriam Rolón
- Centro para el Dessarollo de la Investigación Cientifica (CEDIC), Fundacion Moisés Bertoni/Labortórios Díaz Gill, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Cathia Coronal
- Centro para el Dessarollo de la Investigación Cientifica (CEDIC), Fundacion Moisés Bertoni/Labortórios Díaz Gill, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Maria C Vega
- Centro para el Dessarollo de la Investigación Cientifica (CEDIC), Fundacion Moisés Bertoni/Labortórios Díaz Gill, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Valdir de Queiroz Balbino
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, UFPE, Brazil
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Propolin C Inhibited Migration and Invasion via Suppression of EGFR-Mediated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Lung Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7202548. [PMID: 29681982 PMCID: PMC5845522 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7202548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlling lung cancer cell migration and invasion via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway has been demonstrated. Searching biological active phytochemicals to repress EGFR-regulated EMT might prevent lung cancer progression. Propolis has been used as folk medicine in many countries and possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. In this study, the antimigration and anti-invasion activities of propolin C, a c-prenylflavanone from Taiwanese propolis, were investigated on EGFR-regulated EMT signaling pathway. Cell migration and invasion activities were dose-dependently suppressed by noncytotoxic concentration of propolin C. Downregulations of vimentin and snail as well as upregulation of E-cadherin expressions were through the inhibition of EGFR-mediated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in propolin C-treated cells. In addition, EGF-induced migration and invasion were suppressed by propolin C-treated A549 lung cancer cells. No significant differences in E-cadherin expression were observed in EGF-stimulated cells. Interestingly, EGF-induced expressions of vimentin, snail, and slug were suppressed through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathway in propolin C-treated cells. Inhibition of cell migration and invasion by propolin C was through the inhibition of EGF/EGFR-mediated signaling pathway, followed by EMT suppression in lung cancer.
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Alvarez-Suarez JM. The Chemical and Biological Properties of Propolis. BEE PRODUCTS - CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 2017. [PMCID: PMC7123330 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59689-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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de Moraes Gomes PAT, de Oliveira Barbosa M, Farias Santiago E, de Oliveira Cardoso MV, Capistrano Costa NT, Hernandes MZ, Moreira DRM, da Silva AC, Dos Santos TAR, Pereira VRA, Brayner Dos Santosd FA, do Nascimento Pereira GA, Ferreira RS, Leite ACL. New 1,3-thiazole derivatives and their biological and ultrastructural effects on Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:387-398. [PMID: 27295485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, the compound 3-(bromopropiophenone) thiosemicarbazone was described as a potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and cruzain inhibitor. In view to optimize this activity, 1,3-thiazole core was used as building-block strategy to access new lead generation of anti T. cruzi agents. In this way a series of thiazole derivatives were synthesized and most of these derivatives exhibited antiparasitic activity similar to benznidazole (Bzd). Among them, compounds (1c) and (1g) presented better selective index (SI) than Bzd. In addition, compounds showed inhibitory activity against the cruzain protease. As observed by electron microscopy, compound (1c) treatment caused irreversible and specific morphological changes on ultrastructure organization of T. cruzi, demonstrating that this class of compounds is killing parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miria de Oliveira Barbosa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Edna Farias Santiago
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Natáli Tereza Capistrano Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Caroline da Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Glaécia Aparecida do Nascimento Pereira
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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12
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Gomes PATDM, Oliveira AR, Cardoso MVDO, Santiago EDF, Barbosa MDO, de Siqueira LRP, Moreira DRM, Bastos TM, Brayner FA, Soares MBP, Mendes APDO, de Castro MCAB, Pereira VRA, Leite ACL. Phthalimido-thiazoles as building blocks and their effects on the growth and morphology of Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 111:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Abdul-Hamid M, Salah M. Intervention of ginger or propolis ameliorates methotrexate-induced ileum toxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32:313-22. [PMID: 24097362 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713500833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The long-term clinical use of methotrexate (MTX) is restricted due to its severe intestinal toxicity. The protective effect of ginger or propolis on the toxicity induced by MTX is relatively less understood, so the possible protective effect of ginger or propolis, used separately, was investigated. A total of 60 male albino rats were divided into six groups as follows: (1) control group; (2) ginger group; (3) propolis group; (4) MTX group; (5) ginger + MTX group; and (6) propolis + MTX group. The present results show that MTX caused ileum injury, including shortening and fusion of the villi, inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell depletion. Administration of ginger or propolis ameliorated the MTX-induced ileum injury as shown by histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations and statistical analysis. This is revealed by intact villi, which shows marked increase in brown colouration of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive nuclei in the crypts region, improvement in the number of goblet cells and brush border length of ileum. The current results conclude the efficacy and safety of ginger and propolis, which may be due to their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Abdul-Hamid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa Salah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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14
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Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of 10 medicinal plants used in northeast Mexico. Acta Trop 2014; 136:14-8. [PMID: 24742906 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen the trypanocidal activity of plants used in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of various diseases related to parasitic infections. Cultured Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes were incubated for 96h with different concentrations of methanolic extracts obtained from Artemisia mexicana, Castela texana, Cymbopogon citratus, Eryngium heterophyllum, Haematoxylum brasiletto, Lippia graveolens, Marrubium vulgare, Persea americana, Ruta chalepensis and Schinus molle. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined for each extract via a colorimetric method. Among the evaluated species, the methanolic extracts of E. heterophyllum, H. brasiletto, M. vulgare and S. molle exhibited the highest trypanocidal activity, showing percentages of growth inhibition between 88 and 100% at a concentration of 150μg/ml. These medicinal plants may represent a valuable source of new bioactive compounds for the therapeutic treatment of trypanosomiasis.
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15
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Siheri W, Igoli JO, Gray AI, Nasciemento TG, Zhang T, Fearnley J, Clements CJ, Carter KC, Carruthers J, Edrada-Ebel R, Watson DG. The isolation of antiprotozoal compounds from Libyan propolis. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1756-60. [PMID: 25044090 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is increasingly being explored as a source of biologically active compounds. Until now, there has been no study of Libyan propolis. Two samples were collected in North East Libya and tested for their activity against Trypanosoma brucei. Extracts from both samples had quite high activity. One of the samples was fractionated and yielded a number of active fractions. Three of the active fractions contained single compounds, which were found to be 13-epitorulosal, acetyl-13-epi-cupressic acid and 13-epi-cupressic acid, which have been described before in Mediterranean propolis. Two of the compounds had a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 1.56 µg/mL against T. brucei. The active fractions were also tested against macrophages infected with Leishmania donovani, and again moderate to strong activity was observed with the compounds having IC50 values in the range 5.1-21.9 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weam Siheri
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, UK
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16
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Bankova V, Atanassov A, Denev R, Shishinjova M. Bulgarian Bee Products and their Health Promoting Potential. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2012.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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17
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Polyphenols as key players for the antileukaemic effects of propolis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:371730. [PMID: 24772179 PMCID: PMC3977507 DOI: 10.1155/2014/371730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Propolis (a bee product) which has a long history of medicinal use by humans has attracted a great deal of research interest in the recent time; this is due to its widely reported biological activities such as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties. Crude form of propolis and its phenolic contents have both been reported to exhibit antileukaemic effects in various leukaemia cell lines. The ability of the polyphenols found in propolis to arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis and differentiation in addition to inhibition of cell growth and proliferation makes them promising antileukaemic agents, and hence, they are believed to be a key to the antileukaemic effects of propolis in different types of leukaemia. This paper reviews the molecular bases of antileukaemic activity of both crude propolis and individual polyphenols on various leukaemia cell lines, and it indicates that propolis has the potential to be used in both treatment and prevention of leukaemia. This however needs further evaluation by in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies as well as clinical trials.
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18
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Menna-Barreto RFS, Perales J. The expected outcome of the Trypanosoma cruzi proteomic map: a review of its potential biological applications for drug target discovery. Subcell Biochem 2014; 74:305-322. [PMID: 24264251 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7305-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical illness endemic to Latin America, and its treatment remains unsatisfactory. This disease is caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which has a complex life cycle involving three evolutive forms in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Targeting metabolic pathways in the parasite for rational drug design represents a promising research field. This research area requires high performance techniques and proteomics become a powerful tool in this context. Here, we review advances in the construction of proteomic maps of the different forms of T. cruzi, emphasizing their biological applications towards the identification of alternative candidates for drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubem F S Menna-Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
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Kessler RL, Soares MJ, Probst CM, Krieger MA. Trypanosoma cruzi response to sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: morphophysiological alterations leading to cell death. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55497. [PMID: 23383204 PMCID: PMC3561218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi displays similarities to fungi in terms of its sterol lipid biosynthesis, as ergosterol and other 24-alkylated sterols are its principal endogenous sterols. The sterol pathway is thus a potential drug target for the treatment of Chagas disease. We describe here a comparative study of the growth inhibition, ultrastructural and physiological changes leading to the death of T. cruzi cells following treatment with the sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBIs) ketoconazole and lovastatin. We first calculated the drug concentration inhibiting epimastigote growth by 50% (EC(50)/72 h) or killing all cells within 24 hours (EC(100)/24 h). Incubation with inhibitors at the EC(50)/72 h resulted in interesting morphological changes: intense proliferation of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which was corroborated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy of the parasites stained with rhodamine 123, and strong swelling of the reservosomes, which was confirmed by acridine orange staining. These changes to the mitochondria and reservosomes may reflect the involvement of these organelles in ergosterol biosynthesis or the progressive autophagic process culminating in cell lysis after 6 to 7 days of treatment with SBIs at the EC(50)/72 h. By contrast, treatment with SBIs at the EC(100)/24 h resulted in rapid cell death with a necrotic phenotype: time-dependent cytosolic calcium overload, mitochondrial depolarization and reservosome membrane permeabilization (RMP), culminating in cell lysis after a few hours of drug exposure. We provide the first demonstration that RMP constitutes the "point of no return" in the cell death cascade, and propose a model for the necrotic cell death of T. cruzi. Thus, SBIs trigger cell death by different mechanisms, depending on the dose used, in T. cruzi. These findings shed new light on ergosterol biosynthesis and the mechanisms of programmed cell death in this ancient protozoan parasite.
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20
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Monzote L, Cuesta-Rubio O, Campo Fernandez M, Márquez Hernandez I, Fraga J, Pérez K, Kerstens M, Maes L, Cos P. In vitro antimicrobial assessment of Cuban propolis extracts. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:978-84. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Fraga
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Cuba
| | - Kleich Pérez
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Cuba
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21
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Miguel MG, Antunes MD. Is propolis safe as an alternative medicine? J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 3:479-95. [PMID: 22219581 PMCID: PMC3249695 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.90101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous substance produced by honeybees as defense against intruders. It has relevant therapeutic properties that have been used since ancient times. Nowadays, propolis is of increasing importance as a therapeutic, alone or included in many medicines and homeopathic products or in cosmetics. Propolis is produced worldwide and honeybees use the flora surrounding their beehives for its production. Therefore its chemical composition may change according to the flora. The phenolic and volatile fractions of propolis have been revised in the present study, as well as some of the biological properties attributed to this natural product. An alert is given about the need to standardize this product, with quality control. This has already been initiated by some authors, mainly in the propolis from the poplar-type. Only this product can constitute a good complementary and alternative medicine under internationally acceptable quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Graça Miguel
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Algarve, IBB, Center for Plant Biotechnology, Building 8, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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22
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Combined treatment of HEDTA and propolis prevents aluminum induced toxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2487-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Pelizzaro-Rocha KJ, Veiga-Santos P, Lazarin-Bidóia D, Ueda-Nakamura T, Dias Filho BP, Ximenes VF, Silva SO, Nakamura CV. Trypanocidal action of eupomatenoid-5 is related to mitochondrion dysfunction and oxidative damage in Trypanosoma cruzi. Microbes Infect 2011; 13:1018-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Brennand A, Gualdrón-López M, Coppens I, Rigden DJ, Ginger ML, Michels PA. Autophagy in parasitic protists: Unique features and drug targets. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2011; 177:83-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Salomão K, de Souza EM, Henriques-Pons A, Barbosa HS, de Castro SL. Brazilian Green Propolis: Effects In Vitro and In Vivo on Trypanosoma cruzi. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:185918. [PMID: 19213854 PMCID: PMC3094871 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The composition of a Brazilian green propolis ethanolic extract (Et-Bra) and its effect on Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and other pathogenic microorganisms have already been reported. Here, we further investigated Et-Bra targets in T. cruzi and its effect on experimental infection of mice. The IC(50)/4 days for inhibition of amastigote proliferation was 8.5 ± 1.8 μg mL(-1), with no damage to the host cells. In epimastigotes Et-Bra induced alterations in reservosomes, Golgi complex and mitochondrion. These effects were confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. In trypomastigotes, Et-Bra led to the loss of plasma membrane integrity. The in vitro studies indicate that Et-Bra interferes in the functionality of the plasma membrane in trypomastigotes and of reservosomes and mitochondrion in epimastigotes. Acutely infected mice were treated orally with Et-Bra and the parasitemia, mortality and GPT, GOT, CK and urea levels were monitored. The extract (25-300 mg kg(-1) body weight/day for 10 days) reduced the parasitemia, although not at significant levels; increased the survival of the animals and did not induce any hepatic, muscular lesion or renal toxicity. Since Et-Bra was not toxic to the animals, it could be assayed in combination with other drugs. Et-Bra could be a potential metacyclogenesis blocker, considering its effect on reservosomes, which are an important energy source during parasite differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Salomão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Lüder CG, Campos-Salinas J, Gonzalez-Rey E, van Zandbergen G. Impact of protozoan cell death on parasite-host interactions and pathogenesis. Parasit Vectors 2010; 3:116. [PMID: 21126352 PMCID: PMC3003647 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-3-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PCD in protozoan parasites has emerged as a fascinating field of parasite biology. This not only relates to the underlying mechanisms and their evolutionary implications but also to the impact on the parasite-host interactions within mammalian hosts and arthropod vectors. During recent years, common functions of apoptosis and autophagy in protozoa and during parasitic infections have emerged. Here, we review how distinct cell death pathways in Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Plasmodium or Toxoplasma may contribute to regulation of parasite cell densities in vectors and mammalian hosts, to differentiation of parasites, to stress responses, and to modulation of the host immunity. The examples provided indicate crucial roles of PCD in parasite biology. The existence of PCD pathways in these organisms and the identification as being critical for parasite biology and parasite-host interactions could serve as a basis for developing new anti-parasitic drugs that take advantage of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gk Lüder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Georg-August-University, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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27
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In vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of elatol isolated from red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea. Parasitology 2010; 137:1661-70. [PMID: 20546638 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201000034x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Chagas' disease is a debilitating but comparatively neglected illness that affects about 15 million people. There is an urgent need to develop new, more effective, and less-toxic compounds. In this study, we assessed the in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of the sesquiterpene elatol from the Brazilian red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea. We used electron microscopy to evaluate the effect of elatol on the morphology and ultrastructure of the parasite. Elatol showed a dose-dependent effect against the epimastigote, trypomastigote, and amastigote forms, with IC50 values of 45.4, 1.38, and 1.01 microm, respectively. Observation of treated intracellular amastigotes by light microscopy demonstrated a total elimination of the infection at a dose of 3.0 microm. In addition, the compound did not affect the red blood cells, and the CC50 value for LLCMK2 cells was 27.0 microm. Transmission and scanning electron micrographs showed aberrant-shaped cells and breaks in the plasma membrane, prominent swollen mitochondria, and extensive formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles in all the forms. This is the first report of the anti-trypanosomal effect of the sesquiterpene elatol.
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Soeiro MDNC, Dantas AP, Daliry A, Silva CFD, Batista DGJ, de Souza EM, Oliveira GM, Salomão K, Batista MM, Pacheco MGO, Silva PBD, Santa-Rita RM, Barreto RFSM, Boykin DW, Castro SLD. Experimental chemotherapy for Chagas disease: 15 years of research contributions from in vivo and in vitro studies. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 104 Suppl 1:301-10. [PMID: 19753489 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000900040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, which is caused by the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected illness with 12-14 million reported cases in endemic geographic regions of Latin America. While the disease still represents an important public health problem in these affected areas, the available therapy, which was introduced more than four decades ago, is far from ideal due to its substantial toxicity, its limited effects on different parasite stocks, and its poor activity during the chronic phase of the disease. For the past 15 years, our group, in collaboration with research groups focused on medicinal chemistry, has been working on experimental chemotherapies for Chagas disease, investigating the biological activity, toxicity, selectivity and cellular targets of different classes of compounds on T. cruzi. In this report, we present an overview of these in vitro and in vivo studies, focusing on the most promising classes of compounds with the aim of contributing to the current knowledge of the treatment of Chagas disease and aiding in the development of a new arsenal of candidates with anti-T. cruzi efficacy.
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Abstract
Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que teve como objetivo analisar os estudos que abordam o uso terapêutico da própolis em lesões cutâneas. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de busca nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, e BDENF, abrangendo o período de 1980 a 2007, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Identificaram-se 1127 artigos, dos quais 38 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão deste estudo. Destes artigos, 7 (18,4%) eram estudos clínicos e 31 (81,6%) experimentais "in vitro" e em animais. Quanto à abordagem, foram classificados em dois focos temáticos: atuação terapêutica da própolis na cicatrização das lesões e ação antimicrobiana da própolis. A análise dos trabalhos destacou a eficácia da própolis no tratamento de feridas, atuando como agente cicatrizante e antimicrobiano natural, cujas propriedades dependem diretamente da forma e local de extração e concentração do produto.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Bonato Zuffi
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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30
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Valdez RH, Tonin LTD, Ueda-Nakamura T, Dias Filho BP, Morgado-Diaz JA, Sarragiotto MH, Nakamura CV. Biological activity of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxamides against Trypanosoma cruzi. Acta Trop 2009; 110:7-14. [PMID: 19063858 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 10/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several beta-carboline compounds were evaluated for in vitro trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and their potential toxic effects was also assessed. beta-Carboline derivative 4 showed good activity against epimastigote, trypomastigote, and amastigote forms of T. cruzi, with a dose-dependent inhibitory effect. It showed an IC(50) of 14.9 microM against the epimastigote form and an EC(50) of 45 microM and 33 microM against trypomastigote and amastigote forms, respectively. Additionally, 4 was able to be active on mammalian cell-protozoan interaction, reducing the number of infected cells and the number of internalized parasites. The compound showed low cytotoxicity, with a selective index 31 times higher to the parasite than for mammalian cells. In human red-blood cells beta-Carboline 4 at 14.9 microM not caused haemolysis. Observed at electron microscopy 4-treated epimastigotes showed abnormal swelling of the mitochondrion, a diffuse kinetoplast, and distortions of the parasite cell body. The present data support the potential effect of this class of compounds against T. cruzi and encourage further experiments in vitro to evaluate the action mechanism of this drug and also with in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Hinojosa Valdez
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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31
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Different cell death pathways induced by drugs in Trypanosoma cruzi: An ultrastructural study. Micron 2009; 40:157-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Bhadauria M, Nirala SK. Reversal of acetaminophen induced subchronic hepatorenal injury by propolis extract in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 27:17-25. [PMID: 21791392 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ethanolic extract of propolis (200mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated against acetaminophen (APAP; 20mg/kg, p.o.) induced subchronic hepatorenal injury in rats. Administration of APAP significantly increased the release of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, bilirubin and serum proteins, whereas concomitantly decreased hemoglobin, blood sugar and albumin. Hepatorenal reduced glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, hepatic CYPs i.e., aniline hydroxylase and amidopyrine-N-demethylase were significantly decreased after APAP intoxication. Lipid peroxidation showed significant elevation in both organs significantly after APAP assault. Total proteins, glycogen contents and the activities of certain metabolic enzymes i.e., adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase were altered after APAP administration. Propolis extract exhibited curative effects by reversing APAP induced alterations in blood biochemical variables, CYP enzymes and markers of oxidative stress. Histopathological analysis of liver and kidney was consistent with the biochemical findings and led us to conclude the curative potential of propolis against APAP induced hepatorenal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bhadauria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
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33
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Propolis reverses acetaminophen induced acute hepatorenal alterations: A biochemical and histopathological approach. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:451-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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In vitro antileishmanial activity of Adana propolis samples on Leishmania tropica: a preliminary study. Parasitol Res 2008; 102:1217-25. [PMID: 18264819 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-0896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Propolis (bee glue) is a natural resinous hive product, collected from various plant sources. It has attracted much attention as a useful substance applied in medicine due to its pharmacological activities. It was aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of an ethanolic extract of Adana propolis samples on the growth of Leishmania tropica. Parasite cells were treated with five concentrations (25, 50, 100, 50, 500, and 750 microg/ml) of the propolis. The number of promastigotes in each concentration was calculated using a hemocytometer slide at 24, 48, and 72 h after being harvested. In the experiments, it was determined that the concentrations up to 100 mug/ml of the propolis did not exhibit antileishmanial activity against the parasites cells. At these concentrations, there was no changes in terms of morphologically. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of cell count between control and these three groups (p > 0.05). However, in culture media containing the propolis samples at 250, 500, and 750-microg/ml concentrations, statistically significant differences in cell counts were observed, as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that ethanolic extracts of Adana propolis samples reduce the proliferation of L. tropica parasites significantly.
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Ayres DC, Marcucci MC, Giorgio S. Effects of Brazilian propolis on Leishmania amazonensis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 102:215-20. [PMID: 17426888 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007005000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, an endemic parasitosis that leads to chronic cutaneous, mucocutaneous or visceral lesions, is part of those diseases, which still requires improved control tools. Propolis has shown activities against different bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In this study we investigated the effect of four ethanolic extracts of typified propolis collected in different Brazilian states, on Leishmania amazonensis performing assays with promastigote forms, extracellular amastigotes, and on infected peritoneal macrophages. Ethanolic extracts of all propolis samples (BRG, BRPG, BRP-1, and BRV) were capable to reduce parasite load as monitored by the percentage of infected macrophages and the number of intracellular parasites. BRV sample called red propolis, collected in the state of Alagoas, and containing high concentration of prenylated and benzophenones compounds, was the most active extract against L. amazonensis. The anti-Leishmania effect of BRV sample was increased in a concentration and time dependent manner. BRV treatment proved to be non-toxic to macrophage cultures. Since BRV extract at the concentration of 25 microg/ml reduced the parasite load of macrophages while presented no direct toxic to promastigotes and extracellular amastigotes, it was suggested that constituents of propolis intensify the mechanism of macrophage activation leading to killing of L. amazonensis. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that ethanolic extracts of Brazilian propolis reduce L. amazonensis infection in macrophages, and encourage further studies of this natural compound in animal models of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Copi Ayres
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Machado GMDC, Leon LL, De Castro SL. Activity of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis against different species of Leishmania. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 102:73-7. [PMID: 17294003 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007000100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts of propolis samples collected in Brazil and Bulgaria were assayed against four Leishmania species--Leishmania amazonensis, L. braziliensis, L. chagasi from the New World, and L. major from the Old World--associated to different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. The composition of the extracts has been previously characterized by high temperature high resolution gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Considering the chemical differences among the extracts and the behavior of the parasites, it was observed significant differences in the leishmanicidal activities with IC50/1 day values in the range of 2.8 to 229.3 microg/ml . An overall analysis showed that for all the species evaluated, Bulgarian extracts were more active than the ethanol Brazilian extract. As the assayed propolis extracts have their chemical composition determined it merits further investigation the effect of individual components or their combinations on each Leishmania species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérzia Maria de Carvalho Machado
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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