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Hernandez-Leon A, Moreno-Pérez GF, Martínez-Gordillo M, Aguirre-Hernández E, Valle-Dorado MG, Díaz-Reval MI, González-Trujano ME, Pellicer F. Lamiaceae in Mexican Species, a Great but Scarcely Explored Source of Secondary Metabolites with Potential Pharmacological Effects in Pain Relief. Molecules 2021; 26:7632. [PMID: 34946714 PMCID: PMC8705283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for molecules that contribute to the relief of pain is a field of research in constant development. Lamiaceae is one of the most recognized families world-wide for its use in traditional medicine to treat diseases that include pain and inflammation. Mexico can be considered one of the most important centers of diversification, and due to the high endemism of this family, it is crucial for the in situ conservation of this family. Information about the most common genera and species found in this country and their uses in folk medicine are scarcely reported in the literature. After an extensive inspection in bibliographic databases, mainly Sciencedirect, Pubmed and Springer, almost 1200 articles describing aspects of Lamiaceae were found; however, 217 articles were selected because they recognize the Mexican genera and species with antinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory potential to relieve pain, such as Salvia and Agastache. The bioactive constituents of these genera were mainly terpenes (volatile and non-volatile) and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (glycosides and aglycone). The aim of this review is to analyze important aspects of Mexican genera of Lamiaceae, scarcely explored as a potential source of secondary metabolites responsible for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of these species. In addition, we point out the possible mechanisms of action involved and the modulatory pathways investigated in different experimental models. As a result of this review, it is important to mention that scarce information has been reported regarding species of this family from Mexican genera. In fact, despite Calosphace being one of the largest subgenera of Salvia in the world, found mainly in Mexico, it has been barely investigated regarding its potential biological activities and recognized bioactive constituents. The scientific evidence regarding the different bioactive constituents found in species of Lamiaceae demonstrates that several species require further investigation in preclinical studies, and of course also in controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of these natural products to support their therapeutic potential in pain relief and/or inflammation, among other health conditions. Since Mexico is one of the most important centers of diversification, and due to the high endemism of species of this family, it is crucial their rescue, in situ conservation, and investigation of their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernandez-Leon
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Gabriel Fernando Moreno-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Martínez-Gordillo
- Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - María Guadalupe Valle-Dorado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - María Irene Díaz-Reval
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico;
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Francisco Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
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Ugbogu OC, Emmanuel O, Agi GO, Ibe C, Ekweogu CN, Ude VC, Uche ME, Nnanna RO, Ugbogu EA. A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of clove basil ( Ocimum gratissimum L.). Heliyon 2021; 7:e08404. [PMID: 34901489 PMCID: PMC8642617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional medicine, Ocimum gratissimum (clove basil) is used in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, anaemia, diarrhoea, pains, and fungal and bacterial infections. The present study reviewed the phytochemicals, essential oils, and pharmacological activities of O. gratissimum. The bioactive compounds extracted from O. gratissimum include phytochemicals (oleanolic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, sinapic acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, apigenin, nepetoidin, xanthomicrol, nevadensin, salvigenin, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, rutin, and kaempfero) and essential oils (camphene, β-caryophyllene, α- and β-pinene, α-humulene, sabinene, β-myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, trans-β-ocimene, linalool, α- and δ-terpineol, eugenol, α-copaene, β-elemene, p-cymene, thymol, and carvacrol). Various in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that O. gratissimum and its bioactive constituents possess pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antidiarrhoeal, and antimicrobial properties. This review demonstrated that O. gratissimum has a strong preventive and therapeutic effect against several diseases. The effectiveness of O. gratissimum to ameliorate various diseases may be attributed to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties as well as its capacity to improve the antioxidant systems. However, despite the widespread pharmacological activities of O. gratissimum, further experiments in human clinical trial studies are needed to establish effective and safe doses for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okezie Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Grace Oka Agi
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike Ibe
- Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Celestine Nwabu Ekweogu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Imo State University, PMB 2000, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Chibueze Ude
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology, PMB 01660, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Miracle Ebubechi Uche
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
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Silveira D, Prieto-Garcia JM, Boylan F, Estrada O, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Jamal CM, Magalhães PO, Pereira EO, Tomczyk M, Heinrich M. COVID-19: Is There Evidence for the Use of Herbal Medicines as Adjuvant Symptomatic Therapy? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581840. [PMID: 33071794 PMCID: PMC7542597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current recommendations for the self-management of SARS-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19) include self-isolation, rest, hydration, and the use of NSAID in case of high fever only. It is expected that many patients will add other symptomatic/adjuvant treatments, such as herbal medicines. AIMS To provide a benefits/risks assessment of selected herbal medicines traditionally indicated for "respiratory diseases" within the current frame of the COVID-19 pandemic as an adjuvant treatment. METHOD The plant selection was primarily based on species listed by the WHO and EMA, but some other herbal remedies were considered due to their widespread use in respiratory conditions. Preclinical and clinical data on their efficacy and safety were collected from authoritative sources. The target population were adults with early and mild flu symptoms without underlying conditions. These were evaluated according to a modified PrOACT-URL method with paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine as reference drugs. The benefits/risks balance of the treatments was classified as positive, promising, negative, and unknown. RESULTS A total of 39 herbal medicines were identified as very likely to appeal to the COVID-19 patient. According to our method, the benefits/risks assessment of the herbal medicines was found to be positive in 5 cases (Althaea officinalis, Commiphora molmol, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedera helix, and Sambucus nigra), promising in 12 cases (Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, Eucalyptus globulus essential oil, Justicia pectoralis, Magnolia officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Pelargonium sidoides, Pimpinella anisum, Salix sp, Zingiber officinale), and unknown for the rest. On the same grounds, only ibuprofen resulted promising, but we could not find compelling evidence to endorse the use of paracetamol and/or codeine. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that several herbal medicines have safety margins superior to those of reference drugs and enough levels of evidence to start a clinical discussion about their potential use as adjuvants in the treatment of early/mild common flu in otherwise healthy adults within the context of COVID-19. While these herbal medicines will not cure or prevent the flu, they may both improve general patient well-being and offer them an opportunity to personalize the therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dâmaris Silveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jose Maria Prieto-Garcia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Boylan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Omar Estrada
- Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | - Edson Oliveira Pereira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Michal Tomczyk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
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Alabi AO, Ajayi AM, Omorogbe O, Umukoro S. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous extract of blended leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-019-0130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of a blended mixture of dried leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava, a traditional analgesic drug polyherbal (TADP) used as a remedy for pain-related conditions.
Methods
Antinociceptive activity of TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated in the hot plate test and acetic acid-induced nociception in mice while the anti-inflammatory was evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. Levels of nitrite, myeloperoxidase, glutathione and malondialdehyde were assayed in carrageenan-induced paw tissue.
Results
TADP (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly prolong the latency time in the hot-plate test. TADP (100–400 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent significant inhibition of the acetic-acid induced abdominal constriction. The antinociceptive activity of TADP in the presence of naloxone and atropine was not reversed whereas yohimbine and glibenclamide significantly reversed it. TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the swelling in the carrageenan-induced oedema model and also produced a reduction in the nitrite and myeloperoxidase level. TADP (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced malondialdehyde concentration and increase glutathione level in the carrageenan-induced rat paw. TADP significantly decrease the number of cellular infiltrates in the histopathological assessment.
Conclusion
These results indicate that polyherbal product containing blended leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava possess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, hence represents a promising alternative remedy in inflammation-induced pain.
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Ogundipe DJ, Akomolafe RO, Sanusi AA, Imafidon CE, Olukiran OS, Oladele AA. Effects of two weeks administration of Ocimum gratissimum leaf on feeding pattern and markers of renal function in rats treated with gentamicin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dare J. Ogundipe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O. Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Abubarkar A. Sanusi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Christian E. Imafidon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olaoluwa S. Olukiran
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ayowole A. Oladele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Mental and Neurological Disorders in Ghana. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8590381. [PMID: 30671131 PMCID: PMC6317105 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8590381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance Mental and neurological disorders are a serious public health challenge globally, particularly in developing countries where cultural factors and limited access to standard healthcare have led to a reliance on traditional medicines. However, ethnopharmacological characterization of traditional medicines used to treat these diseases is lacking. In this study, an ethnobotanical description of plant species used in treating mental and neurological disorders in Ghana and an update of their experimentally validated pharmacological relevance are provided. Materials and Methods Two hundred herbalists agreed to participate but sixty-six specialized in treating mental and neurological disorders were interviewed on their traditional medical practice. Literature review was conducted to verify the experimentally validated pharmacological importance of the reported plants. Results Thirty-two plant species belonging to twenty-eight families were identified. Most plant species had either analgesic (50%), anxiolytic (18.8%), or anticonvulsant (15.6%) properties. Others had reported sedative, anti-Alzheimer's disease, motor coordination, antipsychotic, antidepressant, cognitive enhancement, and neuroprotective properties. While Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) and Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) were the most commonly mentioned species with analgesic properties, Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) was the most-reported anxiolytic product, with Cymbopogon citratus DC. (Gramineae), Mangifera indica L., Tetrapleura tetraptera Schum Taub. (Fabaceae), and Persea Americana Mill (Lauraceae) being the most studied anticonvulsants. Conclusions This study provides the first report specifically on medicinal plants used in treating mental and neurological disorders in Ghana. Most of the identified plants have been scientifically confirmed to possess neuro- and psychopharmacological properties and may serve as templates for drug development.
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Tomani JCD, Gainkam LOT, Nshutiyayesu S, Mukazayire MJ, Ribeiro SO, Stevigny C, Frederich M, Muganga R, Souopgui J. An ethnobotanical survey and inhibitory effects on NLRP3 inflammasomes/Caspase-1 of herbal recipes' extracts traditionally used in Rwanda for asthma treatment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 227:29-40. [PMID: 30118837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Respiratory diseases and asthma, in particular, are nowadays a global health problem. In Rwanda, some traditional healers claim to treat asthma with plant-based recipes, though there is no scientific proof so far. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aimed at evaluating the toxicity and the anti-inflammatory effect of plant recipes used in Rwanda against asthma in order to select potential candidates for further characterization of the active compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water (aqueous) and methanol-dichloromethane (organic) extracts from selected folkloric recipes were submitted for toxicity test on THP-1 derived macrophages using CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. The evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of the plant extracts was carried out using the Caspase-Glo 1 Inflammasome assay on THP-1 -derived macrophages. RESULTS Most of both organic and aqueous extract showed more than 95% of cell viability up to 200 µg/ml, except for R03Cn organic extract that inhibited 25% of the cell viability. Plant extracts inhibited caspase-1 activation in THP-1 derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Four extracts (R03Cn and R07Kn aqueous extracts, R10MK and R19Sz organic extracts) strongly downregulated the activation of caspase-1 (more than 70% at 50 µg/ml). In general, organic extracts exhibited better caspase-1 inhibitory effects than their aqueous counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of inflammasome/caspase-1 is one of key mechanisms of action in asthma. Some traditional recipes are active on this mechanism and are thus strong candidates for the treatment of asthma and other inflammasome-mediated diseases. Further investigations are needed to characterize active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Claude Didelot Tomani
- University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Kigali, Rwanda; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Laboratory of Embryology and Biotechnology, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Lea Olive Tchouate Gainkam
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Laboratory of Embryology and Biotechnology, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Samuel Nshutiyayesu
- University of Rwanda, College of Science and Technology, School of Science, Department of Biology, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Marie Jeanne Mukazayire
- National Industrial Research and Development Agency, Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries Division, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Sofia Oliveira Ribeiro
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Pharmacy, RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, Campus Plaine CP 205/9, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Stevigny
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Pharmacy, RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, Campus Plaine CP 205/9, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Frederich
- University of Liège, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Liège, Belgium
| | - Raymond Muganga
- University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Laboratory of Embryology and Biotechnology, Gosselies, Belgium.
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Uritu CM, Mihai CT, Stanciu GD, Dodi G, Alexa-Stratulat T, Luca A, Leon-Constantin MM, Stefanescu R, Bild V, Melnic S, Tamba BI. Medicinal Plants of the Family Lamiaceae in Pain Therapy: A Review. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018:7801543. [PMID: 29854039 PMCID: PMC5964621 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7801543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, numerous side effects of synthetic drugs have lead to using medicinal plants as a reliable source of new therapy. Pain is a global public health problem with a high impact on life quality and a huge economic implication, becoming one of the most important enemies in modern medicine. The medicinal use of plants as analgesic or antinociceptive drugs in traditional therapy is estimated to be about 80% of the world population. The Lamiaceae family, one of the most important herbal families, incorporates a wide variety of plants with biological and medical applications. In this study, the analgesic activity, possible active compounds of Lamiaceae genus, and also the possible mechanism of actions of these plants are presented. The data highlighted in this review paper provide valuable scientific information for the specific implications of Lamiaceae plants in pain modulation that might be used for isolation of potentially active compounds from some of these medicinal plants in future and formulation of commercial therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Uritu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cosmin T. Mihai
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Gianina Dodi
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Andrei Luca
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Raluca Stefanescu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Bild
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Silvia Melnic
- Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MD-2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Bogdan I. Tamba
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Ficus hispida Bark Extract Prevents Nociception, Inflammation, and CNS Stimulation in Experimental Animal Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7390359. [PMID: 28491111 PMCID: PMC5405571 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7390359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background. Ficus hispida is traditionally used in the ailment of pain, inflammation, and neurological disorders. The present study set out to evaluate the in vivo antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and sedative activity of the ethanol extract of Ficus hispida bark (EFHB). Methods. The antinociceptive activity of EFHB was evaluated by using acetic acid induced writhing, formalin, hot plate, and tail immersion methods in Swiss albino mice. Its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by using carrageenan and histamine induced rat paw oedema test in Wister rats. The central stimulating activity was studied by using pentobarbital induced hypnosis, hole cross, and open field tests in Swiss albino mice. Results. EFHB demonstrated antinociceptive activity both centrally and peripherally. It showed 62.24% of writhing inhibition. It significantly inhibited licking responses in early (59.29%) and late phase (71.61%). It increased the reaction time to the thermal stimulus in both hot plate and tail immersion. It inhibited the inflammation to the extent of 59.49%. A substantial increase in duration of sleep up to 60.80 min and decrease of locomotion up to 21.70 at 400 mg/kg were also observed. Conclusion. We found significant dose dependent antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties of EFHB in experimental animal models.
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Keziah EA, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Younoussa L, Esimone CO. Creams formulated with Ocimum gratissimum L. and Lantana camara L. crude extracts and fractions as mosquito repellents against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2015; 15:iev025. [PMID: 25881633 PMCID: PMC4535484 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most deadly vectors of parasites that cause diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and filariasis. In view of the recent increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticides, the objective of this study was to determine the repellent activity of creams formulated with methanol crude extract (MCE), hexane fraction (HF), and ethyl acetate fractions (EAFs) of Ocimum gratissimum and Lantana camara leaves in single and combined actions against female Aedes aegypti. Evaluation was carried out in the net cages (30 by 30 by 30 cm) containing 60 blood-starved female mosquitoes each and were assayed in the laboratory condition following World Health Organization 2009 protocol. All formulations (single and mixture) were applied at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/cm(2) in the exposed area of human hands. Only acetone + white soft paraffin served as negative control and odomos (12% DEET) as positive control. All the formulations presented good protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction by the human volunteers. The repellent activity was dependent on the strength of the extracts and fractions. Among the tested formulations, the maximum protection time was observed in MCE (120 min) and EAF (150 min) of O. gratissimum; MCE:MCE (150 min) and HF:HF (120 min) mixtures of both plants. In addition, MCE:MCE and HF:HF mixtures from both plants showed possible synergistic effect. From the results, the combination of O. gratissimum and L. camara to formulate natural mosquito repellent using small amount of extracts can be encouraging to be an alternative to conventional DEET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezeike Amarachi Keziah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Elias Nchiwan Nukenine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | | | - Lame Younoussa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Pandey AK, Singh P, Tripathi NN. Chemistry and bioactivities of essential oils of some Ocimum species: an overview. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Adiko M, Bouttier S, Okpekon TA, Lambert S, Ake-Assi L, Kablan BJ, Champy P. Phytothérapie traditionnelle des conjonctivites en milieu urbain ivoirien : enquête sur les deux marchés aux plantes médicinales d’Abidjan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.864998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Paula-Freire LIG, Andersen ML, Molska GR, Köhn DO, Carlini ELA. Evaluation of the Antinociceptive Activity ofOcimum gratissimumL. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil and its isolated Active Principles in Mice. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1220-4. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. L. Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brazil
| | - G. R. Molska
- Departamento de Psicobiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brazil
| | - D. O. Köhn
- Departamento de Psicobiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brazil
| | - E. L. A. Carlini
- Departamento de Psicobiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brazil
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Pires AF, Madeira SVF, Soares PMG, Montenegro CM, Souza EP, Resende AC, Soares de Moura R, Assreuy AMS, Criddle DN. The role of endothelium in the vasorelaxant effects of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum in aorta and mesenteric vascular bed of rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1380-5. [PMID: 22716233 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effects of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOOG) in aortas and mesenteric vascular beds isolated from rats. EOOG (3-300 µg/mL) relaxed the tonic contractions induced by phenylephrine (0.1 µmol/L) in isolated aortas in a concentration-dependent manner in both endothelium-containing and endothelium-denuded preparations. This effect was partially reversed by L-NAME (100 µmol/L) but not by indomethacin (10 µmol/L) or TEA (5 mmol/L). In mesenteric vascular beds, bolus injections of EOOG (30, 50, 100, and 300 ng) decreased the perfusion pressure induced by noradrenaline (6 µmol/L) in endothelium-intact preparations but not in those treated with deoxycholate. L-NAME (300 µmol/L) but not TEA (1 mmol/L) or indomethacin (3 µmol/L) significantly reduced the vasodilatory response to EOOG at all of the doses tested. Our data showed that EOOG exerts a dose-dependent vasodilatory response in the resistance blood vessels of rat mesenteric vascular beds and in the capacitance blood vessel, the rat aorta. This action is completely dependent on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release in the mesenteric vascular beds but only partially dependent on NO in the aorta. These novel effects of EOOG highlight interesting differences between resistance and capacitance blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana F Pires
- Laboratório de Fisio-Farmacologia da Inflamação - LAFFIN, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Av. Paranjana 1700, 60740-000, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
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Costa RS, Carneiro TCB, Cerqueira-Lima AT, Queiroz NV, Alcântara-Neves NM, Pontes-de-Carvalho LC, Velozo EDS, Oliveira EJ, Figueiredo CA. Ocimum gratissimum Linn. and rosmarinic acid, attenuate eosinophilic airway inflammation in an experimental model of respiratory allergy to Blomia tropicalis. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:126-34. [PMID: 22465960 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma has emerged as an important public health problem of urban populations in developed countries. Very often herbal medicine is used to treat this widespread disease, due to the lack of efficacy and the important side effects related to the classical drugs in use. Along this line, Ocimum gratissimum (Og) is a plant widely used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat inflammatory disorders, such as asthma. In the present study we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of Og and rosmarinic acid (RA, a polyphenolic compound) in a murine model of respiratory allergy induced by the Blomia tropicalis (Bt) mite. The respiratory allergy was induced in A/J mice by administration of Bt extract and the treatment was done using 25, 50 or 100mg/kg of an Og methanolic extract or using 2, 20 or 200mg/kg of RA. We then evaluated the changes induced by these drugs on immunological parameters related to the allergic process, which are up-regulated in this allergic model. The treatment of animals with 100mg/Kg Og and 200mg/Kg RA led to a significant reduction in the numbers of leukocytes/eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); eosinophil peroxidase activity in BAL; presence of mucus in respiratory tract, histopathological changes in the lung, and IL-4 in BAL. These results suggest that the methanolic extract of Og and the polyphenol RA have therapeutic potential in this murine model of respiratory allergy to a clinically relevant human sensitizer allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Santos Costa
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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Loganayaki N, Siddhuraju P, Manian S. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Ammannia baccifera L. (Lythracceae), a folklore medicinal plant. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:230-233. [PMID: 22285520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ammannia baccifera L. has been reported as folklore remedy for the treatment of inflammation and tumor in the state of Rajasthan, India. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of the methanol extract from the aerial parts of Ammannia baccifera under in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was measured using DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema. Analgesic activity of the methanol extract was estimated against acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate methods. RESULTS The IC(50) value for free radical scavenging activity of this extract was significantly superior over the positive standards butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) and rutin. The extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities at the dose of 100 and 200mg/kg p.o. The analgesic effect of the higher dose of the extract (200mg/kg) was comparable with the standard drugs aspirin and morphine. CONCLUSION The present study scientifically validated the traditional use of this plant against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataraj Loganayaki
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TN, India
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Okoli CO, Ezike AC, Agwagah OC, Akah PA. Anticonvulsant and anxiolytic evaluation of leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum, a culinary herb. Pharmacognosy Res 2010; 2:36-40. [PMID: 21808537 PMCID: PMC3140126 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.60580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities of leaf extracts and fraction of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) were studied using seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol and open-field tests in mice. The results showed that the extracts and fraction increased the latency of tonic and tonic-clonic seizures and death and elicited 50% protection against mortality. In the open-field test, the extracts and fraction decreased the frequency of line crossing, center square entries, rearing against a wall and grooming, whereas grooming duration and freezing frequency and duration were increased. Acute toxicity test in mice gave an oral LD(50) greater than 5000 mg/kg for the methanol extract. These findings suggest that extracts of this plant possess anticonvulsant and anxiolytic-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. O. Okoli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka - 410 001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - A. C. Ezike
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka - 410 001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - O. C. Agwagah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka - 410 001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - P. A. Akah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka - 410 001, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Min SS, Han SH, Yee J, Kim C, Seol GH, Im JH, Kim HT, Lee KC, Kim HY, Lee MJ. Antinociceptive Effects of the Essential Oil of Ocimum Basilicum in Mice. Korean J Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2009.22.3.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Seek Min
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Yee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, Korea University College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeung Im
- School of Humanities & Social Sience, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyung Tae Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyu Chang Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungju Hospital, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungju Hospital, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Myeong Jong Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungju Hospital, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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Pires JM, Mendes FR, Negri G, Duarte-Almeida JM, Carlini EA. Antinociceptive peripheral effect of Achillea millefolium
L. and Artemisia vulgaris
L.: both plants known popularly by brand names of analgesic drugs. Phytother Res 2008; 23:212-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Interaminense LFL, Jucá DM, Magalhães PJC, Leal-Cardoso JH, Duarte GP, Lahlou S. Pharmacological evidence of calcium-channel blockade by essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum and its main constituent, eugenol, in isolated aortic rings from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2008; 21:497-506. [PMID: 17868202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous (i.v.) treatment of conscious DOCA-salt hypertensive rats with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Labiatae) (EOOG) induced a hypotensive effect that seems related to an active vascular relaxation rather than withdrawal of sympathetic tone. To corroborate this hypothesis, the present study examined the vascular effects of EOOG and its main constituent, eugenol (EUG) and the putative mechanisms underlying these effects. Additionally, the role of the vascular beta(2)-adrenergic mechanism in the mediation of EOOG-induced hypotension has also been investigated. In conscious DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, the EOOG-induced hypotension was reversible and remained unchanged by i.v. pretreatment with propranolol (2 mg/kg). In isolated aorta preparations with intact endothelium from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, EOOG (1-1000 microg/mL) and EUG (0.006-6 mM) relaxed the phenylephrine-induced contraction similarly with IC(50) [geometric mean (95% confidence interval)] values of 226.9 (147.8-348.3) microg/mL and 1.2 (0.6-2.1) mm, respectively. Vasorelaxant effects of EOOG were significantly altered by removal of the vascular endothelium [IC(50) = 417.2 (349.5-497.8) microg/mL]. In a calcium-free medium, the CaCl(2)-induced contractions were significantly reduced and even abolished by EOOG at 300 and 1000 microg/mL, respectively, whereas EOOG (1000 microg/mL) did not have any significant effect on caffeine-induced contractions. Similar results were obtained with EUG (1.8 and 6 mM) on both CaCl(2)- and caffeine-induced contractions, respectively. The data suggest that hypotensive responses to EOOG in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats are due to an active vascular relaxation, which is partly dependent upon the integrity of the vascular endothelium and seems predominantly mediated through an inhibition of plasmalemmal Ca(2+) influx rather than Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/administration & dosage
- Calcium Channel Blockers/isolation & purification
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Desoxycorticosterone
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Eugenol/administration & dosage
- Eugenol/isolation & purification
- Eugenol/pharmacology
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Injections, Intravenous
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Ocimum/chemistry
- Oils, Volatile/administration & dosage
- Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification
- Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
- Phytotherapy
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Sodium Chloride, Dietary
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Interaminense LFL, Jucá DM, Magalhães PJC, Leal-Cardoso JH, Duarte GP, Lahlou S. Pharmacological evidence of calcium-channel blockade by essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum and its main constituent, eugenol, in isolated aortic rings from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2007.00514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Selvakkumar C, Gayathri B, Vinaykumar KS, Lakshmi BS, Balakrishnan A. Potential Anti-inflammatory Properties of Crude Alcoholic Extract of Ocimum basilicum L. in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.53.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Freire CMM, Marques MOM, Costa M. Effects of seasonal variation on the central nervous system activity of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 105:161-6. [PMID: 16303272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) and other species of the same genus are used as medicines to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases, commonly encountered in warm regions of the world. The chemical composition of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil varies according to their chemotypes: timol, eugenol or geraniol. In this study, the essential oil type eugenol was extracted by hydrodistillation in each of the four seasons of the year. Activity upon CNS was evaluated in the open-field and rota-rod tests; sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital (PBS, 40 mg/kg, intra-peritoneally, i.p.) and anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by both pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 85 mg/kg, s.c.) and maximal electroshock (MES, 50 mA, 0.11 s) were determined. Essential oils obtained in each season were effective in increasing the sleeping duration and a preparation obtained in Spring was able to protect animals against tonic seizures induced by electroshock. In each season, eugenol and 1,8-cineole were the most abundant compounds, and in Spring the essential oil presented the greatest relative percentage of sesquiterpenes, suggesting that these compounds could explain the differences observed in the biological activity in essential oils obtained in different seasons of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana M Murbach Freire
- UNESP-São Paulo State University, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Caixa Postal 510, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lino CS, Gomes PB, Lucetti DL, Diógenes JPL, Sousa FCF, Silva MGV, Viana GSB. Evaluation of antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of the essential oil (EO) ofOcimum micranthum Willd. from Northeastern Brazil. Phytother Res 2005; 19:708-12. [PMID: 16177975 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The EO of Ocimum micranthum was studied for a possible analgesic effect on the acetic acid induced writhing and formalin test in mice and antioedema activities on the carrageenan and dextran induced paw oedema in rats. The EO demonstrated antinociceptive effects, and pretreatment with naloxone did not reverse the antinociception, indicating that the opioid system is not involved. On the other hand, pretreatment with L-arginine (L-arg) reversed the antinociception, suggesting involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) system. The EO did not present an antioedematogenic effect in the carrageenan and dextran models.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Lino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60430-270 Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
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Current awareness in flavour and fragrance. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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