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Jiménez-González V, Kowalczyk T, Piekarski J, Szemraj J, Rijo P, Sitarek P. Nature's Green Potential: Anticancer Properties of Plants of the Euphorbiaceae Family. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:114. [PMID: 38201542 PMCID: PMC10778523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer cases will reach 24 million in 2040, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Current treatments for cancer are not effective and selective for most patients; for this reason, new anticancer drugs need to be developed and researched enough. There are potentially useful drugs for cancer isolated from plants that are being used in the clinic. Available information about phytochemistry, traditional uses, in vitro and in vivo experiments with plants, and pure compounds isolated from the Euphorbiaceae family indicates that this family of plants has the potential to develop anticancer drugs. This review examines selected species from the Euphorbiaceae family and their bioactive compounds that could have potential against different types of cancer cells. It reviews the activity of crude extracts, isolated compounds, and nanoparticles and the potential underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Jiménez-González
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Piekarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University in Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Patricia Rijo
- CBIOS-Lusófona University’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
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Zhao Y, Wang ZJ, Wang CB, Tan BY, Luo XD. New and Antifungal Diterpenoids of Sunflower against Gray Mold. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16647-16656. [PMID: 37877578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is cultivated around the world as an oil crop, and its receptacle is the byproduct and is usually deemed to be an agro-industrial waste. Then, phytochemical constituents and antifungal bioactivity of the sunflower receptacle against phytopathogenic fungi were investigated. As a result, 17 diterpenoids including 4 new compounds were isolated, and most of them showed potential antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, in which compounds 1, 3, 5, and 15 exhibited better inhibitory effect with the minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.05-0.1 mg/mL. Meanwhile, four antifungal diterpenoids destructed plasma membrane integrity, suspended the biofilm formation ability, and increased the extravasation of cellular contents of B. cinerea. Moreover, the EtOAc extract of sunflower receptacle could keep 42.9% of blueberries from the invasion of B. cinerea at 1.6 mg/mL. The finding suggested that sunflower receptacle might be a biocontrol agent for preventing fruit from postharvest diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bang-Yin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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Vieira MG, Gramosa NV, Silveira ER. Chemical composition of Xylopia nitida: Diterpenes and alkaloids. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oliani J, Ferreira MJP, Salatino A, Salatino MLF. Leaf flavonoids from Croton urucurana and C. floribundus (Euphorbiaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Munissi JJE, Isyaka SM, Mas-Claret E, Brabner M, Langat MK, Nyandoro SS, Mulholland DA. Ent-clerodane and ent-trachylobane diterpenoids from Croton dictyophlebodes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 179:112487. [PMID: 32847772 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The stem bark and root bark extracts of Croton dictyophlebodes (Euphorbiaceae) yielded seven undescribed ent-clerodanes: 15,16-epoxy-17,12(S)-olide-ent-cleroda-1,3,13(16),14-tetraen-18-oic acid methyl ester (crotodictyo A), 3β,4β:15,16-diepoxy-ent-cleroda-13(16),14-dien-20-al (crotodictyo B), 3β,4β:15,16-diepoxy-ent-cleroda-13(16),14-dien-19,20-dioic acid (crotodictyo C), 3β,4β:15,16-diepoxy-ent-cleroda-13(16),14-dien-20,19-olide (crotodictyo D), 3β,4β:15,16-diepoxy-20,12(R)-olide ent-cleroda-13(16),14-dien-19-oic acid methyl ester (crotodictyo E), 15,16-epoxy-ent-cleroda-3,13(16),14-trien-12-oxo-18-oic acid (crotodictyo F) and 15,16-epoxy-ent-cleroda-1,3,13(16),14-tetraen-12-oxo-18-oic acid (crotodictyo G), in addition to 15,16-epoxy- ent-cleroda-3,13(16),14-trien-12-oxo-18-oic acid methyl ester (crotodictyo H), reported previously as a synthetic derivative, and acetyl aleuritolic acid. The root extract yielded two ent-trachylobanes, ent-trachylobane-18,19-diol, the undescribed ent-trachylobane-2α,19-diol, along with ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid and 2-methoxybenzyl benzoate. Compounds were evaluated against the NCI 60 panel of human tumour cell lines at a single dose of 10-5 M, but showed no significant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan J E Munissi
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O.Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sani M Isyaka
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Eduard Mas-Claret
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Molly Brabner
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Moses K Langat
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen S Nyandoro
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O.Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Dulcie A Mulholland
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
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Queiroz SAS, Pinto MEF, Bobey AF, Russo HM, Batista ANL, Batista JM, Codo AC, Medeiros AI, Bolzani VS. Diterpenoids with inhibitory activity of nitrite production from Croton floribundus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112320. [PMID: 31639485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as Capixinguí, stands out due to its widespread use in traditional medicine to treat wounds, syphilis, hemorrhoids, eye diseases and as a purgative. AIM OF THE STUDY To characterize clerodanes diterpenes from C. floribundus and to evaluate the effects of the fraction and diterpenes (1-5) on inhibition of nitrite production. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydroethanolic root extract of C. floribundus was fractionated on a solid phase extraction column to obtain the fraction named Fr80%. From this, five compounds were obtained and characterized. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by a combination of electronic and vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopies. Additionally, compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on nitrite production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264 macrophage cell. RESULTS Five clerodane diterpenoids were characterized, and the absolute stereochemistry of 1 was established as 3R,4R,5R,8R,9R,10S,12S. The IC50 values obtained through inhibition of nitrite production were 28.52 ± 2.21 μM (1), 40.26 ± 2.79 μM (2), 25.47 ± 2.16 μM (3), 35.78 ± 2.93 μM (4) and 40.58 ± 4.78 μM (5). In the tested concentrations, the samples presented low toxicity in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Four new diterpenes were characterized from C. floribundus, these being croflorins A-D (1-4) and a known halimane (5). These compounds exhibited inhibitory effect on nitrite production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meri Emili F Pinto
- Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, 14800-060, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio F Bobey
- Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, 14800-060, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena M Russo
- Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, 14800-060, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea N L Batista
- Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joao M Batista
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose Dos Campos, 12231-280, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Codo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, 01049-010, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Medeiros
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, 01049-010, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan S Bolzani
- Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, 14800-060, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Kamel MR, Nafady AM, Hassanein AMM, Hassan AR, Shimizu K, Ibrahim RR, Haggag EG. Ent-trachylobane-3β-hydroperoxide, a new diterpene from the root bark of Chrozophora oblongifolia (Fam.; Euphorbiaceae). Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:3177-3184. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1687477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Kamel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa M. Nafady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. M. Hassanein
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, El-Matariya, Egypt
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Reham R. Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman G. Haggag
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ludwiczuk A, Asakawa Y. Bryophytes as a source of bioactive volatile terpenoids – A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Dorababu A. Critical evaluation of current Alzheimer's drug discovery (2018-19) & futuristic Alzheimer drug model approach. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103299. [PMID: 31586701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease responsible for death of millions of people worldwide is a progressive clinical disorder which causes neurons to degenerate and ultimately die. It is one of the common causes of dementia wherein a person's incapability to independently think, behave and decline in social skills can be quoted as major symptoms. However the early signs include the simple non-clinical symptoms such as forgetting recent events and conversations. Onset of these symptoms leads to worsened conditions wherein the AD patient suffers severe memory impairment and eventually becomes unable to work out everyday tasks. Even though there is no complete cure for AD, rigorous research has been going on to reduce the progress of AD. Currently, a very few clinical drugs are prevailing for AD treatment. So this is the need of hour to design, develop and discovery of novel anti-AD drugs. The main factors for the cause of AD according to scientific research reveals structural changes in brain proteins such as beta amyloid, tau proteins into plaques and tangles respectively. The abnormal proteins distort the neurons. Despite the high potencies of the synthesized molecules; they could not get on the clinical tests up to human usage. In this review article, the recent research carried out with respect to inhibition of AChE, BuChE, NO, BACE1, MAOs, Aβ, H3R, DAPK, CSF1R, 5-HT4R, PDE, σ1R and GSK-3β is compiled and organized. The summary is focused mainly on cholinesterases, Aβ, BACE1 and MAOs classes of potential inhibitors. The review also covers structure activity relationship of most potent compounds of each class of inhibitors alongside redesign and remodeling of the most significant inhibitors in order to expect cutting edge inhibitory properties towards AD. Alongside the molecular docking studies of the some final compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali 583219, Karnataka, India.
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dos Santos GF, da Silva Lima G, Pereira de Oliveira G, de Souza Filho JD, da Silva Amaral L, Rodrigues-Filho E, Takahashi JA. New AChE inhibitors from microbial transformation of trachyloban-19-oic acid by Syncephalastrum racemosum. Bioorg Chem 2018; 79:60-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Barth EF, Pinto LS, Dileli P, Biavatti DC, Silva YL, Bortolucci W, Gazim ZC, Takemura OS, Romagnolo MB, Laverde-Junior A. Biological screening of extracts from leaf and stem bark of Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae). BRAZ J BIOL 2018; 78:601-608. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.166522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This work describes the preliminary evaluation of cytotoxic, antimicrobial, molluscicidal, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities from leaf (LECF) and stem bark alcoholic extracts (BECF) of the species Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as capixingui or tapixingui. BECF presented significant toxicity (LC50 = 89.6 μg/ml) in the Artemia salina Leach, 1819 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) bioassay, whereas LECF did not show activity (LC50 > 1000 μg/ml). From DPPH method, the values of IC50 for the LECF and BECF were 61.2 μg/ml and 62.2 μg/ml, respectively, showing that C. floribundus has an expressive antioxidant activity. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by microdilution technique and only BECF was active against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 39.6 μg/ml). The extracts did not present molluscicidal activity against snail Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Both extracts revealed the presence of several components with an inhibiting capacity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme on the bioautographic assay. C. floribundus showed to be a promising species considering that it exhibited good biological activity in the most assays performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. F. Barth
- Universidade Paranaense, Brazil; Universidade Paranaense, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Z. C. Gazim
- Universidade Paranaense, Brazil; Universidade Paranaense, Brazil
| | | | | | - A. Laverde-Junior
- Universidade Paranaense, Brazil; Universidade Paranaense, Brazil; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brazil
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Soares ACF, Cabral MMW, Martins CHG, Ferreira AE, Bergamo PAS, Omosa LK, Midiwo JO, Parreira RLT, Heleno VCG. Study of Anti-Tuberculosis Activity Behaviour of Natural Kaurane and Trachylobane Diterpenes Compared with Structural Properties Obtained by Theoretical Calculations. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of seven diterpenes, three kauranes and four trachylobanes, isolated from the African plant Psiadia punctulata were assayed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and reached activity comparable with cycloserine, a second line drug used to treat tuberculosis (TB). Several structural properties of those diterpenes, such as lipophilicity, HOMO and LUMO energies, charge density, and intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) formation, were obtained by theoretical calculations and compared with their activities. Peculiar correlations were observed, especially between activity, lipophilicity and IHB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. F. Soares
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, 14404–600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirela M. W. Cabral
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, 14404–600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. G. Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, 14404–600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro E. Ferreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, 14404–600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro A. S. Bergamo
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, 14404–600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonida K. Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Jacob O. Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Renato L. T. Parreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, 14404–600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vladimir C. G. Heleno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, 14404–600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
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Antibacterial Potential of Diterpenoids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63929-5.00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Antiproliferative activity of flavonoids from Croton sphaerogynus Baill. (Euphorbiaceae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:212809. [PMID: 26075219 PMCID: PMC4449871 DOI: 10.1155/2015/212809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Croton sphaerogynus is a shrub from the Atlantic Rain Forest in southeastern Brazil. A lyophilized crude EtOH extract from leaves of C. sphaerogynus, obtained by maceration at room temperature (seven days), was suspended in methanol and partitioned with hexane. The purified MeOH phase was fractionated over Sephadex LH-20 yielding five fractions (F1–F5) containing flavonoids, as characterized by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS analyses. The antiproliferative activity of the crude EtOH extract, MeOH and hexane phases, and fractions F1–F5 was evaluated on in vitro cell lines NCI-H460 (nonsmall cell lung), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and U251 (glioma). The MeOH phase showed activity (mean log GI50 0.54) higher than the hexane phase and EtOH extract (mean log GI50 1.13 and 1.19, resp.). F1 exhibited activity against NCI-H460 (nonsmall cell lung) (GI50 1.2 μg/mL), which could be accounted for the presence of flavonoids and/or diterpenes. F4 showed moderate activity (mean log GI50 1.05), while F5 showed weak activity (mean log GI50 1.36). It is suggested that the antiproliferative activity of the crude EtOH extract and MeOH phase is accounted for a synergistic combination of flavonoids and diterpenes.
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