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Davila-Barboza J, Villanueva-Segura OK, Lopez-Monroy B, Ponce-Garcia G, Bobadilla-Utrera C, Montes-Rincon M, Molina-Garza ZJ, Arredondo-Jimenez JI, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Manrique-Saide PC, Flores AE. Novel Kdr mutations (K964R and A943V) in pyrethroid-resistant populations of Triatoma mazzottii and Triatoma longipennis from Mexico and detoxifying enzymes. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:809-820. [PMID: 29611294 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although having five different ways of transmission the vector-borne is the principal way of transmission of Chagas disease, which involves insects of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Nineteen of the 31 species that occur in Mexico are associated with humans, and all are capable of transmitting the disease. Pyrethroids are the insecticides recommended for the control of these vectors in Mexico. We determined the susceptibility to the pyrethroids deltamethrin and permethrin of peridomestic populations of Triatoma mazzottii Usinger and two populations of Triatoma longipennis Usinger in comparison with a reference strain for each species. Bioassays were performed for the determination of the LD50 for both field populations and reference strains. A maximum of 27 fold resistance to deltamethrin was observed in T. mazzottii, meanwhile, for permethrin, T. longipennis from Jalisco show the highest value of 3.19 fold. There was significantly increased activity of esterases in field populations in comparison with their corresponding reference strain. The results of the search of kdr mutations related to the resistance to deltamethrin and permethrin in the evaluated species show the presence of mutations in the field populations, as is the case with individuals of T. mazzottii, for which the mutation was found A943V, and for the two populations of T. longipennis included in this study, we report the presence of the kdr mutation K964R. Evaluation of the various mechanisms involved in resistance to pyrethroids in triatomines from Mexico could guide us to the real justification for insecticide resistance monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Davila-Barboza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - O Karina Villanueva-Segura
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Lopez-Monroy
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ponce-Garcia
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | | | - Mayela Montes-Rincon
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Zinnia J Molina-Garza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Juan I Arredondo-Jimenez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Pablo C Manrique-Saide
- Campus de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
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Pessoa GCD, Rosa ACL, Bedin C, Wilhelms T, Mello FD, Coutinho HS, Fonseca EOL, dos Santos RF, Diotaiuti L. Susceptibility characterization of residual Brazilian populations of Triatoma infestans Klug, 1834 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to deltamethrin pyrethroid. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 48:157-61. [PMID: 25992929 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0011-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite years of efforts towards the elimination of Triatoma infestans in Brazil, residual foci still persist in some areas of the States of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. The persistence of these T. infestans populations in the country has two different origins of equal concern: operational failures or insecticide resistance. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the susceptibility profile of the residual Brazilian populations of T. infestans to deltamethrin. METHODS The susceptibility reference lineage was derived from Cipein/Argentina. The populations studied were manually collected using a dislodging agent in peridomiciles in the States of Bahia (Novo Horizonte) and of Rio Grande do Sul (Santa Rosa and Doutor Maurício Cardoso). Serial dilutions of deltamethrin were prepared and applied at the dorsal abdomen of first instar nymphs. The control group received only pure acetone. Mortality was evaluated after 72h. Qualitative tests assessed the mortality of a diagnostic dose of 1xLD99 (2.76ng a.i./nymph) determined for the susceptibility reference lineage. RESULTS The susceptibility profile characterization of the T. infestans populations revealed an RR50 ranging from 1.73 to 3.26. The mortality percentage in response to a diagnostic dose was 100%. The results obtained in the quantitative and qualitative assays corresponded for all populations. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that the persistence of residual foci of T. infestans in Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul is not related to insecticide resistance but may be associated with operational failures. In Rio Grande do Sul, we must consider the possibility of continuous reinfestation by Argentinian individuals, which justifies active and efficient epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grasielle Caldas D'avila Pessoa
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristine Luiz Rosa
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cleonara Bedin
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Pesquisas Biológicas, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tânia Wilhelms
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Pesquisas Biológicas, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Mello
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Pesquisas Biológicas, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Helder Silveira Coutinho
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Bahia, Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Secretaria de Saúde da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Oyama Lins Fonseca
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Bahia, Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Secretaria de Saúde da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fonseca dos Santos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Bahia, Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Secretaria de Saúde da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pessoa GCD, Vinãs PA, Rosa ACL, Diotaiuti L. History of insecticide resistance of Triatominae vectors. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 48:380-9. [PMID: 26312926 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0081-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, different types of Triatominae resistance to different insecticides have been reported; thus, resistance may be more widespread than known, requiring better characterization and delimitation, which was the aim of this review. This review was structured on a literature search of all articles from 1970 to 2015 in the PubMed database that contained the keywords Insecticide resistance and Triatominae . Out of 295 articles screened by title, 33 texts were selected for detailed analysis. Insecticide resistance of Triatomines is a complex phenomenon that has been primarily reported in Argentina and Bolivia, and is caused by different factors (associated or isolated). Insecticide resistance of Triatominae is a characteristic inherited in an autosomal and semi-dominant manner, and is polygenic, being present in both domestic and sylvatic populations. The toxicological profile observed in eggs cannot be transposed to different stages of evolution. Different toxicological profiles exist at macro- and microgeographical levels. The insecticide phenotype has both reproductive and developmental costs. Different physiological mechanisms are involved in resistance. Studies of Triatomine resistance to insecticides highlight three deficiencies in interpreting the obtained results: I) the vast diversity of methodologies, despite the existence of a single guiding protocol; II) the lack of information on the actual impact of resistance ratios in the field; and III) the concept of the susceptibility reference lineage. Research on the biological and behavioral characteristics of each Triatominae species that has evolved resistance is required in relation to the environmental conditions of each region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grasielle Caldas Dávila Pessoa
- Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BR
| | | | - Aline Cristine Luiz Rosa
- Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BR
| | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BR
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Insecticide resistance in vector Chagas disease: evolution, mechanisms and management. Acta Trop 2015; 149:70-85. [PMID: 26003952 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a chronic parasitic infection restricted to America. The disease is caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to human through the feces of infected triatomine insects. Because no treatment is available for the chronic forms of the disease, vector chemical control represents the best way to reduce the incidence of the disease. Chemical control has been based principally on spraying dwellings with insecticide formulations and led to the reduction of triatomine distribution and consequent interruption of disease transmission in several areas from endemic region. However, in the last decade it has been repeatedly reported the presence triatomnes, mainly Triatoma infestans, after spraying with pyrethroid insecticides, which was associated to evolution to insecticide resistance. In this paper the evolution of insecticide resistance in triatomines is reviewed. The insecticide resistance was detected in 1970s in Rhodnius prolixus and 1990s in R. prolixus and T. infestans, but not until the 2000s resistance to pyrthroids in T. infestans associated to control failures was described in Argentina and Bolivia. The main resistance mechanisms (i.e. enhanced metabolism, altered site of action and reduced penetration) were described in the T. infestans resistant to pyrethrods. Different resistant profiles were demonstrated suggesting independent origin of the different resistant foci of Argentina and Bolivia. The deltamethrin resistance in T. infestans was showed to be controlled by semi-dominant, autosomally inherited factors. Reproductive and developmental costs were also demonstrated for the resistant T. infestans. A discussion about resistance and tolerance concepts and the persistence of T. infestans in Gran Chaco region are presented. In addition, theoretical concepts related to toxicological, evolutionary and ecological aspects of insecticide resistance are discussed in order to understand the particular scenario of pyrethroid resistance in triatomines.
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Pessoa GCD, Obara MT, Rezende JG, de Mello BV, Ferraz ML, Diotaiuti L. Deltamethrin toxicological profile of peridomestic Triatoma sordida in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:263. [PMID: 25952153 PMCID: PMC4432949 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In general, there was a large reduction in the occurrence of cases of Chagas disease in the last decades in Brazil. However, despite all of these efforts, there have been various reports of persistent reinfestations of T. sordida in a large part of the state of Minas Gerais, for reasons still little investigated. Thus, this purpose of this study was to characterize the deltamethrin susceptibility profile of peridomestic T. sordida populations from North of Minas Gerais – Brazil. Methods Susceptibility to deltamethrin was assessed in seventeen peridomestic populations of T. sordida from North region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Serial dilutions of deltamethrin in acetone (0.2 μL) were topically applied in first instar nymphs (F1, five days old, fasting, weight 1.2 ± 0.2 mg). Dose response results were analyzed with POLO program, determining the lethal doses, slope and resistance ratios (RR). Results Susceptibility profile characterization of T. sordida populations revealed resistance ratios (RR50) ranging from 2.50 to 7.08. Conclusions In fact, we know very little about the real impact of the resistance ratios obtained in the laboratory bioassays on the effectiveness of the vector control activities in the field. Thus, we prefer to refer to the populations with RR > 5 as populations with altered susceptibility. For these populations, the realization of laboratory and field trials, simultaneous and complementary, permitting the evaluation of both, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grasielle Caldas Dávila Pessoa
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas/CPqRR/FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 29190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Takashi Obara
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - João G Rezende
- Gerência Regional de Saúde de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas/CPqRR/FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 29190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Pessoa GCD, Pinheiro LC, Ferraz ML, de Mello BV, Diotaiuti L. Standardization of laboratory bioassays for the study of Triatoma sordida susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:109. [PMID: 25880745 PMCID: PMC4349461 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing reports of high-resistant Triatominae populations concerns scientists and sanitarians as little is known about the factors behind the occurrence of such phenotype and its real impact on vector control strategies. Moreover, the utilization of a large variety of methodologies hinder the comparison of the reported studies. METHODS This work aims to review laboratory bioassays, redefining the assessed biological features (age, generation and insecticide application area) and technical procedures (mortality recording time and the ideal diagnostic dose). RESULTS Results were not influenced by the insecticide application area in nymphs or by their generation. Three days-old specimen's revealed lower susceptibility to the tested insecticide. We determined that it is more appropriate to record mortality 72 h after treatment with insecticide, as well as using a diagnostic dose of 1xDL₉₉. CONCLUSION This work suggests more adequate methodological parameters for assessing insecticide resistance in triatomines, which also allows the comparison of results obtained by different research groups. For laboratory bioassays, we recommend: 1) the use of first instar nymphs from first or second generation; 2) 3 day-old specimens; 2) application of insecticide in the dorsal or ventral abdomen area; 3) mortality recording 72 h after treatment with pyrethroids and 4) a diagnostic dose of 1x LD₉₉.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grasielle Caldas D'Ávila Pessoa
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, Av Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 30190-002, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Cavalari Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, Av Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 30190-002, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Lencine Ferraz
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Minas Gerais, Rodovia Prefeito Américo Gianetti, s/n., 0 - Serra Verde, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.630-901, Brazil.
| | - Bernardino Vaz de Mello
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Minas Gerais, Rodovia Prefeito Américo Gianetti, s/n., 0 - Serra Verde, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.630-901, Brazil.
| | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, Av Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 30190-002, Brazil.
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Depickère S, Buitrago R, Siñani E, Baune M, Monje M, Lopez R, Waleckx E, Chavez T, Brenière SF. Susceptibility and resistance to deltamethrin of wild and domestic populations of Triatoma infestans (Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Bolivia: new discoveries. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107:1042-7. [PMID: 23295756 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000800013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bolivia is a high-endemic country for Chagas disease, for which the principal vector is Triatoma infestans (Triatominae). This is a mainly domestic species that is also found in the wild environment. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown the importance of Triatominae resistance to insecticides, especially in Bolivia. Data regarding the susceptibility/resistance of wild and domestic populations of T. infestans to deltamethrin are presented. For the first time, domestic populations of the department of Santa Cruz were tested, showing low resistance. Although most of the wild populations were found to be susceptible to deltamethrin, three populations from three departments showed a mortality rate of less than 100%. This result is emphasised here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Depickère
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle, Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 5290, Institut de Recherche pour Développement 224, Representation in Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia.
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Squires G, Pous J, Agirre J, Rozas-Dennis GS, Costabel MD, Marti GA, Navaza J, Bressanelli S, Guérin DMA, Rey FA. Structure of the Triatoma virus capsid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:1026-37. [PMID: 23695247 PMCID: PMC3663122 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913004617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The members of the Dicistroviridae family are non-enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses pathogenic to beneficial arthropods as well as insect pests of medical importance. Triatoma virus (TrV), a member of this family, infects several species of triatomine insects (popularly named kissing bugs), which are vectors for human trypanosomiasis, more commonly known as Chagas disease. The potential use of dicistroviruses as biological control agents has drawn considerable attention in the past decade, and several viruses of this family have been identified, with their targets covering honey bees, aphids and field crickets, among others. Here, the crystal structure of the TrV capsid at 2.5 Å resolution is reported, showing that as expected it is very similar to that of Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV). Nevertheless, a number of distinguishing structural features support the introduction of a new genus (Triatovirus; type species TrV) under the Dicistroviridae family. The most striking differences are the absence of icosahedrally ordered VP4 within the infectious particle and the presence of prominent projections that surround the fivefold axis. Furthermore, the structure identifies a second putative autoproteolytic DDF motif in protein VP3, in addition to the conserved one in VP1 which is believed to be responsible for VP0 cleavage during capsid maturation. The potential meaning of these new findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Squires
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Joan Pous
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Jon Agirre
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (FBB), Spain
- Unidad de Biofísica (UBF, CSIC, UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gabriela S. Rozas-Dennis
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, U.N.S., San Juan 670, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Física, Grupo de Biofísica, U.N.S., Avenida Alem 1253, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcelo D. Costabel
- Departamento de Física, Grupo de Biofísica, U.N.S., Avenida Alem 1253, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gerardo A. Marti
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CCT, La Plata, CONICET-UNLP), Calle 2 No. 584, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jorge Navaza
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Stéphane Bressanelli
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Diego M. A. Guérin
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (FBB), Spain
- Unidad de Biofísica (UBF, CSIC, UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Felix A. Rey
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
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Obara MT, Otrera VCG, Gonçalves RG, Santos JPD, Santalucia M, Rosa JAD, Almeida PSD, Barata JMS. Monitoramento da suscetibilidade de populações de Triatoma sordida Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) ao inseticida deltametrina, na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44:206-12. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011005000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: Populações de Triatoma sordida Stål, 1859 foram investigadas quanto à suscetibilidade à deltametrina. MÉTODOS: Análise por meio de bioensaios por aplicação tópica em 11 populações de T. sordida procedentes dos Estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul. RESULTADOS: As estimativas de DL50 e RR50 demonstraram elevados níveis de suscetibilidade (DL50 < 1 e RR50 < 2). Entretanto, as análises do coeficiente angular da curva dose resposta revelaram que as populações de triatomíneos dos municípios de Firminópolis/GO, Posse/GO, Poxoréu/MT, Douradina/MS e Aparecida do Taboado/MS apresentam maiores probabilidades de evolução de resistência, portanto, mais propícias a tolerar o tratamento com deltametrina. CONCLUSÕES: Detectaram-se pequenas alterações de suscetibilidade e baixos níveis de resistência, porém as alterações temporais de suscetibilidade deverão ser continuamente monitoradas, a fim de nortear adequadamente as ações de controle dos vetores da DC.
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Alarico AG, Romero N, Hernández L, Catalá S, Gorla D. Residual effect of a micro-encapsulated formulation of organophosphates and piriproxifen on the mortality of deltamethrin resistant Triatoma infestans populations in rural houses of the Bolivian Chaco region. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 105:752-6. [PMID: 20944988 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bolivian Chaco is part of the endemic region of Chagas disease and an area where pyrethroid resistant Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) populations has been reported. The World Health Organization identified these resistant populations as an important focus for research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of a micro-encapsulated formulation containing organophosphate active ingredients and a juvenile hormone analogue (Inesfly 5A IGR) on the mortality of T. infestans. Studies took place in rural houses of the Bolivian Chaco that were treated up to 34 months before and evaluated the susceptibility to pyrethroids of the offspring of field collected insects. Thirty houses were randomly selected within three communities to carry out wall bio-assays with T. infestans nymphs. Mortality was recorded 24, 48 and 72 h after wall contact. Eggs laid by females collected in the area were used to obtain first-instar nymphs and carry out pyrethroid susceptibility tests. The wall bio-assays showed that the micro-encapsulated insecticide eliminates T. infestans populations and produces detectable mortality of insects exposed to walls treated 34 months prior to the tests. The discriminant dose of deltamethrin (0.01 mg/mL) showed 65% nymph survival, whereas at the highest tested dose (1.0 mg/mL) 14% of the nymphs survived. These results show that Inesfly 5A IGR is an appropriate tool for the elimination of intradomestic and peridomestic populations of T. infestans resistant to pyrethroids.
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Dujardin JC, Herrera S, do Rosario V, Arevalo J, Boelaert M, Carrasco HJ, Correa-Oliveira R, Garcia L, Gotuzzo E, Gyorkos TW, Kalergis AM, Kouri G, Larraga V, Lutumba P, Macias Garcia MA, Manrique-Saide PC, Modabber F, Nieto A, Pluschke G, Robello C, Rojas de Arias A, Rumbo M, Santos Preciado JI, Sundar S, Torres J, Torrico F, Van der Stuyft P, Victoir K, Olesen OF. Research priorities for neglected infectious diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean region. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e780. [PMID: 21049009 PMCID: PMC2964298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Sonoda IV, Dias LS, Bezerra CM, Dias JCP, Romanha AJ, Diotaiuti L. Susceptibility of Triatoma brasiliensis from state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil, to the pyrethroid deltamethrin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:348-52. [PMID: 20512253 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
After controlling Triatoma infestans in Brazil, other species of triatomine that were considered minor in the transmission of Chagas disease became important. The persistence of Triatoma brasiliensis in Northeastern Brazil, associated with reinfection of domestic environments recently sprayed with pyrethroids, may be a signal of susceptibility alteration of this species to this insecticide. Specimens of T. brasiliensis from the municipality of Tauá, state of Ceará, were captured before and one year after spraying. They were submitted to bioassays using deltamethrin. The LD50 ranged from 0.19-0.33 ng of deltamethrin/nymph. The resistance ratio among samples from Tauá varied from 1.16-1.79 in the samples captured before the spraying and 1.00-1.74 in the samples captured one year after spraying, demonstrating that the two populations were equally susceptible to deltamethrin. The small difference in susceptibility between the two captures suggests that T. brasiliensis obtained in the second capture are from new invasions of the domestic environment and that the insecticide did not select resistant individuals. Therefore, it is suggested that T. brasiliensis control be carried out supplementing the regular use of pyrethroids with complementary measures, such as improvement of the dwellings and health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vieira Sonoda
- Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
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Lardeux F, Depickère S, Duchon S, Chavez T. Insecticide resistance of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) vector of Chagas disease in Bolivia. Trop Med Int Health 2010; 15:1037-48. [PMID: 20545921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the insecticide resistance status of Triatoma infestans to deltamethrin (pyrethroid), malathion (organophosphate) and bendiocarb (carbamate) in Bolivia. METHODS Fifty populations of T. infestans were sampled in Bolivian human dwellings. Quantal response data were obtained by topical applications of 0.2 μl of insecticide-acetone solutions on nymphs N1 of the F1 generations. For most populations, dose-mortality relationships and resistance ratios (RR) were analysed. Discriminating concentrations were established for each insecticide with a susceptible reference strain and used on the other field populations. A tarsal-contact diagnostic test using insecticide impregnated papers was designed to rapidly identify deltamethrin-resistant populations in the field. RESULTS Discriminating concentrations for topical applications were 5, 70 and 120 ng active ingredient per insect for deltamethrin, bendiocarb and malathion, respectively. The diagnostic concentration for deltamethrin was 0.30% for the 1-h exposure by tarsal contact. All populations sampled in human dwellings exhibited significant levels of resistance to deltamethrin, from 6 to 491 and varied among regions. Resistant populations did not recover complete susceptibility to deltamethrin when the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was used. None of the sampled populations exhibited significant resistance to bendiocarb (all RR(50) < 1.8) or malathion (all RR(50) < 2.2). CONCLUSION In Bolivia, most 'domestic' T. infestans populations are resistant to deltamethrin. Because insecticide vector control is the only selection pressure, resistance likely originates from it. Switching from pyrethroids to organophosphates or carbamates could be a short-term solution to control this vector, but other alternative integrated control strategies should also be considered in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Lardeux
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France.
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