O cuidado em saúde mental na atualidade

Factors associated with the hospitalization of users referred from primary health care to follow-up in Psychosocial Care Centers in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

This study evaluated factors associated with hospitalization related to the mental health of people undergoing follow-up in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS, in Portuguese) in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, referred from Primary Health Care (PHC). This was an evaluative study conducted with 297 individuals in 24 adult CAPS. This study analyzed the prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), obtained through Poisson Regression with robust variance. A statistically significant association was found with hospitalization during follow-ups in CAPS: having health insurance and/or medical plan; waiting time between the diagnosis and the first consultation with a non-medical professional of more than seven days; not having received medical advice regarding how long to use medication; not having received a psychopharmaceutical prescription at PHC; and having a medical history of the hospitalization due to mental health. The results warn of the need to expand access to the more socially vulnerable population, in addition to a restructuring of the services in order to provide more interactive and inclusive practices geared toward the singularities of the users.

Family environment and depressive episode are associated with relapse after first-episode psychosis

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Relapse rates are high among patients who have experienced first-episode psychosis (FEP). Psychotic relapses are associated with worse quality of life and poorer functionality of the FEP patient. The use of psychoactive substances, non-adherence to drug treatment, and high expressed emotion (EE) are notable predictors of relapse after the FEP. Although some studies have suggested that psychotic relapse may be associated with a family environment with high levels of emotional over-involvement (EOI), this finding is still inconsistent across different cultures. EE specific components must be evaluated and interpreted according to the context of cultural norms. There is a scarcity of studies on the role of depression in the occurrence of relapses after the FEP, and the results remain uncertain. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study explored the predictors of psychotic relapses in Brazilian patients who experienced FEP. Our results indicate that 29.2% of the patients relapsed after the FEP. Patients diagnosed with depression and high-EOI in the family environment were predictors of psychotic relapses in this population. This study expands knowledge about the cultural specificity of EOI and the role of depression in psychotic relapse. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Nursing professionals must consider the implications of the family environment and depression in the course of psychosis. Family interventions and the appropriate treatment of depression are important for improving the prognosis of FEP patients. ABSTRACT: Introduction Psychotic relapse may be associated with relatives' high emotional over-involvement (EOI) and with a diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE) among first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, but the results are still inconsistent across different cultures. Aim Evaluate the predictors of relapse in FEP patients. Method Prospective cohort study with 6-month follow-up conducted with 65 dyads of patients and relatives from an early intervention unit in Brazil. At the baseline interview, relatives answered to a sociodemographic data form and to the Family Questionnaire. Patients provided sociodemographic and clinical data and answered the Measurement of Treatment Adherence; the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test; the Severity of Dependence Scale to assess cannabis dependence, and the MDE module of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Psychotic relapses were evaluated using items from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. The data were analysed using multiple logistic regression. Results 29.2% of the patients presented at least one psychotic relapse. High-EOI and MDE were predictors of psychotic relapses. Discussion Our findings expand the knowledge about the cultural specificity of EOI and the role of depression in psychotic relapse. Implications for practice Family nursing interventions and the appropriate treatment of MDE must be considered in the care of FEP patients.

Oficina musical participativa para o Bem-Estar Subjetivo e Psicológico de usuários em internação psiquiátrica

Resumo Objetivo identificar as contribuições de uma intervenção musical participativa sobre o Bem-Estar Psicológico e Subjetivo na assistência da enfermagem de usuários com transtorno mental grave e persistente durante a internação. Método pesquisa quase-experimental, do tipo antes e depois, realizada em uma instituição hospitalar do estado de São Paulo. Dez usuários em internação psiquiátrica participaram das quatro oficinas musicais. O repertório atendeu às suas preferências e foram distribuídos instrumentos musicais para promover a participação. Aplicou-se a escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico e dos Afetos Positivos e Negativos ao início e ao término de cada oficina. Os dados foram analisados considerando Intervalo de Confiança de 95%. Resultados não foram identificadas diferenças estatísticas entre os valores encontrados antes e depois das oficinas musicais para as variáveis do Bem-Estar e Afetos Positivos e Negativos. Os desfechos do Bem-Estar Subjetivo foram mais lineares quando comparados ao Bem-Estar Psicológico, observando-se aumento nos afetos positivos e diminuição dos afetos negativos. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a oficina musical participativa favorece o bem-estar subjetivo de usuários com transtornos mentais graves e persistentes. Essa intervenção correspondeu a uma tecnologia leve potencial para a enfermagem atuar de modo autônomo e qualificado no cuidado psicoemocional do usuário na internação psiquiátrica.

Predictors of Expressed Emotion in First Episode Psychosis

This article evaluated the predictors of EE and its components, EOI and CC, in relatives of first episode psychosis patients (FEP) in Brazil. Cross-sectional observational study conducted with 82 dyads of FEP patients and their relatives. Data collection instruments: sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire, Family Questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Logistic and linear regression models were used. Our results indicate that patient's age, relative's sex, daily time spent together, and family burden were predictors of EE and its components. Our findings may be helpful in planning nursing interventions to reduce EE and prevent psychotic relapses.

Family burden among caregivers of people with mental disorders: an analysis of health services

The objective of this study was to analyze the objective and subjective levels of burden felt by family caregivers of patients who were treated at three institutions: a General Psychosocial Care Center (known as 'CAPS Geral'), a CAPS center for Alcohol and Drugs ('CAPS AD') and the Psychiatric Admissions Unit of a General Hospital ('UIPHG') in the municipality of Sobral, Ceara State, Brazil. The study included 385 caregivers, 216 of whom were in the CAPS Geral, 86 in the CAPS AD and 83 in the UPHG, and applied the Family Burden Interview Scale (FBIS-BR). Excel and SPSS were used to organize and analyze the data, and a 5% significance level was applied. The results show that the general objective burden was greater for caregivers at the UIPHG. This group was also found to bear a greater objective burden with regard to caring in day-to-day life. The analysis of the subjective sub-scales showed that caregivers from the UIPHG group were most troubled by supervising problematic behaviors and also by the future and patient's type of care and medical treatment. Variables including sex and age were associated with burden.

The understanding of nurses who work in mental health regarding compulsory and involuntary hospitalization

Abstract Objective: To analyze the understanding of nurses working in the mental health services regarding compulsory and involuntary hospitalization referred to in the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform Law. Methodology: Qualitative research, with eight nurses from the mental health services. Data collection took place through an open interview, analyzed using Bardin's content analysis. Results: The nurses understand that when psychiatric hospitalization is recommended, the service user must be evaluated in the social and family context. They consider that both forms of hospitalization can cause distress and anxiety to the service user, due to this person finding herself in a place against her will. Conclusion: This study contributes to reflection regarding psychiatric hospitalization as a resource which must be used in specific situations. The success of community-based services is linked to a non-fragmented mental health service for effective implementation of the reorganization of psychiatric care.