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Cristovão-Silva AC, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, Dionisio da Silva E, Leite ACL, Santiago LBAA, Conceição JMD, da Silva Tiburcio R, de Santana DP, Bedor DCG, de Carvalho BÍV, Ferreira LFGR, de Freitas E Silva R, Alves Pereira VR, Hernandes MZ. Trypanosoma cruzi killing and immune response boosting by novel phenoxyhydrazine-thiazole against Chagas disease. Exp Parasitol 2024; 261:108749. [PMID: 38593864 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) causes Chagas, which is a neglected tropical disease (NTD). WHO estimates that 6 to 7 million people are infected worldwide. Current treatment is done with benznidazole (BZN), which is very toxic and effective only in the acute phase of the disease. In this work, we designed, synthesized, and characterized thirteen new phenoxyhydrazine-thiazole compounds and applied molecular docking and in vitro methods to investigate cell cytotoxicity, trypanocide activity, nitric oxide (NO) production, cell death, and immunomodulation. We observed a higher predicted affinity of the compounds for the squalene synthase and 14-alpha demethylase enzymes of T. cruzi. Moreover, the compounds displayed a higher predicted affinity for human TLR2 and TLR4, were mildly toxic in vitro for most mammalian cell types tested, and LIZ531 (IC50 2.8 μM) was highly toxic for epimastigotes, LIZ311 (IC50 8.6 μM) for trypomastigotes, and LIZ331 (IC50 1.9 μM) for amastigotes. We observed that LIZ311 (IC50 2.5 μM), LIZ431 (IC50 4.1 μM) and LIZ531 (IC50 5 μM) induced 200 μg/mL of NO and JM14 induced NO production in three different concentrations tested. The compound LIZ331 induced the production of TNF and IL-6. LIZ311 induced the secretion of TNF, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17, cell death by apoptosis, decreased acidic compartment formation, and induced changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, LIZ311 is a promising anti-T. cruzi compound is not toxic to mammalian cells and has increased antiparasitic activity and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Cristovão-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 50670-42, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 50670-42, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratory of Parasitology, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Elis Dionisio da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 50670-42, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Laboratory of Planning and Synthesis in Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Beatriz Amorim Alves Santiago
- Laboratory of Planning and Synthesis in Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria da Conceição
- Laboratory of Planning and Synthesis in Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Robert da Silva Tiburcio
- Laboratory of Planning and Synthesis in Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Davi Pereira de Santana
- Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Development Center (NUDFAC), Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Danilo Cesar Galindo Bedor
- Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Development Center (NUDFAC), Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Breno Ítalo Valença de Carvalho
- Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Development Center (NUDFAC), Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Gomes Rebello Ferreira
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Freitas E Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 50670-42, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 50670-42, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Monteiro BEF, da Silva ED, Bezerra GSN, Cavalcante MKDA, Pereira VRA, Castro MCAB, Mendes LG, Guedes DL, Barbosa Júnior WL, de Medeiros ZM. Evaluation of Proinflammatory Chemokines in HIV Patients with Asymptomatic Leishmania Infantum Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:495. [PMID: 37999614 PMCID: PMC10675805 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic Leishmania infantum, when associated with HIV, can become severe and potentially fatal. In this co-infection, the worst prognosis may be influenced by the host's immunological aspects, which are crucial in determining susceptibility. Chemokines play an important role in this process by influencing the cellular composition at affected sites and impacting the disease's outcome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate proinflammatory chemokines in HIV patients with the asymptomatic L. infantum infection. In this cross-sectional study, the levels of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, MIG, and IP-10 were measured in 160 serum samples from co-infected patients (n = 53), patients with HIV (n = 90), and negative controls (n = 17). Quantification was determined by flow cytometry. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn's post-test and the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Significance was set at p < 0.05. The chemokines CCL2, CCL5, MIG, and IP-10 exhibited higher levels in the HIV group compared to co-infection. However, the elevated levels of all these chemokines and their increased connectivity in co-infected patients appear to be important in identifying proinflammatory immune responses associated with the asymptomatic condition. Furthermore, a weak negative correlation was observed between higher levels of CXCL8 and lower viral loads in co-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Eduarda Freitas Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Health Biosciences and Biotechnology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Elis Dionísio da Silva
- Health and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Amazonas, Coari 69460-000, AM, Brazil;
| | - Gilberto Silva Nunes Bezerra
- Department of Nursing & Healthcare, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland;
| | - Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.K.d.A.C.); (M.C.A.B.C.)
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Biosciences and Biotechnology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.K.d.A.C.); (M.C.A.B.C.)
| | - Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz Castro
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.K.d.A.C.); (M.C.A.B.C.)
- Parasitology Laboratory, Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Lins Guedes
- Medical School, Life Sciences Center, Academic Center of Agreste, Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru 55014-900, PE, Brazil;
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-130, PE, Brazil
| | - Walter Lins Barbosa Júnior
- Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Zulma Maria de Medeiros
- Graduate Program in Health Biosciences and Biotechnology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
- Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-130, PE, Brazil
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de Almeida GC, de Oliveira GB, da Silva Monte Z, Costa ÉCS, da Silva Falcão EP, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Oliveira Silva R, Pereira VRA, da Silva ED, Junior PAS, de Andrade Cavalcante MK, de Melo SJ. Structure-based design, optimization of lead, synthesis, and biological evaluation of compounds active against Trypanosoma cruzi. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:843-856. [PMID: 37455325 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chagas' disease affects approximately eight million people throughout the world, especially the poorest individuals. The protozoan that causes this disease-Trypanosoma cruzi-has the enzyme cruzipain, which is the main therapeutic target. As no available medications have satisfactory effectiveness and safety, it is of fundamental importance to design and synthesize novel analogues that are more active and selective. In the present study, molecular docking and the in silico prediction of ADMET properties were used as strategies to optimize the trypanocidal activity of the pyrimidine compound ZN3F based on interactions with the target site in cruzipain. From the computational results, eight 4-amino-5-carbonitrile-pyrimidine analogues were proposed, synthesized (5a-f and 7g-h) and, tested in vitro on the trypomastigote form of the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi. The in silico study showed that the designed analogues bond favorably to important amino acid residues of the active site in cruzipain. An in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity was performed on L929 mammal cell lines. All derivatives inhibited the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi and also exhibited lower toxicity to L929 cells. The 5e product, in particular, proved to be a potent, selective (IC50 = 2.79 ± 0.00 μM, selectivity index = 31.3) inhibitor of T. cruzi. The present results indicated the effectiveness of drugs based on the structure of the receptor, revealing the potential trypanocidal of pyrimidines. This study also provides information on molecular aspects for the inhibition of cruzipain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleybson Correia de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gerliny Bezerra de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Zenaide da Silva Monte
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Érick Caique Santos Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Oliveira Silva
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Center for Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Journalist Anibal Fernandes, Recife, Brazil
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Elis Dionisio da Silva
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Policarpo Ademar Sales Junior
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Sebastião José de Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
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da Silva BRMG, Arruda POF, Dos Santos JCB, Neves RP, Pereira VRA, de Lima MCA, de Araújo HDA, Marques DSC, da Cruz Filho IJ. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant, cytotoxic, trypanocidal and antimicrobial activities of lignin obtained from Caesalpinia ferrea leaves and its use as an excipient in the release of oxacillin and fluconazole. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126225. [PMID: 37558029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In this context, the objective of this work was to isolate an alkaline lignin from the leaves of C. ferrea, in addition to investigating different biological activities and its use in the production of releasing tablets in vitro. Initially, the analysis of the composition of the leaves was performed, the contents were: cellulose (33.09 ± 0.3 %), hemicellulose (25.13 ± 0.1 %), lignin (18.29 ± 0.1 %), extractives (17.28 ± 1.0 %) and ash (6.20 ± 0.1 %). The leaves were fractionated to obtain alkaline lignin. The yield of obtaining lignin was 80.12 ± 0.1 %. The obtained lignin was characterized by the techniques: elemental analysis, FTIR, UV/Vis, 2D-NMR, GPC, TGA/DTG, DSC and PY-GC/MS. The results showed that the lignin obtained is of the GSH type, of low molecular weight and thermally stable. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by different assays promoting results only for DPPH (559.9 ± 0.8 μg/mL) and ABTS (484.1 ± 0.1 μg/mL) being able to promote low antioxidant activity. In addition, it showed low cytotoxicity in normal mammalian cells and promising antitumor and trypanocidal activity. Regarding antimicrobial activity, it was able to inhibit the growth of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin, presenting MIC values equal to the standard antibiotic oxacillin. It was also able to inhibit a strain of Candida albicans HAM13 sensitive to fluconazole. In addition, lignin promoted a synergistic effect by promoting a decrease in MIC against these two strains evaluated. Finally, lignin proved to be an excipient with potential for controlled release of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Otavio Figueredo Arruda
- Department of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Federal of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Rejane Pereira Neves
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carmo Alves de Lima
- Department of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Federal of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Santa Clara Marques
- Department of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Federal of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Iranildo José da Cruz Filho
- Department of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Federal of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
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Feitosa TA, de Souza Sá MV, Pereira VC, de Andrade Cavalcante MK, Pereira VRA, da Costa Armstrong A, do Carmo RF. Association of polymorphisms in long pentraxin 3 and its plasma levels with COVID-19 severity. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1225-1233. [PMID: 36315310 PMCID: PMC9619017 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is involved in the activation and regulation of the complement system, demonstrating an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The aim was to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in PTX3 and its plasma levels with the severity of COVID-19. This is a retrospective cohort study, carried out between August 2020 and July 2021, including patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized in 2 hospitals in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Polymorphisms in PTX3 (rs1840680 and rs2305619) were determined by real-time PCR. PTX3 plasma levels were measured by ELISA. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were determined by flow cytometry. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify parameters independently associated with COVID-19 severity. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. The study included 496 patients, classified as moderate (n = 267) and severe (n = 229) cases. The PTX3 AA genotype (rs1840680) was independently associated with protection against severe COVID-19 (P = 0.037; odds ratio = 0.555). PTX3 plasma levels were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality (P < 0.05). PTX3 levels were significantly correlated with IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein, total leukocytes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, urea, creatinine, ferritin, length of hospital stay, and higher respiratory rate (P < 0.05). Our results revealed a protective effect of the PTX3 AA genotype (rs1840680) on the development of severe forms of COVID-19. Additionally, PTX3 plasma levels were associated with the severity of COVID-19. The results of this study provide evidence of an important role of PTX3 in the immunopathology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiala Alves Feitosa
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Centro, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mirela Vanessa de Souza Sá
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Department of Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Therapeutic Innovation, Center of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Centro, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Cox Holanda de Barros Dias M, Souza Barbalho M, Bezerra de Oliveira Filho G, Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso M, Lima Leite AC, da Silva Santos AC, Cristovão Silva AC, Accioly Brelaz de Castro MC, Maria Nascimento Moura D, Gomes Rebello Ferreira LF, Zaldini Hernandes M, de Freitas E Silva R, Rêgo Alves Pereira V. 1,3-Thiazole derivatives as privileged structures for anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity: Rational design, synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115508. [PMID: 37267753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a deadly and centenary neglected disease that is recently surging as a potential global threat. Approximately 30% of infected individuals develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy and current treatment with the reference benznidazole (BZN) is ineffective for this stage. We presently report the structural planning, synthesis, characterization, molecular docking prediction, cytotoxicity, in vitro bioactivity and mechanistic studies on the anti-T. cruzi activity of a series of 16 novel 1,3-thiazoles (2-17) derived from thiosemicarbazones (1a, 1b) in a two-step and reproducible Hantzsch-based synthesis approach. The anti-T. cruzi activity was evaluated in vitro against the epimastigote, amastigote and trypomastigote forms of the parasite. In the bioactivity assays, all thiazoles were more potent than BZN against epimastigotes. We found that the compounds presented an overall increased anti-tripomastigote selectivity (Cpd 8 was 24-fold more selective) than BZN, and they mostly presented anti-amastigote activity at very low doses (from 3.65 μM, cpd 15). Mechanistic studies on cell death suggested that the series of 1,3-thiazole compounds herein reported cause parasite cell death through apoptosis, but without compromising the mitochondrial membrane potential. In silico prediction of physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters showed promising drug-like results, being all the reported compounds in compliance with Lipinski and Veber rules. In summary, our work contributes towards a more rational design of potent and selective antitripanosomal drugs, using affordable methodology to yield industrially viable drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabilly Cox Holanda de Barros Dias
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Souza Barbalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670- 420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Felipe Gomes Rebello Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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7
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Costa Souza RM, Montenegro Pimentel LML, Ferreira LKM, Pereira VRA, Santos ACDS, Dantas WM, Silva CJO, De Medeiros Brito RM, Andrade JL, De Andrade-Neto VF, Fujiwara RT, Bueno LL, Silva Junior VA, Pena L, Camara CA, Rathi B, De Oliveira RN. Biological activity of 1,2,3-triazole-2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and their evaluation as therapeutic strategy for malaria control. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115400. [PMID: 37130472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Malaria can be caused by several Plasmodium species and the development of an effective vaccine is challenging. Currently, the most effective tool to control the disease is the administration of specific chemotherapy; however, resistance to the frontline antimalarials is one of the major problems in malaria control and thus the development of new drugs becomes urgent. The study presented here sought to evaluate the antimalarial activities of compounds derived from 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones containing 1,2,3-triazole using in vivo and in vitro models. 1H-1,2,3-Triazole 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antimalarial activity in vitro, using P. falciparum W2 chloroquine (CQ) resistant strain and in vivo using the murine-P. berghei ANKA strain. Acute toxicity was determined as established by the OECD (2001). Cytotoxicity was evaluated against HepG2 and Vero mammalian cell lines. Transmission electron microscopy of the Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite (early and late stages) was used to evaluate the action of compounds derived at ultra-structural level. The compounds displayed low cytotoxicity CC50 > 100 μM, neither did they cause hemolysis at the tested doses and nor the signs of toxicity in the in vivo acute toxicity test. Among the five compounds tested, one showed IC50 values in submicromolar range of 0.8 μM. Compounds 7, 8 and 11 showed IC50 values < 5 μM, and selectivity index (SI) ranging from 6.8 to 343 for HepG2, and from 13.7 to 494.8 for Vero cells. Compounds 8 and 11 were partially active against P. berghei induced parasitemia in vivo. Analysis of the ultrastructural changes associated with the treatment of these two compounds, showed trophozoites with completely degraded cytoplasm, loss of membrane integrity, organelles in the decomposition stage and possible food vacuole deterioration. Our results indicated that compounds 8 and 11 may be considered hit molecules for antimalarial drug discovery platform and deserve further optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Maria Costa Souza
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunoepidemiology of Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Aline Caroline Da Silva Santos
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Willyenne Marília Dantas
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carla Jasmine Oliveira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ramayana Morais De Medeiros Brito
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology, LaBMAT/DMP/CB, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Parasitology, Laboratory of Immunobiology and Parasites Control, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Lucas Andrade
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology, LaBMAT/DMP/CB, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Valter Ferreira De Andrade-Neto
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology, LaBMAT/DMP/CB, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Department of Parasitology, Laboratory of Immunobiology and Parasites Control, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lilian Lacerda Bueno
- Department of Parasitology, Laboratory of Immunobiology and Parasites Control, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lindomar Pena
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Celso Amorim Camara
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ronaldo Nascimento De Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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8
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da Conceição JM, da Silva Santos AC, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Pinto AF, Brondani GL, de Oliveira Filho GB, Bedor DCG, da Silva JWV, Sales Junior PA, de Andrade Cavalcante MK, da Silva ED, Pereira VRA, Leite ACL. Structural design, synthesis, and anti-Trypanosomatidae profile of new Pyridyl-thiazolidinones. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115310. [PMID: 37062170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the synthesis of a novel series of pyridine-thiazolidinones with anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and leishmanicidal activities (compounds 10-27), derived from 2 or 4-pyridine thiosemicarbazones (1-9). The in vitro assays were performed with Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and amastigotes, as well as with Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes. The cytotoxicity profile was evaluated using the cell line RAW 264.7. From the 18 pyridine-thiazolidinones, 5 were able to inhibit trypomastigotes. Overall, all compounds inhibited amastigotes, highlighting compounds 15 (0.60 μM), 18 (0.64 μM), 17 (0.81 μM), and 27 (0.89 μM). Compounds 15 and 18 were able to induce parasite cell death through necrosis induction. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that T. cruzi trypomastigotes treated with compounds 15 and 18 induced morphological changes such as shortening, retraction and curvature of the parasite body and leakage of internal content. Regarding the antiparasitic evaluation against Leishmania amazonensis, only compound 27 had a higher selectivity compared to Miltefosine against the amastigote form (IC50 = 5.70 μM). Our results showed that compound 27 presented an antiparasitic activity for both Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis. After in silico evaluation, it was suggested that the new pyridine-thiazolidinones had an appropriate drug-likeness profile. Our results pointed out a new chemical frame with an anti-Trypanosomatidae profile. The pyridine-thiazolidinones presented here for the first time could be used as a starting point for the development of new antiparasitic agents.
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9
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Brelaz de Castro MCA, de Freitas E Silva R, de Andrade Cavalcante MK, Silva LLSB, Santos Dos Gomes FO, de Brito MEF, Pereira VRA. Chemokine receptors on human regulatory T cells during cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12966. [PMID: 36601688 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to define the population of regulatory T cells (Tregs) which are circulating in the blood of Leishmania infected individuals clinically displaying a lesion (active disease-AD) and sub-clinical (SC) ones. We have individually collected blood samples, processed the PBMC and stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against CD3, CD4, Foxp3, CD25, CTLA-4, Ki-67, CCR4, CCR5, and CCR7. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results suggest that CD25 and CTLA-4 are upregulated in Tregs of AD patients when compared to SC and uninfected (UN) controls. Moreover, Tregs proliferate upon infection based on Ki-67 nuclear antigen staining. Finally, we have observed that these Tregs of SC and AD patients upregulate CCR4, but not CCR5 and CCR7. There is an increase in the number of circulating Tregs in the blood of Leishmania infected individuals. These cells are potentially more suppressive based on the increased upregulation of CD25 and CTLA-4 during clinical infection (AD) when compared to SC infection. Tregs of both SC and AD cohorts are proliferating and express CCR4, which potentially guide them to the skin, but do not upregulate CCR5 and CCR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz de Castro
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Freitas E Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Larissa Layne Soares Bezerra Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Oliveira Santos Dos Gomes
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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10
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Cavalcante MKDA, de Freitas e Silva R, Pereira VRA, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA. Opinion Article: NK Cells in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Protection or Damage? Front Immunol 2022; 13:933490. [PMID: 35844579 PMCID: PMC9283678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Freitas e Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro,
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11
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Guedes DL, da Silva ED, Castro MCAB, Júnior WLB, Ibarra-Meneses AV, Tsoumanis A, Adriaensen W, van Griensven J, Pereira VRA, de Medeiros ZM. Comparison of serum cytokine levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-Leishmania coinfected individuals from a Brazilian visceral leishmaniasis endemic area. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010542. [PMID: 35714136 PMCID: PMC9246190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains an important infectious disease worldwide. VL-HIV coinfected individuals can present with atypical clinical forms of VL and have a high risk of VL relapse. Some cytokines have been described as potential markers to diagnose active VL and to predict the severity of the cases. However, few studies have included VL-HIV coinfected patients. We aimed to characterize the levels of several cytokines among VL-HIV coinfected individuals living in a VL-endemic area in Northeast Brazil. Methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study, aiming to estimate the levels of various cytokines in symptomatic and asymptomatic VL-HIV coinfected individuals. There were 134 study participants (35 symptomatic VL-HIV, 75 asymptomatic VL-HIV, and 24 healthy controls), all ≥ 18 years-old. Serum cytokine levels (interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukins 2, 4, 6, 10, and 17A) were quantified using the Becton Dickinson-BD’s Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) system. Results The population mainly consisted of men (64.9%), with a median age of 35 (27–41) years. Asymptomatic individuals were younger (p = 0.013), with more years of education (p < 0.001), and were more often on antiretroviral therapy (p < 0.001) than those in the symptomatic group. Hemoglobin levels (p < 0.001), lymphocytes (p < 0.001) and CD4 count (p < 0.001) were lower in symptomatic individuals, while HIV viral loads were higher (p < 0.001). In the symptomatic VL-HIV coinfected group, we observed increased serum levels of IL-17A, IL-6, and IL-10 compared to asymptomatic patients and the healthy controls. There were no differences in the levels of all cytokines between asymptomatic VL-HIV coinfected individuals and the healthy controls. Conclusions Higher serum levels of IL-17A, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines were observed in symptomatic coinfected individuals but not in asymptomatically infected individuals. More studies among HIV-positive persons are needed to better understand the role of serum cytokines for prognosis, to define cure and predict VL relapses in VL-HIV coinfected individuals. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease, classified as a neglected disease by the World Health Organization. It is present in more than 60 countries in four continents, with most tropical and subtropical countries affected. Without treatment, the disease is fatal. HIV-positive persons are especially affected by VL, with a worst prognosis. One of the main complications is the frequent reactivation of the disease even after successful treatment (VL relapse). Up to now, it is not clear why and when these reactivations occur, and many researches are trying to find some biological markers to answer this. Cytokines are one of these markers that may explain the progression of the disease. In this study, we compared the level of several key cytokines in symptomatic VL-HIV coinfected patients, asymptomatic VL-HIV coinfected individuals, and healthy controls living in a VL-endemic region in Northeastern Brazil. The serum cytokine levels were higher in symptomatic patients when compared with asymptomatic and healthy controls. More studies following VL-HIV patients are necessary to understand how these cytokines and the other biomarkers vary over time and whether they can predict VL relapse, and also the progression and the prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lins Guedes
- Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute–Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Curso de medicina, Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Elis Dionísio da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute–Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz Castro
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute–Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Walter Lins Barbosa Júnior
- Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute–Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Victoria Ibarra-Meneses
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire. Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Achilleas Tsoumanis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Adriaensen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan van Griensven
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute–Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Zulma Maria de Medeiros
- Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute–Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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12
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Ramos-Sanchez EM, Reis LC, Souza MDA, Muxel SM, Santos KR, Lagos D, Pereira VRA, de Brito MEF, Kaye PM, Floeter-Winter LM, Goto H. Corrigendum: miR-548d-3p Is Up-regulated in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis and Suppresses Parasite Growth in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:876035. [PMID: 35372119 PMCID: PMC8970010 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.876035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.826039.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Milton Ramos-Sanchez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Agrarian Sciences Center (CCA), Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Luiza Campos Reis
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina de Assis Souza
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Márcia Muxel
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila Reis Santos
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paul Martin Kaye
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hiro Goto
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Ramos-Sanchez EM, Reis LC, Souza MDA, Muxel SM, Santos KR, Lagos D, Pereira VRA, de Brito MEF, Kaye PM, Floeter-Winter LM, Goto H. miR-548d-3p Is Up-Regulated in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis and Suppresses Parasite Growth in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:826039. [PMID: 35265535 PMCID: PMC8900537 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.826039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Latin America progress with hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and weight loss and maybe lethal mainly in untreated cases. miRNAs are important regulators of immune and inflammatory gene expression, but their mechanisms of action and their relationship to pathogenesis in leishmaniasis are not well understood. In the present study, we sought to quantify changes in miRNAs associated with immune and inflammatory pathways using the L. (L.) infantum promastigote infected- human monocytic THP-1 cell model and plasma from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. We identified differentially expressed miRNAs in infected THP-1 cells compared with non-infected cells using qPCR arrays. These miRNAs were submitted to in silico analysis, revealing targets within functional pathways associated with TGF-β, chemokines, glucose metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell signaling. In parallel, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in active visceral leishmaniasis patient plasma compared with endemic healthy controls. In silico analysis of these data indicated different predicted targets within the TGF-β, TLR4, IGF-I, chemokine, and HIF1α pathways. Only a small number of miRNAs were commonly identified in these two datasets, notably with miR-548d-3p being up-regulated in both conditions. To evaluate the potential biological role of miR-548d-3p, we transiently transfected a miR-548d-3p inhibitor into L. (L.) infantum infected-THP-1 cells, finding that inhibition of miR-548d-3p enhanced parasite growth, likely mediated through reduced levels of MCP-1/CCL2 and nitric oxide production. Further work will be required to determine how miR-548d-3p plays a role in vivo and whether it serves as a potential biomarker of progressive leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Milton Ramos-Sanchez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Agrarian Sciences Center (CCA), Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Luiza Campos Reis
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina de Assis Souza
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Márcia Muxel
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila Reis Santos
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paul Martin Kaye
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hiro Goto
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Nunes dos Santos Silva V, Da Silva Santos AC, Rêgo Alves Pereira V, Accioly Brelaz de Castro MC. Considerations about leishmaniasis and the current scenario for the development of new treatments. Rev Patol Trop 2022. [DOI: 10.5216/rpt.v50i4.69817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people around the world, mainly socially vulnerable populations and is considered a serious public health problem. Caused by several species of the flagellated protozoa of the Leishmania genus, it is transmitted to man through female sand fly bites. The disease can present the cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral clinical forms, varying according to the parasite species and depending on host immune response. Depending on its evolution, the disease may pose serious risks to the afflicted individual’s health. In general, treatment for Leishmaniasis is with pentavalent antimonials, in use for approximately 70 years. However, the existing treatment for Leishmaniasis presents drawbacks such as high toxicity, several side effects, cases of resistance, highlighting the need for new efficient therapeutic approaches. Given all the problems that involve the current treatment of leishmaniasis, it is of paramount importance to seek and screen new molecules that have leishmanicidal activity, meet the safety criteria, while presenting low toxicity, low cost, easy administration and that cure efficiently. This review presents some considerations on the leishmaniasis situation, its treatment and the current panorama for the development of new therapies.KEY WORDS: Leishmania spp.; therapeutics; drug development; immune response.
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15
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Souza MDA, Ramos-Sanchez EM, Muxel SM, Lagos D, Reis LC, Pereira VRA, Brito MEF, Zampieri RA, Kaye PM, Floeter-Winter LM, Goto H. miR-548d-3p Alters Parasite Growth and Inflammation in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:687647. [PMID: 34178725 PMCID: PMC8224172 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.687647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is an endemic disease in Latin America, mainly caused in Brazil by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Clinical manifestations vary from mild, localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to aggressive mucosal disease. The host immune response strongly determines the outcome of infection and pattern of disease. However, the pathogenesis of ATL is not well understood, and host microRNAs (miRNAs) may have a role in this context. In the present study, miRNAs were quantified using qPCR arrays in human monocytic THP-1 cells infected in vitro with L. (V.) braziliensis promastigotes and in plasma from patients with ATL, focusing on inflammatory response-specific miRNAs. Patients with active or self-healed cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, with confirmed parasitological or immunological diagnosis, were compared with healthy controls. Computational target prediction of significantly-altered miRNAs from in vitro L. (V.) braziliensis-infected THP-1 cells revealed predicted targets involved in diverse pathways, including chemokine signaling, inflammatory, cellular proliferation, and tissue repair processes. In plasma, we observed distinct miRNA expression in patients with self-healed and active lesions compared with healthy controls. Some miRNAs dysregulated during THP-1 in vitro infection were also found in plasma from self-healed patients, including miR-548d-3p, which was upregulated in infected THP-1 cells and in plasma from self-healed patients. As miR-548d-3p was predicted to target the chemokine pathway and inflammation is a central to the pathogenesis of ATL, we evaluated the effect of transient transfection of a miR-548d-3p inhibitor on L. (V.) braziliensis infected-THP-1 cells. Inhibition of miR-548d-3p reduced parasite growth early after infection and increased production of MCP1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5, and IP10/CXCL10. In plasma of self-healed patients, MCP1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5, and IL-8/CXCL8 concentrations were significantly decreased and MIG/CXCL9 and IP-10/CXCL10 increased compared to patients with active disease. These data suggest that by modulating miRNAs, L. (V.) braziliensis may interfere with chemokine production and hence the inflammatory processes underpinning lesion resolution. Our data suggest miR-548d-3p could be further evaluated as a prognostic marker for ATL and/or as a host-directed therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Assis Souza
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Milton Ramos-Sanchez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | | | - Dimitris Lagos
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Luiza Campos Reis
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paul Martin Kaye
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hiro Goto
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Bezerra de Oliveira Filho G, Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso M, Caroline da Silva Santos A, Ramos Dos Santos TA, Cristovão-Silva AC, Rubio LG, da Silva Maia Neto L, Leite PG, Machado FS, Alves LC, Brayner FA, Alves Pereira VR, Lima Leite AC. Structural design, synthesis and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi profile of the second generation of 4-thiazolidinones chlorine derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109514. [PMID: 34023282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease causes more deaths in the Americas than any other parasitic disease. Initially confined to the American continent, it is increasingly becoming a global health problem. In fact, it is considered to be an "exotic" disease in Europe, being virtually undiagnosed. Benznidazole, the only drug approved for treatment, effectively treats acute-stage Chagas disease, but its effectiveness for treating indeterminate and chronic stages remains uncertain. Previously, our research group demonstrated that 4-thiazolidinones presented anti-T. cruzi activity including in the in vivo assays in mice, making this fragment appealing for drug development. The present work reports the synthesis and anti-T. cruzi activities of a novel series of 4-thiazolidinones derivatives that resulted in an increased anti-T. cruzi activity in comparison to thiosemicarbazones intermediates. Compounds 2c, 2e, and 3a showed potent inhibition of the trypomastigote form of the parasite at low cytotoxicity concentrations in mouse splenocytes. Besides, all the 2c, 2e, and 3a tested concentrations showed no cytotoxic activity on macrophages cell viability. When macrophages were submitted to T. cruzi infection and treated with 2c and 3a, compounds reduced the release of trypomastigote forms. Results also showed that the increased trypanocidal activity induced by 2c and 3a is independent of nitric oxide release. Flow cytometry assay showed that compound 2e was able to induce necrosis and apoptosis in trypomastigotes. Parasites treated with the compounds 2e, 3a, and 3c presented flagellum shortening, retraction and curvature of the parasite body, and extravasation of the internal content. Together, these data revealed a novel series of 4-thiazolidinones fragment-based compounds with potential effects against T. cruzi and lead-like characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aline Caroline da Silva Santos
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago André Ramos Dos Santos
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina Cristovão-Silva
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Laura González Rubio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz da Silva Maia Neto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gaio Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami-LIKA / UFPE, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Parasitology, Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Leishmaniasis, and Mutagenesis, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabio André Brayner
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami-LIKA / UFPE, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Parasitology, Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Leishmaniasis, and Mutagenesis, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM / FIOCRUZ, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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17
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Guedes DL, Justo AM, Barbosa Júnior WL, Silva EDD, Aquino SRD, Lima Junior MSDC, Montarroyos U, Bezerra GSN, Vieira AVB, Pereira VRA, Medeiros ZMD. Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-positive outpatients on antiretroviral therapy in Pernambuco, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009067. [PMID: 33476331 PMCID: PMC7853496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in HIV-positive individuals is a global health problem. HIV-Leishmania coinfection worsens prognosis and mortality risk, and HIV-Leishmania coinfected individuals are more susceptible to VL relapses. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy can protect against Leishmania infection in individuals living in VL-endemic areas, and regular use of antiretrovirals might prevent VL relapses in these individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Petrolina, Brazil, an VL-endemic area, to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic Leishmania cases among HIV-positive outpatients. Methods We invited any HIV-positive patients, aged ≥ 18-years-old, under antiretroviral therapy, and who were asymptomatic for VL. Patients were tested for Leishmania with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)-rK39, immunochromatographic test (ICT)-rK39, direct agglutination test (DAT), latex agglutination test (KAtex), and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HIV-Leishmania coinfection was diagnosed when at least one VL test was positive. Results A total of 483 patients were included. The sample was predominantly composed of single, < 48-years-old, black/pardo, heterosexual males, with fewer than 8 years of schooling. The prevalence of asymptomatic HIV-Leishmania coinfection was 9.11% (44/483). HIV mono-infected and HIV-Leishmania coinfected groups differed statistically significantly in terms of race (p = 0.045), marital status (p = 0.030), and HIV viral load (p = 0.046). Black/pardo patients, married patients, and those with an HIV viral load up to 100,000 copies/ml presented higher odds for HIV-Leishmania coinfection. Conclusions A considerable number of asymptomatic Leishmania cases were observed among HIV-positive individuals in a VL-endemic area. Given the potential impact on transmission and health costs, as well as the impact on these coinfected individuals, studies of asymptomatic Leishmania carriers can be useful for guiding public health policies in VL-endemic areas aiming to control and eliminate the disease. Every year up to 90,000 new cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occurs globally. One of the most neglected diseases, VL is endemic in 60 countries in four continents. Brazil is one of seven countries in which 90% of all cases in the world occur. When co-occurring with HIV, VL tends to be more severe than in HIV-negative persons, leading to worse prognosis and frequent relapses. In this study HIV-positive outpatients, aged 18 years or older, under antiretroviral therapy, who were asymptomatic for VL, were tested for Leishmania. We observed a prevalence of 9.11% (44/483) of HIV-Leishmania coinfection. For those HIV-positive/Leishmania-negative individuals who live in VL-endemic areas, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy can be a protective factor against Leishmania infection. On the other hand, for HIV-Leishmania coinfected individuals who regularly use antiretrovirals might prevent VL relapses. Studies centering on asymptomatic Leishmania carriers can be useful for guiding public health measures in VL-endemic areas seeking to control and eliminate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lins Guedes
- Curso de Medicina, Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Caruaru, Brasil.,Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brasil
| | - Alda Maria Justo
- Núcleo de Pós-Graduação, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | | | - Elis Dionísio da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brasil
| | | | | | - Ulisses Montarroyos
- Núcleo de Pós-Graduação, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Zulma Maria de Medeiros
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brasil.,Núcleo de Pós-Graduação, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
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18
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Haroon M, de Barros Dias MCH, Santos ACDS, Pereira VRA, Barros Freitas LA, Balbinot RB, Kaplum V, Nakamura CV, Alves LC, Brayner FA, Leite ACL, Akhtar T. The design, synthesis, and in vitro trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities of 1,3-thiazole and 4-thiazolidinone ester derivatives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2487-2500. [PMID: 35424158 PMCID: PMC8693751 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas and leishmaniasis are both neglected tropical diseases, whose inefficient therapies have made them remain the cause for millions of deaths worldwide. Given this, we synthesized 27 novel 1,3-thiazoles and 4-thiazolidinones using bioisosteric and esterification strategies to develop improved and safer drug candidates. After an easy, rapid and low-cost synthesis with satisfactory yields, compounds were structurally characterized. Then, in vitro assays were performed, against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes, Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and amastigotes, for selected compounds to determine IC50 and SI, with cytotoxicity on LLC-MK2 cell lines. Overall, 1,3-thiazoles exhibited better trypanocidal activity than 4-thiazolidinones. The compound 1f, an ortho-bromobenzylidene-substituted 1,3-thiazole (IC50 = 0.83 μM), is the most potent of them all. In addition, compounds had negligible cytotoxicity in mammalian cells (CC50 values > 50 μM). Also noteworthy is the examination of the cell death mechanism of T. cruzi, which showed that compound 1f induced necrosis and apoptosis in the parasite. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote cells with the compound 1f at different IC50 concentrations promoted alterations in the shape, flagella and body surface, inducing parasite death. Together, our data revealed a novel series of 1,3-thiazole structure-based compounds with promising activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp., broadening ways for scaffold optimization. Chagas and leishmaniasis are both neglected tropical diseases, whose inefficient therapies have made them remain the cause for millions of deaths worldwide.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haroon
- Department of Chemistry
- Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur
- 10250-Mirpur
- Pakistan
| | - Mabilly Cox Holanda de Barros Dias
- Laboratório de Planejamento em química medicinal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences Centre
- Federal University of Pernambuco
- Recife
| | | | | | - Luiz Alberto Barros Freitas
- Laboratório de Planejamento em química medicinal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences Centre
- Federal University of Pernambuco
- Recife
| | - Rodolfo Bento Balbinot
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos
- State University of Maringá
- Paraná
- Brazil
| | - Vanessa Kaplum
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos
- State University of Maringá
- Paraná
- Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos
- State University of Maringá
- Paraná
- Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA)
- Recife
- Brazil
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
| | - Fábio André Brayner
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA)
- Recife
- Brazil
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Laboratório de Planejamento em química medicinal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences Centre
- Federal University of Pernambuco
- Recife
| | - Tashfeen Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry
- Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur
- 10250-Mirpur
- Pakistan
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19
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Teixeira de Moraes Gomes PA, Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso M, Dos Santos IR, Amaro de Sousa F, da Conceição JM, Gouveia de Melo Silva V, Duarte D, Pereira R, Oliveira R, Nogueira F, Alves LC, Brayner FA, da Silva Santos AC, Rêgo Alves Pereira V, Lima Leite AC. Dual Parasiticidal Activities of Phthalimides: Synthesis and Biological Profile against Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2164-2175. [PMID: 32813331 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease and malaria are two neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that prevail in tropical and subtropical regions in 149 countries. Chagas is also present in Europe, the US and Australia due to immigration of asymptomatic infected individuals. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the control of both diseases relies on chemotherapy. However, the emergence of parasite drug resistance is rendering currently available drugs obsolete. Hence, it is crucial to develop new molecules. Phthalimides, thiosemicarbazones, and 1,3-thiazoles have been used as scaffolds to obtain antiplasmodial and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Herein we present the synthesis of 24 phthalimido-thiosemicarbazones (3 a-x) and 14 phthalimido-thiazoles (4 a-n) and the corresponding biological activity against T. cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines. Some of these compounds showed potent inhibition of T. cruzi at low cytotoxic concentrations in RAW 264.7 cells. The most active compounds, 3 t (IC50 =3.60 μM), 3 h (IC50 =3.75 μM), and 4 j (IC50 =4.48 μM), were more active than the control drug benznidazole (IC50 =14.6 μM). Overall, the phthalimido-thiosemicarbazone derivatives were more potent than phthalimido-thiazole derivatives against T. cruzi. Flow cytometry assay data showed that compound 4 j was able to induce necrosis and apoptosis in trypomastigotes. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that T. cruzi trypomastigote cells treated with compounds 3 h, 3 t, and 4 j at IC50 concentrations promoted changes in the shape, flagella, and surface of the parasite body similar to those observed in benznidazole-treated cells. The compounds with the highest antimalarial activity were the phthalimido-thiazoles 4 l (IC50 =1.2 μM), 4 m (IC50 =1.7 μM), and 4 n (IC50 =2.4 μM). Together, these data revealed that phthalimido derivatives possess a dual antiparasitic profile with potential effects against T. cruzi and lead-like characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso
- Laboratório de Prospecção de Moléculas Bioativas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental para o Semiárido, Universidade de Pernambuco, 56328-903, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Ignes Regina Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Amaro de Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria da Conceição
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Gouveia de Melo Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Denise Duarte
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Pereira
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Laboratório de imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Campus UFPE, 50670-901, Recife PE, Brazil.,Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabio André Brayner
- Laboratório de imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Campus UFPE, 50670-901, Recife PE, Brazil.,Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
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20
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Amorim EADS, de França ÁA, Pereira VRA, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA. IL-1 family and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A poorly understood relationship. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:85-92. [PMID: 32540132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cytokines of the interleukin (IL) -1 family act in the initiation of an effective immune response in Leishmania infection, represented mainly by the T helper 1 (Th1) profile, in addition to being associated with disease exacerbation and controversial contributions in the Th2 responses. The family also includes members who self-regulate inflammation, such as antagonists and anti-inflammatory cytokines, most of which have not yet been studied in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in humans. Here we summarize findings about what is known so far about the role of these cytokines in mice, the main study model, and in humans. We reinforce the importance of studies of these cytokines as new targets in the context of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Alves da Silva Amorim
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, PE, 55608-680, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco Foundation (Fiocruz/PE), Department of Immunology, Av. Moraes Rego, s/n - Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Áquila Alcântara de França
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, PE, 55608-680, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco Foundation (Fiocruz/PE), Department of Immunology, Av. Moraes Rego, s/n - Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco Foundation (Fiocruz/PE), Department of Immunology, Av. Moraes Rego, s/n - Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, PE, 55608-680, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco Foundation (Fiocruz/PE), Department of Immunology, Av. Moraes Rego, s/n - Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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21
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E Silva RDF, de Oliveira BC, da Silva AA, Brelaz de Castro MCA, Ferreira LFGR, Hernandes MZ, de Brito MEF, de-Melo-Neto OP, Rezende AM, Pereira VRA. Immunogenicity of Potential CD4 + and CD8 + T Cell Epitopes Derived From the Proteome of Leishmania braziliensis. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3145. [PMID: 32117204 PMCID: PMC7033680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A safe and effective vaccine against human leishmaniasis still requires the identification of better antigens for immunization and adequate models to evaluate the immune response. To support vaccine development, this work tested the immunogenicity of 10 different peptides derived from the proteome of Leishmania braziliensis, which were selected by their in silico affinity to MHC complexes. Research design and Methods: Comparative cell proliferation assays were performed by culturing, in the presence of each peptide, PBMC cells from subclinical subjects (SC), cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with active disease (AD), post-treatment (PT) individuals, and healthy controls. Culture supernatants were then used for Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine measurements. Cells from selected PT samples were also used to assess the expression, by T cells, of the T-bet Th1 transcription factor. Results: A robust cell proliferation was observed for the SC group, for all the tested peptides. The levels of Th1 cytokines were peptide-dependent and had substantial variations between groups, where, for instance, IFN-γ and TNF levels were some of the highest, particularly on PT cultures, when compared to IL-2. On the other hand, Th2 cytokines displayed much less variation. IL-6 was the most abundant among all the evaluated cytokines while IL-4 and IL-10 could be found at much lower concentrations. IL-17 was also detected with variations in SC and AD groups. T-bet was up-regulated in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the PT group after stimulation with all peptides. Conclusions: The peptide epitopes can differentially stimulate cells from SC, AD, and PT individuals, leading to distinct immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Freitas E Silva
- Department of Natural Sciences, Universidade de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz de Castro
- Department of Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil.,Parasitology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
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22
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Coutinho De Oliveira B, Duthie MS, Alves Pereira VR. Vaccines for leishmaniasis and the implications of their development for American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:919-930. [PMID: 31634036 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1678998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The leishmaniases are a collection of vector-borne parasitic diseases caused by a number of different Leishmania species that are distributed worldwide. Clinical and laboratory research have together revealed several important immune components that control Leishmania infection and indicate the potential of immunization to prevent leishmaniasis. In this review we introduce previous and ongoing experimental research efforts to develop vaccines against Leishmania species. First, second and third generation vaccine strategies that have been proposed to counter cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis (CL and VL, respectively) are summarized. One of the major bottlenecks in development is the transition from results in animal model studies to humans, and we highlight that although American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL; New World CL) can progress to destructive and disfiguring mucosal lesions, most research has been conducted using mouse models and Old World Leishmania species. We conclude that assessment of vaccine candidates in ATL settings therefore appears merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Coutinho De Oliveira
- Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil
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23
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Ribeiro AG, Almeida SMVD, de Oliveira JF, Souza TRCDL, Santos KLD, Albuquerque APDB, Nogueira MCDBL, Carvalho Junior LBD, Moura ROD, da Silva AC, Pereira VRA, Castro MCABD, Lima MDCAD. Novel 4-quinoline-thiosemicarbazone derivatives: Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, in vitro and in silico biomacromolecule interaction studies and topoisomerase inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Cardoso MVDO, Oliveira Filho GBD, Siqueira LRPD, Espíndola JWP, Silva EBD, Mendes APDO, Pereira VRA, Castro MCABD, Ferreira RS, Villela FS, Costa FMRD, Meira CS, Moreira DRM, Soares MBP, Leite ACL. 2-(phenylthio)ethylidene derivatives as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds: Structural design, synthesis and antiparasitic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:191-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Cardoso da Silva CD, Lagos de Melo CM, Matoso Maciel Carvalho EV, Lino da Silva MA, Bezerra RF, Guerra Dos Santos AJ, Alves Pereira VR, Breitenbach Barroso Coelho LC. Proliferative Effect of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) Lectin on BALB/c Mice Splenocytes. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:887-892. [PMID: 31544688 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190911144057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectins have been studied in recent years due to their immunomodulatory activities. OBJECTIVE We purified a lectin named OniL from tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and here we analyzed the cell proliferation and cytokine production in Balb/c mice splenocytes. METHODS Cells were stimulated in vitro in 24, 48, 72 hours and 6 days with different concentrations of OniL and Con A. Evaluation of cell proliferation was performed through [3H]-thymidine incorporation, cytokines were investigated using ELISA assay and cell viability assay was performed by investigation of damage through signals of apoptosis and necrosis. RESULTS OniL did not promote significant cell death, induced high mitogenic activity in relation to control and Con A and stimulated the cells to release high IL-2 and IL-6 cytokines. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, like Con A, OniL lectin can be used as a mitogenic agent in immunostimulatory assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mércia Andréa Lino da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rosiely Félix Bezerra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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26
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Silva ACC, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, Leite ACL, Pereira VRA, Hernandes MZ. Chagas Disease Treatment and Rational Drug Discovery: A Challenge That Remains. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:873. [PMID: 31427977 PMCID: PMC6690016 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Cristovão Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil.,Laboratório de Parasitologia, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil
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Morais NGD, Costa TBD, Ferreira de Lima LF, Basílio DDS, Morais NNGD, Paiva Cavalcanti MD, Pereira VRA, de Castro CMMB. Impact of neonatal malnutrition on expression TLR-9, NF-kB and cytokines of macrophages infected in vitro with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:254-260. [PMID: 31075429 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Early nutritional aggressions promote epigenetic adjustments that culminate in the loss of phenotype plasticity (with permanent long-term modifications). Maternal diet and inadequate neonatal nutrition can result in fetal programming that presents susceptibility to infections in adult life. Thus, it becomes essential to verify the impacts of neonatal malnutrition (even following nutritional replacement) on the immunological response to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Male rats were divided into two distinct groups: Nourished and Malnourished. After isolation of mononuclear cells, four systems were established: negative control, positive control and two testing systems, (MSSA and MRSA). Tests were performed to analyze expression of TLR-9, NF-kB, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33. For statistical analysis, we used the Student t and ANOVA tests p < 0.05. Even after nutritional replacement, malnutrition in the neonatal period compromised the animals' weight gains p < 0.05. There was a reduction in the expression of the immunological response in the positive control, however deregulation was observed in the gene expression of MRSA-infected macrophages, with a reduction in TLR-9 expression, and overexpression in NF-kB and cytokines p < 0.05. Puppies inflicted with protein-calorie malnutrition were compromised; (long-term) body growth and immune response. In the infectious scenario, immune collapse is reflected in inflammatory response exacerbation with a likely histolytic character. Immune disabling (resulting from gene expression deregulation) causes susceptibility to infections due to ineffective recognition, intense pro-inflammatory mediation, and cell death. It is suggested that neonatal malnutrition can program susceptibility to multiresistant bacterial infections, and generally favors a triggering of more intense confrontations with fatal outcomes.
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da Silva EB, Oliveira E Silva DA, Oliveira AR, da Silva Mendes CH, Dos Santos TAR, da Silva AC, de Castro MCA, Ferreira RS, Moreira DRM, Cardoso MVDO, de Simone CA, Pereira VRA, Leite ACL. Desing and synthesis of potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents new thiazoles derivatives which induce apoptotic parasite death. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 130:39-50. [PMID: 28242550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a relevant cause of illness and premature death and it is estimated that 6 million to 7 million people are infected worldwide. Although chemotherapy options are limited presenting serious problems, such as low efficacy and high toxicity. T. cruzi is susceptible to thiazoles, making this class of compounds appealing for drug development. Previously, thiazoles resulted in an increase in anti-T. cruzi activity in comparison to thiosemicarbazones. Here, we report the structural planning, synthesis and anti-T. cruzi evaluation of new thiazoles derivatives (3a-m and 4a-m), designed from molecular hybridization associated with non-classical bioisosterism. By varying substituents attached to the phenyl and thiazole rings, substituents were observed to retain, enhance or greatly increase their anti-T. cruzi activity, in comparison to the corresponding thiosemicarbazones. In most cases, electron-withdrawing substituents, such as bromine, 3,4-dichloro and nitro groups, greatly increased antiparasitic activity. Specifically, new thiazoles were identified that inhibit the epimastigote proliferation and were toxic for trypomastigotes without affecting macrophages viability. These compounds were also evaluated against cruzain. However, inhibition of this enzyme was not observed, suggesting that the compounds work through another mechanism. In addition, examination of T. cruzi cell death showed that these molecules induce apoptosis. In conclusion, except for compounds 3h and 3k, all thiazoles derivatives evaluated exhibited higher cytotoxic activity against the trypomastigote forms than the reference medicament benznidazole, without affecting macrophages viability. Compounds 4d and 4k were highlights, CC50 = 1.2 e 1.6 μM, respectively. Mechanistically, these compounds do not inhibit the cruzain, but induce T. cruzi cell death by an apoptotic process, being considered a good starting point for the development of new anti-Chagas drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elany Barbosa da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Arsênio Rodrigues Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique da Silva Mendes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Carolina Acioly de Castro
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Parasitologia, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Alberto de Simone
- Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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E Silva RDF, Ferreira LFGR, Hernandes MZ, de Brito MEF, de Oliveira BC, da Silva AA, de-Melo-Neto OP, Rezende AM, Pereira VRA. Combination of In Silico Methods in the Search for Potential CD4(+) and CD8(+) T Cell Epitopes in the Proteome of Leishmania braziliensis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:327. [PMID: 27621732 PMCID: PMC5002431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases widespread throughout the globe, which are caused by protozoans from the genus Leishmania and are transmitted by infected phlebotomine flies. The development of a safe and effective vaccine against these diseases has been seen as the best alternative to control and reduce the number of cases. To support vaccine development, this work has applied an in silico approach to search for high potential peptide epitopes able to bind to different major histocompatibility complex Class I and Class II (MHC I and MHC II) molecules from different human populations. First, the predicted proteome of Leishmania braziliensis was compared and analyzed by modern linear programs to find epitopes with the capacity to trigger an immune response. This approach resulted in thousands of epitopes derived from 8,000 proteins conserved among different Leishmania species. Epitopes from proteins similar to those found in host species were excluded, and epitopes from proteins conserved between different Leishmania species and belonging to surface proteins were preferentially selected. The resulting epitopes were then clustered, to avoid redundancies, resulting in a total of 230 individual epitopes for MHC I and 2,319 for MHC II. These were used for molecular modeling and docking with MHC structures retrieved from the Protein Data Bank. Molecular docking then ranked epitopes based on their predicted binding affinity to both MHC I and II. Peptides corresponding to the top 10 ranked epitopes were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their capacity to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from post-treated cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, with PBMC from healthy donors used as control. From the 10 peptides tested, 50% showed to be immunogenic and capable to stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes from recovered individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Freitas E Silva
- Department of Natural Sciences, Universidade de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco , Brazil
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Gomes de Morais N, Barreto da Costa T, Bezerra de Lira JM, da Cunha Gonçalves de Albuquerque S, Alves Pereira VR, de Paiva Cavalcanti M, Machado Barbosa de Castro CM. TLR and NLRP3 inflammasome expression deregulation in macrophages of adult rats subjected to neonatal malnutrition and infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nutrition 2016; 33:174-180. [PMID: 27637169 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nutritional aggression in critical periods may lead to epigenetic changes that affect gene expression. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of neonatal malnutrition on the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, and NLRP3 receptors, caspase-1 enzyme, and interleukin (IL)-1 β production in macrophages infected with methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS Wistar rats (N = 24) were divided in two distinct groups: nourished (17% casein) and malnourished (8% casein). Four systems were established after the isolation of mononuclear cells: negative control, positive control, MRSA, and MSSA. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h in humidified atmosphere and 5% carbon dioxide. Tests were performed after this period to analyze the expression of standard recognition receptors, caspase-1 enzyme, and the production of IL-1 β. Student's t test and analysis of variance were used in the statistical analysis; P < 0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS Malnutrition reduced animal growth and the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, and NLRP3 receptors, the caspase-1 enzyme, and the IL-1 β levels in macrophages infected with lipopolysaccharides in the present study. However, the interaction between the S. aureus and the macrophages promoted greater gene expression of receptors and enzymes. CONCLUSION The neonatal malnutrition model compromised the expression of standard recognition receptors, of the caspase-1 enzyme as well as the production of IL-1 β. However, the S. aureus and neonatal malnutrition combination led to intense transcription of such innate immunity components. Therefore, the deregulation in the expression of TLR and NLRP3 receptors and of the caspase-1 enzyme may induce extensive tissue injury and favor the permanence and spread of these bacteria, especially those that are methicillin resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Gomes de Morais
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Milena de Paiva Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Pernambuco, Brazil
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de Moraes Gomes PAT, de Oliveira Barbosa M, Farias Santiago E, de Oliveira Cardoso MV, Capistrano Costa NT, Hernandes MZ, Moreira DRM, da Silva AC, Dos Santos TAR, Pereira VRA, Brayner Dos Santosd FA, do Nascimento Pereira GA, Ferreira RS, Leite ACL. New 1,3-thiazole derivatives and their biological and ultrastructural effects on Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:387-398. [PMID: 27295485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, the compound 3-(bromopropiophenone) thiosemicarbazone was described as a potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and cruzain inhibitor. In view to optimize this activity, 1,3-thiazole core was used as building-block strategy to access new lead generation of anti T. cruzi agents. In this way a series of thiazole derivatives were synthesized and most of these derivatives exhibited antiparasitic activity similar to benznidazole (Bzd). Among them, compounds (1c) and (1g) presented better selective index (SI) than Bzd. In addition, compounds showed inhibitory activity against the cruzain protease. As observed by electron microscopy, compound (1c) treatment caused irreversible and specific morphological changes on ultrastructure organization of T. cruzi, demonstrating that this class of compounds is killing parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miria de Oliveira Barbosa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Edna Farias Santiago
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Natáli Tereza Capistrano Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Caroline da Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Glaécia Aparecida do Nascimento Pereira
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Da Costa TB, De Morais NG, De Lira JMB, De Almeida TM, Gonçalves-De-Albuquerque SDC, Pereira VRA, De Paiva Cavalcanti M, De Castro CMMB. Relation between neonatal malnutrition and gene expression: inflammasome function in infections caused by Candida Albicans. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:693-704. [PMID: 26658898 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of neonatal malnutrition followed by nutritional replacement on the signaling mechanisms developed by the inflammasome complex by analyzing the expression of the targeted TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, caspase-1 and release of IL-1β and IL-18 by alveolar macrophages infected in vitro with Candida albicans. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 24), 90-120 days, were suckled by mothers whose diet during lactation contained 17 % protein in the nourish group and 8 % protein in the malnourished group. After weaning, both groups were fed a normal protein diet. Macrophages were obtained after tracheostomy, through the collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The quantification of the expression levels of targets (TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3 and caspase-1) was performed by real-time RT-PCR. Production of cytokines was performed by ELISA. RESULTS The malnourished animals during lactation showed reduced body weight from the fifth day of life, remaining until adulthood. Further, the model applied malnutrition induced a lower expression of TLR4 and caspase-1. The quantification of the TLR2 and NLRP3, as well as the release of IL-1β and IL-18, was not different between groups of animals nourished and malnourished. The system challenged with Candida albicans showed high expression levels of all targets in the study. CONCLUSIONS The tests demonstrate nutritional restriction during critical periods of development, although nutritional supplementation may compromise defense patterns in adulthood in a timely manner, preserving distinct signaling mechanism, so that the individual does not become widely vulnerable to infections by opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thacianna Barreto Da Costa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. .,Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Natália Gomes De Morais
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Joana Maria Bezerra De Lira
- Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Thays Miranda De Almeida
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campus Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campus Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Milena De Paiva Cavalcanti
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campus Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria Machado Barbosa De Castro
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
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de Paiva-Cavalcanti M, de Morais RCS, Pessoa-E-Silva R, Trajano-Silva LAM, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque SDC, Tavares DDHC, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, Silva RDFE, Pereira VRA. Leishmaniases diagnosis: an update on the use of immunological and molecular tools. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:31. [PMID: 26097678 PMCID: PMC4474361 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are caused by obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. They cause a spectrum of diseases, most notably visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL), and mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis, which affect millions of people around the world, each year. Despite scientific advances, leishmaniases cases are expanding, constituting an important public health problem. Immunological and molecular diagnostic tools have been increasingly applied for the early detection of these parasitic infections, since the existence of limitations in clinical and parasitological examinations may provide false results, thus interfering in epidemiological research and diseases control. Although there is a great diversity of available immunological assays, important common deficiencies persist, which explains the current exploration of the molecular biology in research fields, especially the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and its variants, such as real-time quantitative PCR. However, in the last years, significant results have also been reached inside of immunological context (especially by Flow Cytometry), for humans and dogs, demonstrated by research works of the New and Old worlds. In spite of their potential to clarify and minimize the present global situation of the diseases, the implementation of molecular or immunological innovative reference assays for VL and CL at health services is still a challenge due to several reasons, including lack of standardization among laboratories and structural concerns. In this article we bring classical and current information about technological advances for the immunological and molecular leishmaniases diagnosis, their features, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena de Paiva-Cavalcanti
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s / n, 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Rayana Carla Silva de Morais
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s / n, 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Rômulo Pessoa-E-Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s / n, 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael de Freitas E Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s / n, 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil ; Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Pernambuco (UPE), St. Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 105, 55920-000 São José, Garanhuns, PE Brazil
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s / n, 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil
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de Morais NG, da Costa TB, Pedrosa ALF, de Castro MCAB, da Gonçalves de Albuquerque SC, Pereira VRA, de Paiva Cavalcanti M, de Castro CMMB. Effect of neonatal malnutrition on expression of nitric oxide synthase enzyme, production of free radicals and in vitro viability of alveolar macrophages infected with methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:403-11. [PMID: 25701093 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effects of neonatal malnutrition on the microbicidal response and viability of in vitro macrophages infected with Staphylococcus aureus sensitive/resistant to methicillin. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were divided into two distinct groups: nourished (rats breast-fed by mothers undergoing diet with 17% casein) and malnourished (rats breast-fed by mothers undergoing diet with 8% casein). Macrophages were recovered after surgical tracheostomy procedure by collecting bronchoalveolar lavage. Four systems were established: negative control, composed only by phagocytes; positive control, macrophages plus lipopolysaccharide; and two test systems, macrophages plus Staphylococcus aureus sensitive and resistant to methicillin. Plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. After this period, tests for the analysis of cell viability and microbicidal response were performed. In the statistical analysis, the Student's t and ANOVA tests were used, accepting p < 0.05. RESULTS The neonatal malnutrition impaired the animals' body weight. There was a lower expression of the inducible nitric oxide enzyme (iNOS), nitric oxide production, and viability of macrophages infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, increased production of superoxide anion in the malnourished group was detected. CONCLUSION Neonatal malnutrition focusing on critical periods of development promoted lower expression of iNOS, nitric oxide production, cell viability, and exacerbated reactive oxygen species production. The high levels of reactive oxygen species may favor the onset of serious and systemic infections with fatal outcome if associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Gomes de Morais
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of São Francisco Valley (UNIVASF), University Campus, Paulo Afonso, BA, 48608-170, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (LIKA-UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Thacianna Barreto da Costa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), University Campus, University Town, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lúcia Farias Pedrosa
- Scientific Initiation of the Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, University Campus, University Town, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Campus UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Milena de Paiva Cavalcanti
- The Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Campus UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria Machado Barbosa de Castro
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, University Campus, University Town, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
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Silva LCND, Alves NMP, Castro MCABD, Pereira VRA, Paz NVND, Coelho LCBB, Figueiredo RCBQD, Correia MTDS. Immunomodulatory effects of pCramoll and rCramoll on peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) infected and non-infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:848-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Cardoso MVDO, de Siqueira LRP, da Silva EB, Costa LB, Hernandes MZ, Rabello MM, Ferreira RS, da Cruz LF, Moreira DRM, Pereira VRA, de Castro MCAB, Bernhardt PV, Leite ACL. 2-Pyridyl thiazoles as novel anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents: structural design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:48-59. [PMID: 25147146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports on the synthesis, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activities and docking studies of a novel series of 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-thiazoles derived from 2-pyridine thiosemicarbazone. The majority of these compounds are potent cruzain inhibitors and showed excellent inhibition on the trypomastigote form of the parasite, and the resulting structure-activity relationships are discussed. Together, these data present a novel series of thiazolyl hydrazones with potential effects against Chagas disease and they could be important leads in continuing development against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elany Barbosa da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bandeira Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Montenegro Rabello
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luana Faria da Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Silva FDO, Santos PDN, Figueirôa EDO, de Melo CML, de Andrade Lemoine Neves JK, Arruda FVS, Cajazeiras JB, do Nascimento KS, Teixeira EH, Cavada BS, Porto ALF, Pereira VRA. Antiproliferative effect of Canavalia brasiliensis lectin on B16F10 cells. Res Vet Sci 2014; 96:276-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Moreira DRM, Lima Leite AC, Cardoso MVO, Srivastava RM, Hernandes MZ, Rabello MM, da Cruz LF, Ferreira RS, de Simone CA, Meira CS, Guimaraes ET, da Silva AC, dos Santos TAR, Pereira VRA, Pereira Soares MB. Structural Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Thiazolidinones with Enhanced Anti-Trypanosoma cruziActivity. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:177-88. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cavalcanti YVN, de Almeida TM, de Almeida AF, Reis LC, Lucena-Silva N, Pereira VRA. Foxp3 expression and nitric oxide production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of communicants with pulmonary tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:79-84. [PMID: 23578109 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune response is of significant relevance to the control of tuberculosis (TB), especially in individuals living with patients with TB. To characterize the nitric oxide (NO) production and the Foxp3 marker expression in this population, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of intradomiciliary contacts of individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis with (CTb, susceptible) and without (STb, resistant) previous history of active infection were stimulated in vitro with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen (TbAg) and with the mitogen Concanavalin A for 24 and 48 h. The groups analysed did not present significant difference in the Foxp3 mRNA expression nor in the NO production. Negative correlation (P = 0.09) between NO and Foxp3 after a 48-h stimulation with TbAg was observed in the STb group. In this group, after a 24-h culture stimulated with TbAg (P = 0.03), this same correlation was observed. In comparison with the cytokines previously studied by our group (Cavalcanti et al., 2009), a positive correlation was observed between IL-10 and Foxp3 after a 48-h culture of cells from communicants susceptible to tuberculosis (STb) stimulated with TbAg (P = 0.04). Evaluating the entire population, a positive correlation was observed between the cytokine TNF-α and the Foxp3 marker in the cultures stimulated for 24 (P = 0.03) and 48 (P = 0.02) hours with TbAg. Therefore, considering the similarity in the exposure and the individual capacity of responding to the contact with M. tuberculosis, the present study contributes to the comprehension of the immune regulation in individuals living with patients with TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V N Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Biologia, Área de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
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40
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de Assis Souza M, de Castro MCAB, de Oliveira AP, de Almeida AF, de Almeida TM, Reis LC, Medeiros ÂCR, de Brito MEF, Pereira VRA. Cytokines and NO in American tegumentary leishmaniasis patients: profiles in active disease, after therapy and in self-healed individuals. Microb Pathog 2013; 57:27-32. [PMID: 23428929 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest the influence of immune response on the successful treatment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), and indicate the existence of protective immunity in self-healed patients. Thus, the aim of this work was to quantify interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-) 10, IL-17, IL-22 and nitric oxide (NO) in culture supernatants of PBMC from patients with active disease (AD), after treatment (AT), and from self-healed (SH) and healthy subjects (CT), in response to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis insoluble antigen (AgIns). All groups of patients produced IFN-γ, indicating a predominant proinflammatory profile. AD and AT patients presented TNF-α levels, with a slight increase after therapy, whereas it was weakly quantified in SH. Interestingly, NO secretion was significant in these individuals, whereas IL-17 appeared in low levels and seems to be regulated by NO. Although IL-22 was detected in AD, its role is still questionable. The presence of IL-10 in all groups of patients suggests that the cytokine plays distinct roles in the disease. These results indicate that specific cellular immunity takes part against Leishmania, but with some similarities between the different clinical states herein described; these mediators seem to be necessary for the cure to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Assis Souza
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil.
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41
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Coriolano MC, de Melo CML, Santos AJG, Pereira VRA, Coelho LCBB. Rachycentron canadum (cobia) lectin promoted mitogenic response in mice BALB/c splenocytes. Scand J Immunol 2013; 76:567-72. [PMID: 22946764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mitogenic lectins are invaluable tools to study the biochemical changes associated with lymphocyte activation and proliferation of various immune cells. Rachycentron canadum lectin (RcaL) was detected and purified from serum of cobia fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proliferative response and cytokine production in splenocytes of mice in vitro stimulated with RcaL lectin; Canavalia ensiformis lectin (Con A) was used as positive control. A high proliferation index was induced by RcaL in relation to control cells. Furthermore, RcaL induced higher IL-2 and IL-6 production in relation to control. The cell viability was 90% in splenocytes treated with RcaL lectin, but RcaL promoted significant late apoptosis after 24 and 48 h in relation to control. RcaL induced proliferative responses suggesting that this lectin can be used as a mitogenic agent in immunostimulatory assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Coriolano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Glicoproteínas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, Brazil
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42
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Moreira DRM, Costa SPM, Hernandes MZ, Rabello MM, de Oliveira Filho GB, de Melo CML, da Rocha LF, de Simone CA, Ferreira RS, Fradico JRB, Meira CS, Guimarães ET, Srivastava RM, Pereira VRA, Soares MBP, Leite ACL. Structural Investigation of Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi 2-Iminothiazolidin-4-ones Allows the Identification of Agents with Efficacy in Infected Mice. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10918-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301518v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Rodrigo Magalhaes Moreira
- Departamento de Química
Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas and da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife,
PE, Brazil
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Salvana Priscylla Manso Costa
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Montenegro Rabello
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Ferreira da Rocha
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,
CEP, 50670-420, Salvador-PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Simone
- Departamento de Física
and Informática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos,
SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica
and
Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cássio Santana Meira
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Elisalva Teixeira Guimarães
- Departamento de Ciências da
Vida, Universidade Estadual da Bahia, CEP
41150-000, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rajendra Mohan Srivastava
- Departamento de Química
Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas and da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia and
Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, CEP 41253-190, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
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43
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de Oliveira AP, de Castro MCAB, de Almeida AF, Souza MDA, de Oliveira BC, Reis LC, Goto H, de Brito MEF, Celeste BJ, Martins-Filho OA, Pereira VRA. Comparison of flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence assay in the diagnosis and cure criterion after therapy of American tegumentary leishmaniasis by anti-live Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis immunoglobulin G. J Immunol Methods 2012; 387:245-53. [PMID: 23142460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the techniques of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and flow cytometry to clinical and laboratorial evaluation of patients before and after clinical cure and to evaluate the applicability of flow cytometry in post-therapeutic monitoring of patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). Sera from 14 patients before treatment (BT), 13 patients 1 year after treatment (AT), 10 patients 2 and 5 years AT were evaluated. The results from flow cytometry were expressed as levels of IgG reactivity, based on the percentage of positive fluorescent parasites (PPFP). The 1:256 sample dilution allowed us to differentiate individuals BT and AT. Comparative analysis of IFA and flow cytometry by ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) showed, respectively, AUC (area under curve)=0.8 (95% CI=0.64-0.89) and AUC=0.90 (95% CI=0.75-0.95), demonstrating that the flow cytometry had equivalent accuracy. Our data demonstrated that 20% was the best cut-off point identified by the ROC curve for the flow cytometry assay. This test showed a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 77% while the IFA had a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 85%. The after-treatment screening, through comparative analysis of the technique performance indexes, 1, 2 and 5 years AT, showed an equal performance of the flow cytometry compared with the IFA. However, flow cytometry shows to be a better diagnostic alternative when applied to the study of ATL in the cure criterion. The information obtained in this work opens perspectives to monitor cure after treatment of ATL.
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Souza MA, Castro MCAB, Oliveira AP, Almeida AF, Reis LC, Silva CJ, Brito MEF, Pereira VRA. American tegumentary leishmaniasis: cytokines and nitric oxide in active disease and after clinical cure, with or without chemotherapy. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76:175-80. [PMID: 22537157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of immune response on the treatment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis is pointed by several authors, and the existence of protective immunity in self-healed patients (SH) is also suggested. Thus, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-) 10, IL-17, IL-22 and nitric oxide (NO) production was determined in PBMC culture supernatants from patients with active disease (AD) and after therapy, SH patients and healthy subjects, in response to the soluble antigen of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. It was demonstrated that, during the active disease, there is a predominance of IFN-γ and TNF-α, indicating a proinflammatory phase of the response; IL-17 is also highlighted at this clinical state. Also, TNF-α was slightly increased in patients after therapy. NO secretion was noticed in SH individuals, while IL-17 appeared in low levels in these patients and seems to be regulated by NO. The presence of IL-10 was observed in all groups of patients. From this study, we can suggest that in the active disease and after clinical cure, with or without chemotherapy, specific cellular immunity takes part against Leishmania, but with some similarities between the clinical states. Thus, it indicates that the mediators herein described are necessary for the cure to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Souza
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Pereira VRA, Reis LDC, Souza MDA, de Oliveira AP, de Brito MEF, Lage PS, Andrade MC, Rocha RDR, Martins-Filho OA. Evaluation of anti-lived and anti-fixed Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigote IgG antibodies detected by flow cytometry for diagnosis and post-therapeutic cure assessment in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 74:292-8. [PMID: 23007034 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate a flow cytometry performance-based methodology to detect anti-live (FC-ALPA-IgG) and anti-fixed (FC-AFPA-IgG) Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigote IgG as a means to monitor post-therapeutic cure of patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). Serum samples from 30 LCL patients infected with L. (V.) braziliensis were assayed, comparing the IgG reactivity before and after specific treatment with pentavalent antimonial. Reactivities were reported as the percentage of positive fluorescent parasites (PPFP), using a PPFP of 60% as a cut-off value. In the serum dilution of 1:1024, the positive percentage of LCL serum sample for FC-ALPA-IgG and FC-AFPA-IgG was 86% and 90%, respectively, before treatment. Analysis of ∆PPFP that represents the difference between PPFP after and before treatment appeared as a new approach to monitor post-therapeutic IgG reactivity in LCL. Our data support the perspective of using FC-ALPA and FC-AFPA as a useful serologic tool for diagnosis and for post-therapeutic follow-up of LCL patients.
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Dos Santos Gomes FO, de Melo CML, Peixoto CA, de Lima MDCA, Galdino SL, Pereira VRA, da Rocha Pitta I. New imidazolidine derivatives as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents: structure-activity relationships. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:2361-6. [PMID: 22941528 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Imidazolidine derivatives are key components for the development of bioactive compounds for the treatment of many diseases, especially Chagas. In fact, others studies showed that the imidazolidine-2,4-dione has stood out by presenting a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including anticonvulsants, antiarrhythmic, and antiparasitic. In the present study, we investigated the morphological alterations induced by imidazolidine derivates LPSF/NN-52 and LPSF/NN-100 on trypomastigotes forms of Trypanosoma cruzi through ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy. Many concentrations were used to measure the antiparasitic propriety promoted by imidazolidine derivatives, and our study indicates that parasites treated with 13 μg mL(-1) of the imidazolidine derivates for 24 h revealed severe damage to the parasite's mitochondrial complex. Beyond that, also observed in treated parasites were the following: myelin bodies, enlargement of cytoplasm vacuole, fragmentation of endoplasmic reticulum, and some treated samples clearly showed signs of necrosis. To confirm the ultrastructural results, some assays were performed for knowledge cellular death induction promoted by imidazolidine derivates against immune spleen cells. The induction of the necrotic process through derivatives LPSF/NN-52 and LPSF/NN-100 showed similar results in relation to nifurtimox and benznidazole. In the last assays, it was demonstrated that NN-100 was efficient against epimastigotes and trypomastigotes forms and these results reinforce the mechanisms of action of both new imidazolidine derivatives against T. cruzi.
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47
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Brelaz MCA, de Oliveira AP, de Almeida AF, de Assis Souza M, Medeiros ÂCR, de Brito MEF, Pereira VRA. Antigenic fractions of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: the immune response characterization of patients at the initial phase of disease. Parasite Immunol 2012; 34:236-9. [PMID: 22394223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has different clinical manifestations and these manifestations are dependent on the immunological status of the host. As CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and their mediators play a fundamental role in the host response to Leishmania and there is also a search for antigenic molecules to be used as future vaccines and tools for prognostic tests, this study characterized ACL patients' immune response after stimulation with soluble and insoluble fractions of L. (V.) braziliensis. We demonstrated a prevailing production of the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10 and a specific production of IFN-γ and TNF-α in patients before treatment. There was also a predominance of CD4(+) T cells and a small percentage CD8(+) T cells. The insoluble antigenic fraction primarily stimulated CD4(+) T cells, while the soluble antigenic fraction showed a mixed profile, with CD4(+) T cells being the main responsible for Th2 cytokines and CD8(+) T cells for Th1 cytokines. Therefore, our results showed that a down-modulation of the Th1 type of response occurs in the initial phase of L. braziliensis disease, being the antigenic fractions capable of stimulating a specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C A Brelaz
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, PE, Brasil
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48
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Brelaz MCA, de Oliveira AP, de Almeida AF, de Assis Souza M, Medeiros ÂCR, de Brito MEF, Pereira VRA. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis antigenic fractions: the immune response characterization of patients at the initial phase of disease. Parasite Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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da Silva CDC, Coriolano MC, da Silva Lino MA, de Melo CML, de Souza Bezerra R, de Carvalho EVMM, Dos Santos AJG, Pereira VRA, Coelho LCBB. Purification and characterization of a mannose recognition lectin from Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia fish): cytokine production in mice splenocytes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:424-35. [PMID: 22081327 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to purify and partially characterize a mannose recognition lectin from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) serum, named OniL. OniL was isolated through precipitation with ammonium sulfate and affinity chromatography (Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B). In addition, we evaluated carbohydrate specificity, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles, and in vitro immunomodulatory activity on mice splenocyte experimental cultures through cytotoxic assays and cytokine production. The ammonium sulfate fraction F2 showed the highest specific hemagglutinating activity (331) and was applied to affinity matrix. Adsorbed proteins (OniL) were eluted with methyl-α-D: -mannopyranoside. OniL, a 17-kDa protein by SDS-PAGE constituted by subunits of 11 and 6.6 kDa, showed highest affinity for methyl-α-D: -mannopyranoside and D: -mannose. Immunological assays, in vitro, showed that OniL did not show cytotoxicity against splenocytes, induced higher IFN-γ production and lower IL-10 as well as nitrite release. In conclusion, OniL lectin was successfully purified and showed a preferential Th1 response in mice splenocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynarha Daysy Cardoso da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- KPO Luna
- University of Paraíba, Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
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