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Cox Holanda de Barros Dias M, Souza Barbalho M, Bezerra de Oliveira Filho G, Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso M, Lima Leite AC, da Silva Santos AC, Cristovão Silva AC, Accioly Brelaz de Castro MC, Maria Nascimento Moura D, Gomes Rebello Ferreira LF, Zaldini Hernandes M, de Freitas E Silva R, Rêgo Alves Pereira V. 1,3-Thiazole derivatives as privileged structures for anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity: Rational design, synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115508. [PMID: 37267753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a deadly and centenary neglected disease that is recently surging as a potential global threat. Approximately 30% of infected individuals develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy and current treatment with the reference benznidazole (BZN) is ineffective for this stage. We presently report the structural planning, synthesis, characterization, molecular docking prediction, cytotoxicity, in vitro bioactivity and mechanistic studies on the anti-T. cruzi activity of a series of 16 novel 1,3-thiazoles (2-17) derived from thiosemicarbazones (1a, 1b) in a two-step and reproducible Hantzsch-based synthesis approach. The anti-T. cruzi activity was evaluated in vitro against the epimastigote, amastigote and trypomastigote forms of the parasite. In the bioactivity assays, all thiazoles were more potent than BZN against epimastigotes. We found that the compounds presented an overall increased anti-tripomastigote selectivity (Cpd 8 was 24-fold more selective) than BZN, and they mostly presented anti-amastigote activity at very low doses (from 3.65 μM, cpd 15). Mechanistic studies on cell death suggested that the series of 1,3-thiazole compounds herein reported cause parasite cell death through apoptosis, but without compromising the mitochondrial membrane potential. In silico prediction of physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters showed promising drug-like results, being all the reported compounds in compliance with Lipinski and Veber rules. In summary, our work contributes towards a more rational design of potent and selective antitripanosomal drugs, using affordable methodology to yield industrially viable drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabilly Cox Holanda de Barros Dias
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Souza Barbalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670- 420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Felipe Gomes Rebello Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Kariuki BM, Abdel-Wahab BF, Mohamed HA, Bekheit MS, El-Hiti GA. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 2-(1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazoles and 2-(4,5-Dihydro-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-(1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)thiazoles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248904. [PMID: 36558037 PMCID: PMC9786072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of 1-(5-methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-ones and benzaldehydes in ethanol under basic conditions gave the corresponding chalcones. Reactions of the chalcones combined with thiosemicarbazide in dry ethanol containing sodium hydroxide afforded the corresponding pyrazolin-N-thioamides. Reactions of the synthesized pyrazolin-N-thioamides and several ketones (namely, ethyl 2-chloro-3-oxobutanoate, 2-bromoacetylbenzofuran, and hydrazonoyl chloride) gave the corresponding novel 2-(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazoles in high yields (77-90%). Additionally, 2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)thiazoles were obtained in high yields (84-87%) from reactions with N-pyrazoline-thioamides and 4-bromoacetyl-1,2,3-triazoles under basic conditions. The structures of six of the newly synthesized heterocycles were confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson M. Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
- Correspondence: (B.M.K.); (G.A.E.-H.); Tel.: +44-29-2087-0401 (B.M.K.); +966-1-1469-3778 (G.A.E.-H.); Fax: +966-1-1469-3536 (G.A.E.-H.)
| | - Bakr F. Abdel-Wahab
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Mohamed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (B.M.K.); (G.A.E.-H.); Tel.: +44-29-2087-0401 (B.M.K.); +966-1-1469-3778 (G.A.E.-H.); Fax: +966-1-1469-3536 (G.A.E.-H.)
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Haroon M, Akhtar T, Khalid M, Ali S, Zahra S, Ul Haq I, Alhujaily M, C H de B Dias M, Cristina Lima Leite A, Muhammad S. Synthesis, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral docking studies of ethyl 2-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 76:467-480. [PMID: 33901389 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of ethyl 2-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates (2a-r) was synthesized in two steps from thiosemicarbazones (1a-r), which were cyclized with ethyl bromopyruvate to ethyl 2-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates (2a-r). The structures of compounds (2a-r) were established by FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The structure of compound 2a was confirmed by HRMS. The compounds (2a-r) were then evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant assays. The antioxidant studies revealed, ethyl 2-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylate (2g) and ethyl 2-(2-(1-phenylethylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylate (2h) as promising antioxidant agents with %FRSA: 84.46 ± 0.13 and 74.50 ± 0.37, TAC: 269.08 ± 0.92 and 269.11 ± 0.61 and TRP: 272.34 ± 0.87 and 231.11 ± 0.67 μg AAE/mg dry weight of compound. Beside bioactivities, density functional theory (DFT) methods were used to study the electronic structure and properties of synthesized compounds (2a-m). The potential of synthesized compounds for possible antiviral targets is also predicted through molecular docking methods. The compounds 2e and 2h showed good binding affinities and inhibition constants to be considered as therapeutic target for Mpro protein of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). The present in-depth analysis of synthesized compounds will put them under the spot light for practical applications as antioxidants and the modification in structural motif may open the way for COVID-19 drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haroon
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), 10250Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Tashfeen Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), 10250Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Shehbaz Ali
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saniya Zahra
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhanad Alhujaily
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, P.O. Box 551Saudi Arabia
| | - Mabilly C H de B Dias
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia
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Dos Santos TA, da Silva AC, Silva EB, Gomes PA, Espíndola JW, Cardoso MV, Moreira DR, Leite AC, Pereira VR. Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of thiosemicarbazones and 1,3-Thiazoles in Jurkat and HT-29 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:555-60. [PMID: 27470396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a high incidence and mortality disease, causing around 8.2 million of deaths in the last year. Current chemotherapy needs to be expanded, making research for new drugs a necessary task. Immune system modulation is an emerging concept in cancer cell proliferation control. In fact, there are a number of mechanisms underlying the role immune system plays in tumor cells. In this work, we describe the structural design, synthesis, antitumor and immunomodulatory potential of 31 new 1,3-thiazole and thiosemicarbazone compounds. Cisplatin was used as anticancer drug control. Cytotoxicity against J774A.1 macrophages and antitumor activity against HT-29 and Jurkat cells was determined. These 1,3-thiazole and thiosemicarbazone compounds not only exhibited cytotoxicity in cancer cells, but were able to cause irreversible cancer cell damage by inducing necrosis and apoptosis. In addition, these compounds, especially pyridyl-thiazoles compounds, regulated immune factors such as interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor, possible by directing immune system in favor of modulating cancer cell proliferation. By examining their pharmacological activity, we were able to identify new potent and selective anticancer compounds.
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