1
|
Pinheiro FA, Decaris N, Parreño V, Brandão PE, Ayres H, Gomes V. Efficacy of prepartum vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhea in Nelore dams as a prevention measure. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:323. [PMID: 35996133 PMCID: PMC9394007 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is the leading cause of calf morbidity and mortality in beef cattle. Cow’s vaccination in last stage of pregnancy is one of the most important measures to mitigate the risk of NCD outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prepartum single dose vaccination against NCD, especially Bovine Rotavirus type A (BoRVA) and Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV), in Nelore dams and offspring. A total of 117 pregnant cows (n = 81) and heifers (n = 36) were distributed in two groups, vaccinated (VAC: cows = 40; heifers = 19) and non-vaccinated (NVAC: cows = 41; heifers = 17). Vaccination occurred between 60 to 50 days before the expected calving date with a single dose of a water-in-oil (W/O) vaccine, and NVAC group received a dose of saline solution 0.9%. Blood samples were collected before vaccination and 30 days after to evaluate the antibody (Ab) response. Specific IgG1 Abs against BoRVA and BCoV were measured by using an Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Calves’ births were monitored, and the transference of passive immunity was evaluated. Diarrhea was monitored in the first 30 days of age, and fecal samples were collected for identification of the etiological agent. Results Higher titers of IgG1 Ab against BoRVA and BCoV was observed in the VAC group than NVAC group in the cow (P < 0.0001) and total dams categories (P < 0.0001). The titer of specific IgG1 Abs in the calves’ serum reflected the dams response, observing higher IgG1 Ab titers for BoRVA (P < 0.0016) and BCoV (P < 0.0095) in the offspring born to VAC cows and higher IgG1 Ab titers for BoRVA(P < 0.0171) and BCoV (P < 0.0200) in the offspring born to VAC total dams. The general incidence of diarrhea observed was 18.6% (11/59) and 29.3% (17/58) in the calves born to the VAC and NVAC group, respectively. Conclusions Prepartum vaccination with a single dose of the vaccine tested increased the titers of IgG1 Ab against BCoV and BoRVA, and it could be used as a preventive strategy to decrease the NCD occurrence in Nelore calves. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03391-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Aguera Pinheiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Nathália Decaris
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Viviana Parreño
- INCUINTA. Instituto de Virologia e Tecnológicas, IVIT. CICV y A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Unidad ejecutora INTA-CONICET, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Postal code 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulo Eduardo Brandão
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Henderson Ayres
- MSD Animal Health, 296, Dr. Chucri Zaidan Ave, Vila Cordeiro, São Paulo, São Paulo, 50030-000, Brazil
| | - Viviani Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oliveira JSD, Martins FDC, Ladeia WA, Cortela IDB, Valadares MF, Matos AMRND, Caldart ET, Ayres H, Navarro IT, Freire RL. Identification, molecular characterization and factors associated with occurrences of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves on dairy farms in Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2021; 30:e009621. [PMID: 34910017 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cattle are an important source of zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium for humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Cryptosporidium, identify the species and determine the risk factors relating to environment, animals and management among dairy calves in eight Brazilian states. A total of 408 fecal samples from calves aged 1-60 days were analyzed. An epidemiological questionnaire was completed. Sample screening was performed using Ziehl-Neelsen technique and the positive samples were subjected to nested PCR. Cryptosporidium species were identified by means of the PCR-RFLP technique, using SSPI, ASEI and MBOII enzymes. The Ziehl-Neelsen technique showed that 89.7% (35/39) of the farms and 52.9% (216/408) of the samples were positive. Through nested PCR, these protozoa were detected in 54.6% of the samples. The 56 samples subjected to PCR-RFLP presented Cryptosporidium parvum. There was higher prevalence of the parasite in animals aged 7 to 28 days (62.6%). Diarrhea, ages between seven and 28 days and a spring water source were factors associated with the risk of infection. The calf hutch-type management system was associated with reduced infection. These findings demonstrate the high level of Cryptosporidium spp. circulation in cattle herds and the predominance of the species C. parvum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Silva de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Winni Alves Ladeia
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Isadora de Britto Cortela
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Manuela Ferraz Valadares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Eloiza Teles Caldart
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Italmar Teodorico Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Roberta Lemos Freire
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prevalence of Bovine Rotavirus and Coronavirus in Neonatal Calves in Dairy Farms of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Preliminary Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5778455. [PMID: 34796233 PMCID: PMC8595031 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5778455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are the most common viral agents in neonatal calf diarrhea and result in serious economic consequences. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiology of those viruses in randomly selected dairy farms of Addis Ababa. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 using a probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling technique. A total of 110 calves, less than 30 days of age, from 57 dairy herds were involved in the study. Associated factors of herds and calves were collected using semistructured interviews from farm owners and through physical observation of selected calves. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using the sandwich ELISA method. Data generated from both semistructured interviews and laboratory investigation were analyzed using STATA_MP version 15. Results From the total 110 calves, 42 (38.18%) had diarrhea during the survey. The prevalence of bovine rotavirus and coronavirus was 3.64% (4/110) and 0.91% (1/110), respectively. Diarrhea, feeding colostrum timing, and sex of the neonatal calves had statistically significant association with bovine rotavirus infection (p < 0.05). All rotavirus-positive neonatal calves were identified in small scale dairy farms and in dairy farms that reported mortality though they lack statistically significant association. Only one coronavirus case was detected among the neonatal calves. The case was identified among small scale herds and in a herd with diarrheal cases. The sex of the coronavirus calf was female, diarrheic, and among 11-20 days old. Conclusion The prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus infections in neonatal calves was seldom in dairy farms of the study area. Rotavirus was more common than coronavirus, and further studies should be initiated on other (infectious and noninfectious) causes of neonatal calf diarrhea in the area.
Collapse
|
4
|
Caffarena RD, Casaux ML, Schild CO, Fraga M, Castells M, Colina R, Maya L, Corbellini LG, Riet-Correa F, Giannitti F. Causes of neonatal calf diarrhea and mortality in pasture-based dairy herds in Uruguay: a farm-matched case-control study. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:977-988. [PMID: 33575990 PMCID: PMC7877513 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) and mortality cause significant losses to the dairy industry. The preweaning dairy calf mortality risk in Uruguay is high (15.2%); however, causes for these losses are largely unknown. This study aimed to assess whether various pathogens were associated with NCD and death in Uruguayan dairy calves and whether these infections, diarrhea, or deaths were associated with the failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). Contemporary diarrheic (n = 264,) and non-diarrheic (n = 271) 1- to 30-day-old calves from 27 farms were sampled. Feces were analyzed by antigen-capture ELISA for Cryptosporidium spp., rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, and Escherichia coli F5+, RT-PCR for bovine astrovirus (BoAstV), and bacterial cultures for Salmonella enterica. Blood/serum was analyzed by RT-PCR or antigen-capture ELISA for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Serum of ≤ 8-day-old calves (n = 95) was assessed by refractometry to determine the concention of serum total proteins (STP) as an indicator of FTPI. Whether the sampled calves died before weaning was recorded. At least one pathogen was detected in 65.4% of the calves, and this percentage was significantly higher in diarrheic (83.7%) versus non-diarrheic (47.6%) calves. Unlike the other pathogens, Cryptosporidium spp. and rotavirus were associated with NCD. Diarrheic calves, calves infected with any of the pathogens, and calves infected with rotavirus had significantly lower concentrations of STP. Diarrheic calves had higher chances of dying before weaning than non-diarrheic calves. Diarrheic calves infected with S. enterica were at increased risk of mortality. Controlling NCD, salmonellosis, cryptosporidiosis, and rotavirus infections, and improving colostrum management practices would help to reduce calf morbi-mortality in dairy farms in Uruguay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Darío Caffarena
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay. .,Departamento de Patología y Clínica de Rumiantes y Suinos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - María Laura Casaux
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Omar Schild
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Martín Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Matías Castells
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Salto, Uruguay
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Salto, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Maya
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Salto, Uruguay
| | - Luis Gustavo Corbellini
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay.,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (Epilab), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toledo RDS, Martins FDC, Ferreira FP, de Almeida JC, Ogawa L, dos Santos HLEPL, dos Santos MM, Pinheiro FA, Navarro IT, Garcia JL, Freire RL. Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in feces and water and the associated exposure factors on dairy farms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175311. [PMID: 28403147 PMCID: PMC5389815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to verify the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in animal feces and drinking water on dairy farms and to identify a possible relation between the exposure factors and the presence of these parasites. Fecal samples from cattle and humans and water samples were collected on dairy farms in Paraná, Brazil. Analysis of (oo)cysts in the feces was performed by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining and centrifugal flotation in zinc sulfate. Test-positive samples were subjected to nested PCR amplification of the 18SSU ribosomal RNA gene for identification of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and of the gp60 gene for subtyping of Cryptosporidium. Microbiological analysis of water was carried out by the multiple-tube method and by means of a chromogenic substrate, and parasitological analysis was performed on 31 samples by direct immunofluorescence and nested PCR of the genes mentioned above. Identification of the species of Cryptosporidium was performed by sequencing and PCR with analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was higher in calves than in adults. Among the samples of cattle feces, Cryptosporidium parvum was identified in 41 (64%), C. ryanae in eight (12.5%), C. bovis in four (6.3%), C. andersoni in five (7.8%), and a mixed infection in 20 samples (31.3%). These parasites were not identified in the samples of human feces. Thermotolerant coliform bacteria were identified in 25 samples of water (45.5%). Giardia duodenalis and C. parvum were identified in three water samples. The gp60 gene analysis of C. parvum isolates revealed the presence of two strains (IIaA20G1R1 and IIaA17G2R2) in the fecal samples and one (IIaA17G2R1) in the water samples. The presence of coliforms was associated with the water source, structure and degradation of springs, rain, and turbidity. The prevalence of protozoa was higher in calves up to six months of age. C. parvum and G. duodenalis were identified in the water of dairy farms, as were thermotolerant coliforms; these findings point to the need for guidance on handling of animals, preservation of water sources, and water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta dos Santos Toledo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Felippe Danyel Cardoso Martins
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Pinto Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Jonatas Campos de Almeida
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Liza Ogawa
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual Norte do Paraná (UENP), Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | - Maíra Moreira dos Santos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Filipe Aguera Pinheiro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Italmar Teodorico Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Roberta Lemos Freire
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rocha TG, Silva FDF, Gregori F, Alfieri AA, Buzinaro MDG, Fagliari JJ. Longitudinal study of bovine rotavirus group A in newborn calves from vaccinated and unvaccinated dairy herds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:783-790. [PMID: 28321789 PMCID: PMC7088669 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reports of rotavirus excretion in calves usually result from cross-sectional studies, and in face of the conflicting results regarding protection of calves born to vaccinated dams against diarrhea, the aim of the present study was to evaluate rotavirus excretion in dairy calves born to vaccinated or unvaccinated dams, to identify the genotypes of bovine rotavirus group A (RVA) strains isolated from these animals as well as to investigate characteristics of the disease in naturally occurring circumstances throughout the first month of life. Five hundred fifty-two fecal samples were taken from 56 calves, 28 from each farm and, in the vaccinated herd, 11/281 samples (3.91%) taken from six different calves tested positive for RVA while in the unvaccinated herd, 3/271 samples (1.11%) taken from 3 different calves tested positive. The genotyping of the VP7 genes showed 91.2% nucleotide sequence identity to G6 genotype (NCDV strain), and for the VP4 gene, strains from the vaccinated herd were 96.6% related to B223 strain, while strains from the unvaccinated herd were 88% related to P[5] genotype (UK strain). Genotypes found in this study were G6P[11] in the vaccinated herd and G6P[5] in the unvaccinated herd. All calves infected with rotavirus presented an episode of diarrhea in the first month of life, and the discrepancy between the genotypes found in the commercial vaccine (G6P[1] and G10P[11]) and the rotavirus strains circulating in both vaccinated and unvaccinated herds show the importance of keeping constant surveillance in order to avoid potential causes of vaccination failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Gomes Rocha
- Research Laboratory of the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP14884-900, Brazil. .,, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14870-720, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Dornelas Florentino Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Gregori
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Maria da Glória Buzinaro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - José Jurandir Fagliari
- Research Laboratory of the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP14884-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Destro KC, Viana RB, Benigno RNM, Chaves LCDS, Pereira WLA. Ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. em bezerros bubalinos no estado do Pará. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000722012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A criptosporidiose é uma zoonose causada por protozoários do gênero Cryptosporidium, que acomete diversas espécies animais, inclusive o homem. Com o presente estudo objetivou-se determinar a ocorrência da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em bubalinos criados no estado do Pará. Para tanto, foram colhidas fezes de 253 bubalinos, de um dia até seis meses de idade. As fezes colhidas diretamente do reto foram classificadas como diarreicas e não diarreicas segundo a consistência e o aspecto, e analisadas em microscópio óptico após procedimentos de centrifugação, concentração e coloração pelo corante de Kinyoun. Observou-se uma ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. em 2,37% (6/253) das amostras, sendo todas não diarreicas. Não foi estabelecida relação significativa entre a infecção por Cryptosporidium spp., os sinais clínicos de diarreia e a idade dos animais (p > 0,05). Deste modo, conclui-se que a infecção pelo protozoário Cryptosporidium spp. em bubalinos no estado do Pará apresenta uma baixa ocorrência em animais na faixa etária de um dia até seis meses de idade.
Collapse
|
8
|
Coura FM, Lage AP, Heinemann MB. Patotipos de Escherichia coli causadores de diarreia em bezerros: uma atualização. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A diarreia é uma das doenças mais frequentes de bezerros com até 30 dias de idade e é uma importante causa de perdas econômicas. Sua etiologia é complexa e envolve a interação de diversos fatores infecciosos, nutricionais, imunológicos, gerenciais e ambientais. Os principais sinais clínicos são a diarreia, desidratação progressiva, acidose metabólica, desequilíbrio de eletrólitos e balanço energético negativo com ou sem hipoglicemia, que se não tratados, levam à morte do animal. Escherichia coli se destaca como um importante enteropatógeno envolvido na síndrome diarreica. Cepas de E. coli patogênicas são classificadas em grupos ou patotipos, de acordo com a produção de fatores de virulência e mecanismos pelos quais causam doença. Já foram identificados cinco patotipos de E. coli associados à diarreia em bezerros: E. coli enterotoxigênica (ETEC), E. coli enteropatogênica (EPEC), E. coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC), E. coli produtora de toxina Shiga (STEC) e E. coli necrotoxigênica (NTEC). Nesse artigo apresentamos as principais características e os atuais conhecimentos sobre os patotipos de E. coli causadores de diarreia em bezerros.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcos B. Heinemann
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pimenta-Oliveira A, Oliveira-Filho JP, Dias A, Gonçalves RC. Morbidity-mortality and performance evaluation of Brahman calves from in vitro embryo production. BMC Vet Res 2011; 7:79. [PMID: 22136315 PMCID: PMC3248837 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Pimenta-Oliveira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Meireles MV. Cryptosporidium infection in Brazil: implications for veterinary medicine and public health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 19:197-204. [PMID: 21184694 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612010000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review paper is to report the results of cryptosporidiosis research in Brazil, mainly its occurrence in animals and implications for veterinary medicine and public health. An increasing number of papers related to Cryptosporidium spp. infection in Brazil are available at national and international literature. The main focus described in these papers is the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in food, environmental samples, in humans and several animal species, particularly birds, cattle, dogs and cats. Using molecular biology techniques, most Cryptosporidium species and genotypes identified in other countries have been described in Brazil. In mammals, there are descriptions of infection by C. bovis, C. canis, C. felis, C. meleagridis, C. parvum, and the cervine genotype; in birds, the following species and genotypes have been described: C. baileyi, C. galli, C. meleagridis, C. parvum and the avian genotypes I, II and III. Several species have been described in humans, such as C. parvum, C. hominis, and some species adapted to animal hosts such as C. canis, C. felis and C. meleagridis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Bairro Dona Amélia, Araçatuba-SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Martins-Vieira M, Brito L, Heller L. Oocistos deCryptosporidium parvum em fezes de bezerro infectado experimentalmente. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352009000600030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
12
|
Younis EE, Ahmed AM, El-Khodery SA, Osman SA, El-Naker YFI. Molecular screening and risk factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in diarrheic neonatal calves in Egypt. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:373-9. [PMID: 19419742 PMCID: PMC7111881 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to carry out molecular epidemiological investigation on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K99 and Salmonella spp. in diarrheic neonatal calves. Fecal samples were obtained from 220 diarrheic calves at 9 farms related to four governorates in central and northern Egypt. E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates were examined for E. coli K99 and Salmonella spp. using PCR. ETEC K99 was recovered from 20 (10.36 %) out of 193 isolates, whereas Salmonella spp. was recovered from nine calves (4.09%). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with both infections. ETEC K99 was significantly affected by age (P<0.01; OR: 1.812; CI 95%: 0.566-1.769), colostrum feeding practice (P<0.01; OR: 5.525; CI 95%: 2.025-15.076), rotavirus infection (P<0.001; OR: 2.220; CI 95%: 0.273-1.251), vaccination of pregnant dams with combined vaccine against rotavirus, coronavirus and E. coli (K99) (P<0.001; OR: 4.753; CI 95%: 2.124-10.641), and vitamin E and selenium administration to the pregnant dam (P<0.01; OR: 3.933; CI 95%: 0.703-1.248). Infection with Salmonella spp. was found to be significantly affected by the animal age (P<0.05; OR: 0.376; CI 95%: 0.511-1.369), Hygiene (P<0.05; OR: 0.628; CI 95%: 1.729-5.612), and region (P<0. 01; OR: 0.970; CI 95%: 0.841-1.624). The results of the present study indicate the importance of PCR as rapid, effective and reliable tool for screening of ETEC and Salmonella spp. when confronted with cases of undifferentiated calf diarrhea. Moreover, identification of the risk factors associated with the spreading of bacteria causing diarrhea may be helpful for construction of suitable methods for prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emad E Younis
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|