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Riyadi SA, Naini AA, Supratman U. Sesquiterpenoids from Meliaceae Family and Their Biological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:4874. [PMID: 37375428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoids, an important class of natural products possessing three isoprene-derived units, are widely distributed across plants and have a variety of biological activities. All sesquiterpenoids are derived from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), a biosynthesis precursor that can form various carbon skeletons. In order to provide a reference for further research and development of these compounds, this review focused on the increasing number of isolated and volatile sesquiterpenoids found to be produced by plants of the Meliaceae family between 1968 and 2023. The related articles were collected from SciFinder, Google Scholar, and PubMed. According to a literature review, several studies were started for more than 55 years on the plant's stem barks, twigs, leaves, flowers, seeds, and pericarps, where approximately 413 sesquiterpenoid compounds from several groups such as eudesmane, aromadendrane, cadinane, guaiane, bisabolane, furanoeremophilane, humulene, germacrane, and oppositane-type were isolated and identified with some minor products. Additionally, the hypothetical route of sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis from this family was identified, and eudesmane-type was reported to be 27% of the total compounds. The antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antiviral, and cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds and major volatile sesquiterpenoids constituent on essential oil were also evaluated. The result showed the fundamental of using the sesquiterpenoid compounds from the Meliaceae family in traditional medicine and the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amalia Riyadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Al Arofatus Naini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Guarea Genus (Meliaceae). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248758. [PMID: 36557891 PMCID: PMC9786185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Guarea is one of the largest genera of the American Meliaceae family, consisting of over 69 species which are widely distributed in Mexico, Argentina, and Africa and are used in traditional medicine for several diseases. Previous studies reported that the Guarea species produce secondary metabolites such as sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid, triterpenoid, limonoid, steroid, and aromatic compounds. The preliminary chemical investigation commenced by isolating the limonoid compound, dihydrogedunin, in 1962; then, 240 compounds were obtained from the isolation and hydrodistillation process. Meanwhile, sesquiterpenoid is a significant compound with 52% of Guarea species. The extract and compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammation, antimalarial, antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antioxidant, phosphorylation inhibitor, and cytotoxic biological activities. The Guarea genus has also been reported as one of the sources of active compounds for medicinal chemistry. This review summarizes some descriptions regarding the types of Guarea species, especially ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology, such as the compounds isolated from the part of this genus, various isolation methods, and their bioactivities. The information can be used in further investigations to obtain more bioactive compounds and their reaction mechanisms.
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Zheng YK, Wang YQ, Su BJ, Wang HS, Liao HB, Liang D. New enantiomeric lignans and new meroterpenoids with nitric oxide release inhibitory activity from Piper puberulum. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105522. [PMID: 34864279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Six new lignans with various type of linkage between two C6-C3 fragments (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3, 4), two new meroterpenoids (5, 6) and 24 known compounds (7-30) were isolated from an EtOH extract of the stems and leaves of Piper puberulum. The absolute configurations of enantiomers 1a and 1b were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, 2a and 2b were determined by comparing their calculated and experimental ECD spectra. Biogenetically, all the new lignans may come from the polymerization of two molecules of hydroxychavicol (30). In the anti-neuroinflammation activity assay, the IC50 values of fifteen compounds were lower than those of the positive control minocycline, and compound 1a showed good activity, but its enantiomer 1b showed no activity. Compound 1a have notable anti-neuroinflammatory activity, and can significantly decrease mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Jun Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bing Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
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Shen C, Huang XY, Geng CA, Li TZ, Tang S, Su LH, Gao Z, Zhang XM, Hu J, Chen JJ. Artemlavanins A and B from Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Their Cytotoxicity Against Hepatic Stellate Cell Line LX2. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:243-250. [PMID: 32583278 PMCID: PMC7367947 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new sesquiterpenoids, artemlavanins A (1) and B (3), together with fifteen known compounds (2 and 4-17) were isolated from the EtOH extract of Artemisia lavandulaefolia. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR) and ECD calculations. Compound 1 was a sesquiterpenoid lactone possessing a rearranged eudesmane skeleton; compounds 2-5, 6-8, 9 and 10-12 belonged to the eudesmane, guaiane, oppositane and farnesane sesquiterpenoids, respectively; compounds 13-17 were the phenyl derivatives with a 4-hydroxyacetophenone moiety. Twelve compounds (1-3, 5-7, 10-12, 14, 15 and 17) displayed cytotoxicity against hepatic stellate cell line LX2 (HSC-LX2) with IC50 values ranging from 35.1 to 370.3 μM. Compounds 2, 7, 10-12 and 17 exhibited the stronger cytotoxicity than silybin (IC50, 169.6 μM) with IC50 values of 82.1, 35.1, 95.0, 83.8, 81.6 and 90.1 μM. Compound 7 as the most active one showed significant inhibition on the deposition of human collagen type I (Col I), human hyaluronic acid (HA) and human laminin (HL) with IC50 values of 10.7, 24.5 and 13.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Ding L, Hertweck C. Oxygenated Geosmins and Plant-like Eudesmanes from a Bacterial Mangrove Endophyte. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2207-2211. [PMID: 32558565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Geosmin (1) is a microbial terpene metabolite that is responsible for the typical smell of soil and causes an off-odor of food and water. Eudesmane sesquiterpenes are commonly found in plant essential oils. Here we describe the discovery of four geosmin-type metabolites, 7R-hydroxygeosmin (2), 3-oxogeosmin (3), 2R-hydroxy-7-oxogeosmin (4), 5-deoxy-7β,9β-dihydroxygeosmin (5), the plant-like eudesmanes 4β,10α-eudesmane-5β,11-diol (6) and (1S,5S,6S,7S,10S)-10α-eudesm-4(15)-ene-1α,6α-diol (7), and the known 1(10)E,5E-germacradiene-2,11-diol (8) from a bacterial endophyte (Streptomyces sp. JMRC:ST027706) of the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. By means of NMR, MS, and ECD spectroscopy, all chemical structures as well as the absolute configurations for the new compounds were elucidated. Compounds 2-5 represent the first geosmin-related metabolites directly as bacterial natural products. The plant-derived eudesmane-5β,11-diol (6) and (1S,5S,6S,7S,10S)-10α-eudesm-4(15)-ene-1α,6α-diol (7) are also now reported as bacterial products. The broad antimicrobial activities of 6 against a suite of fungal and bacterial pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus suggest that this terpene could be an important active principle of the medicinal plant Cymbopogon distans. The discovery of geosmin metabolites from one actinomycete indicated that these bacteria could possess enzymes for modifying geosmin and offer a possibility for bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany
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Li X, Liu S, Zhai Y, Cao X, Gao S, Huang M, Guo Y, Xie C, Zhou H. In vitro screening for compounds from Hypericum longistylum with anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126695. [PMID: 31606345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis and limited therapies, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of IPF. Here, we aimed to investigate the chemical constituents and biological activities of Hypericum longistylum and detect whether the isolated compounds inhibit the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway to identify candidate compounds for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Fifteen compounds (1-15) were isolated from H. longistylum and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. An in vitro MTT assay was used to test the effect of these fifteen compounds on fibroblast cytotoxicity and vitality. Furthermore, their bioactivities were screened using a TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway luciferase reporter in vitro. MTT screening found that compounds 1-15 had no deleterious effects on normal mouse lung fibroblasts and no significant inhibition of vitality. Luciferase assay showed that compounds 14 and 15 could significantly inhibit the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway with the inhibition rates of 67.92% and 93.10%, respectively. Both compounds can be used as lead compounds for structural modification and optimization to obtain more drug candidates for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqian Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.
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Pandini JA, Pinto FGS, Scur MC, Santana CB, Costa WF, Temponi LG. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of the essential oil of Guarea kunthiana A. Juss. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:53-60. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.04116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The essential oils are extracted from plant compounds and can present activities antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The goals of the present study were: (a) to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of Guarea kunthiana A. Juss using the method of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS); (b) to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of this oil using the broth microdilution method against different microorganisms: five Gram-negative bacteria, four Gram-positive bacteria and a yeast and (c) to determine the antioxidant activity of the oil using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical assay. The GC-MS analyses allowed identifying 13 constituents, representing 96.52% of the essencial oil composition. The main compounds identified were α-zingiberene (34.48%), β-sesquiphellandrene (22.90%), and α-curcumene (16.17%). With respect to the antimicrobial activity, the essential oil was effective against all the microorganisms tested, except for the bacteria E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which were resistant to the action of the oil. From a general point of view, Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the action of the essential oil than Gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil exhibited antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. C. Scur
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
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Wu XD, Zhong WW, Ding LF, Tu WC, Yang H, Gong X, Peng LY, Li Y, Xu ZZ, Zhao QS. Sesquiterpenoids from the twigs and leaves of Fokienia hodginsii. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:666-672. [PMID: 27989219 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1247350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A rare carotane-type sesquiterpenoid, forkienin A (1), a new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid, forkienin B (2), and a new natural eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid, forkienin C (3), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Fokienia hodginsii, along with eight known sesquiterpenoids. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR methods. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-De Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhong
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
- b Biomedical Engineering Research Center , Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Lin-Fen Ding
- c School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products , Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Wen-Chao Tu
- c School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products , Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Hui Yang
- c School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products , Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Xun Gong
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Li-Yan Peng
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Yan Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Zhong-Zhi Xu
- d Institute of Alpine Economic Plant , Yunnan Academy of Agricutural Science , Lijiang 674100 , China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation, structural determination, synthesis and chemical and microbiological transformations of natural sesquiterpenoids. The literature from January to December 2012 is reviewed, and 471 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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