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Elsayed HRH, Ali EMT, Rabei MR, El Nashar EM, Alghamdi MA, Al-Zahrani NS, Alshehri SH, Aldahhan RA, Morsy AI. Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockade attenuates the neuropathological changes in the spinal cords of diabetic rats with modulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/ heme oxygenase 1 system. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102420. [PMID: 38795506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral and central neuropathies frequently complicate worldwide diabetes. Compared to peripheral neuropathy, central neuropathy didn`t gain a major research interest. Angiotensin II is reported to be involved in diabetic neuropathic pain but its role in the central pathological changes in the spinal cord is not clear. Here, we study the role of Losartan; an Angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1) antagonist in suppression of the diabetes-induced changes in the spinal cord. Three groups of rats were applied; a negative control group, a streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic group, and a group receiving STZ and Losartan. After two months, the pathological alteration in the spinal cord was investigated, and an immunohistochemical study was performed for neuronal, astrocytic, and microglial markers; nuclear protein (NeuN), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), respectively, and for an apoptosis marker; caspase-3, and the inflammatory marker; nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); physiological antioxidant system. The results showed that Losartan caused recovery of spinal cord changes, by inhibiting the microglial and astrocytic activation, suppressing neuronal apoptosis and NF-kB expression with activation of Nrf2/HO-1 (P<0.0005). It is suggested, herein, that Losartan can suppress diabetes-induced glial activation, inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the spinal cord; the mechanisms that may underlie the role of AT1 antagonism in suppressing diabetic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Reda Hassan Elsayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman.
| | - Eyad Mohamed Tolba Ali
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rami Rabei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ibn Sina University for Medical Sciences, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, The Center for Medical and Health Research, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Saeed Al-Zahrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker Hassan Alshehri
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid A Aldahhan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Ibrahim Morsy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Quiney L, Stewart J, Routh J, Dyson S. Gross post-mortem and histological features in 27 horses with confirmed lumbosacral region pain and five control horses: A descriptive cadaveric study. Equine Vet J 2021; 54:726-739. [PMID: 34118082 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of understanding of the pathological and/or physiological nature of lumbosacral region pain. OBJECTIVES To describe the gross variations of the osseous and soft tissues of the lumbosacral region and report the histological findings of sections of nerve tissue in affected and control horses. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive post-mortem case series. METHODS All horses had undergone full clinical and gait assessment, including ridden exercise. Horses with a substantial response to infiltration of local anaesthetic solution around the sacroiliac joint regions were included in the affected group (n = 27). Horses for which the source(s) of pain was confirmed by diagnostic anaesthesia to be distant to the lumbosacral region were included in the control group (n = 5). The pelvic regions were isolated and the soft tissues were assessed grossly. Sections of the lumbosacral plexus and cranial gluteal, sciatic and obturator nerves were examined histologically. The osseous specimens were evaluated for anatomical variants and abnormalities. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Gross discolouration of the sciatic or obturator nerves was observed in 7 (26%) affected and no control horses. Grade 3/3 histological abnormality scores were assigned in 22% of nerve sections from affected horses compared with 3% from control horses. Several osseous variants (bifid sacral spinous processes, straight-shaped sacroiliac joint surface, short arrow-shaped sacral alae, left-right asymmetry of sacral alae, sacral curvature, absence of the fourth to fifth and ankylosis of the fifth to sixth lumbar articular process joints, left-right asymmetry of caudocranial position of the fourth to fifth and lumbar-sacral articular process joints) and abnormalities (sacroiliac enthesopathy, extra ventral sacroiliac joint surface, lumbosacral symphyseal periarticular modelling, lumbosacral intertransverse joint pitting lesions) were more frequently observed in affected horses. MAIN LIMITATIONS Both control and affected horses may have had preclinical abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Lumbosacral region pain may reflect the presence of a number of pathological changes. Neural pain may play an important role in some horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Quiney
- Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - Jennifer Stewart
- Centre for Preventative Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - Jennifer Routh
- Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - Sue Dyson
- Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
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Bradley AE, Bolon B, Butt MT, Cramer SD, Czasch S, Garman RH, George C, Gröters S, Kaufmann W, Kovi RC, Krinke G, Little PB, Narama I, Rao DB, Sharma AK, Shibutani M, Sills R. Proliferative and Nonproliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems: New and Revised INHAND Terms. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:827-844. [PMID: 32912053 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320951154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Harmonization of diagnostic terminology used during the histopathologic analysis of rodent tissue sections from nonclinical toxicity studies will improve the consistency of data sets produced by laboratories located around the world. The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a cooperative enterprise of 4 major societies of toxicologic pathology to develop a globally accepted standard vocabulary for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in rodents. A prior manuscript (Toxicol Pathol 2012;40[4 Suppl]:87S-157S) defined multiple diagnostic terms for toxicant-induced lesions, common spontaneous and age-related changes, and principal confounding artifacts in the rat and mouse central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The current article defines 9 new diagnostic terms and updates 2 previous terms for findings in the rodent CNS and PNS, the need for which has become evident in the years since the publication of the initial INHAND nomenclature for findings in rodent neural tissues. The nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the Internet at the goRENI website (http://www.goreni.org/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alys E Bradley
- 57146Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd., Tranent, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark T Butt
- Tox Path Specialists, LLC, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Robert H Garman
- Consultants in Veterinary Pathology, Inc., Murrysville, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ramesh C Kovi
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories (EPL), Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,National Toxicology Program (NTP), US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Peter B Little
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories (EPL), Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Isao Narama
- 92109BioSafety Research Center, Inc. (BSRC), Iwata, Japan
| | - Deepa B Rao
- Tox Path Specialists, LLC, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Makoto Shibutani
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Sills
- National Toxicology Program (NTP), US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Nelissen S, Lensen J, Barale-Thomas E. Unusual Incidence and Location of Renaut Bodies in Beagle Dogs in a Nonclinical Study. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:524-528. [PMID: 32202467 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319896256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We identified the presence of Renaut bodies in an unusual location in Beagle dogs on a 3-month nonclinical toxicity study. These peculiar structures are commonly reported as a background finding in the sciatic nerve of dogs. In our study, however, they were also observed in autonomic nerves surrounding the adrenal gland, a location in which they have not been reported before. The incidence in both locations were 8 of 32 Beagle dogs in the sciatic nerve and 6 of 40 Beagle dogs around the adrenal gland in the dosing and/or recovery phases of the study.
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Weber K, Weber F, Longo M, Okazaki Y, Warfving N, Pardo ID, Bolon B, Krinke GJ. Case Report: Canine Strain– and Study Condition–Dependent Formation of Renaut Bodies in Sciatic Nerves of Beagle Dogs. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 48:244-252. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623319850824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two beagle dog strains were used in a 14-day intrathecal infusion study for a small molecule test article. A moderate number of Renaut bodies (RBs) were observed in the sciatic nerves of control and test article–treated adult animals as early as 1 day after test article infusion (ie, 5 days after catheter implantation in the lumbar cistern). In most cases, the sciatic nerve was affected unilaterally, apparently in association with extended lateral recumbency on one side. The lighter beagle strain (Marshall), and especially the females (which weighed less than age-matched Marshall males), developed more RBs. In contrast, neither females nor males of the larger strain (Harlan) developed any nerve lesions. These data support the hypothesis that RBs develop following mechanical stress to sciatic nerves, suggest that this change may develop fairly quickly following an insult, and demonstrate that different dog strains exhibit strain-specific nerve changes.
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6
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Ohfuji S. Renaut bodies in the hind limb nerves of cattle with downer cow syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Henry FP, Wang Y, Rodriguez CLR, Randolph MA, Rust EAZ, Winograd JM, de Boer JF, Park BH. In vivo optical microscopy of peripheral nerve myelination with polarization sensitive-optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:046002. [PMID: 25858593 PMCID: PMC4392067 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.4.046002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Assessing nerve integrity and myelination after injury is necessary to provide insight for treatment strategies aimed at restoring neuromuscular function. Currently, this is largely done with electrical analysis, which lacks direct quantitative information. In vivo optical imaging with sufficient imaging depth and resolution could be used to assess the nerve microarchitecture. In this study, we examine the use of polarization sensitive-optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) to quantitatively assess the sciatic nerve microenvironment through measurements of birefringence after applying a nerve crush injury in a rat model. Initial loss of function and subsequent recovery were demonstrated by calculating the sciatic function index (SFI). We found that the PS-OCT phase retardation slope, which is proportional to birefringence, increased monotonically with the SFI. Additionally, histomorphometric analysis of the myelin thickness and g-ratio shows that the PS-OCT slope is a good indicator of myelin health and recovery after injury. These results demonstrate that PS-OCT is capable of providing nondestructive and quantitative assessment of nerve health after injury and shows promise for continued use both clinically and experimentally in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis P. Henry
- Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, No. 15 Parkman Street, WACC 435, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- University of California, Department of Bioengineering, Bourns A247, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Carissa L. R. Rodriguez
- University of California, Department of Bioengineering, Bourns A247, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Mark A. Randolph
- Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, No. 15 Parkman Street, WACC 435, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Esther A. Z. Rust
- Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, No. 15 Parkman Street, WACC 435, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Winograd
- Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, No. 15 Parkman Street, WACC 435, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Johannes F. de Boer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - B. Hyle Park
- University of California, Department of Bioengineering, Bourns A247, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Piña-Oviedo S, Del Valle L, Baquera-Heredia J, Ortiz-Hidalgo C. Immunohistochemical characterization of Renaut bodies in superficial digital nerves: further evidence supporting their perineurial cell origin. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2009; 14:22-6. [PMID: 19335536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2009.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Renaut bodies are well-demarcated cylindrical (circular in cross section) hyaline structures attached to the inner layer of the perineurium that can be found in normal and pathological nerves of various animals and humans. They are composed of spidery fibroblasts and perineurial cells immersed in an extracellular matrix that contains randomly oriented collagen fibers and elastin precursors but not axons or Schwann cells. Frequently, they are associated with thickened subperineurial capillaries. As Renaut bodies are mainly located at sites of nerve compression, it is hypothesized they may act as 'protective cushions' for endoneurial components, and that they may be formed as a secondary reaction to trauma. Herein, we report the presence of Renaut bodies within numerous small dermal nerve trunks in an amputated finger. By immunohistochemistry, Renaut bodies expressed markers identical to those of perineurial cells (epithelial membrane antigen, Glut-1, and claudin-1), supporting the concept of a closely associated perineurial but not endoneurial origin. In addition, expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (which has been shown to increase Glut-1 transcription), neurofibromatosis 1 gene related product and NF-2, were also detected in these peripheral nerve structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Piña-Oviedo
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuropathology Core, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ozkan N, Kayaoglu HA, Ersoy OF, Celik A, Kurt GS, Arabaci E. Effects of two different meshes used in hernia repair on nerve transport. J Am Coll Surg 2008; 207:670-5. [PMID: 18954778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the effects of two different types of mesh used in hernia repair on nerve transport and neural injury. STUDY DESIGN Forty-five Wistar-albino rats were randomly allocated to three groups. Basal neural transport on the index of the left sciatic nerve was performed in all groups before surgery. In the control group, only sciatic nerve manipulation was performed. Other groups received a cuff around the index sciatic nerve. The second group received a monofilament polypropylene and the third group received a polytetrafluoroethylene mesh. Effects of entrapment on neural transport were evaluated by electromyography on the 28th day. Tissue samples from sciatic nerves were taken for evaluation of nerve injury. RESULTS There was no significant difference between basal latency and amplitudes (p=0.609 and p=0.152, respectively). But latency was significantly different 4 weeks after the operation (p < 0.0001). At post hoc evaluation, entrapment groups had longer latency times compared with those in the control group (p=0.006 and p < 0.0001, respectively). But the increase in latency between entrapment arms was similar on the 28th day (p=0.601). Both initial and late term amplitudes were similar (p=0.364 and 0.913, respectively). Histologic evaluation by Masson's trichrome staining revealed high fibrosis scores and increased collagen deposits, especially in the polypropylene group (p < 0.0001), and increased inflammation in the polytetrafluoroethylene group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the two most commonly used meshes in tension-free hernia surgery have different effects on nerve physiology and morphology. We concluded that alterations in nerve physiomorphology are from the properties of the mesh and may be the source of postoperative pain in hernia surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namik Ozkan
- Department of General Surgery, Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
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Thil MA, Vince V, Veraart C, Delbeke J, Colin IM. Nitric oxide synthases II and III and vascular endothelial growth factor are up-regulated in sciatic nerve after spiral cuff electrode implantation. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 166:158-66. [PMID: 16038988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nerve cuff electrodes, commonly used in functional electrical stimulation systems, induce local morphological changes that can affect nerve functionality. Nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have both neural and vascular effects. We investigated the time-dependent regulation of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and of VEGF after implantation of spiral cuff electrode around rat sciatic nerve. NOSIII as well as VEGF were up-regulated in both epineurial and endoneurial compartments in cuff-implanted animals along with microvascular changes. Our results suggest that VEGF and NO are implied in morphological and functional alterations occurring in the early time after cuff implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anne Thil
- Laboratoire de Génie de la Réabilitation Neurale, Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Prinz RAD, Nakamura-Pereira M, De-Ary-Pires B, Fernandes D, Fabião-Gomes BDSV, Martinez AMB, de Ary-Pires R, Pires-Neto MA. Axonal and extracellular matrix responses to experimental chronic nerve entrapment. Brain Res 2005; 1044:164-75. [PMID: 15885215 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Revised: 02/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed the ultrastructural and histopathological changes that occur during experimental chronic nerve entrapment, as well as the immunohistochemical expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). Adult hamsters (n = 30) were anesthetized and received a cuff around the right sciatic nerve. Animals survived for varying times (5 to 15 weeks) being thereafter perfused transcardially with fixative solutions either for immunohistochemical or electron microscopic procedures. Experimental nerves were dissected based upon the site of compression (proximal, entrapment and distal). CSPG overexpression was detected in the compressed nerve segment and associated with an increase in perineurial and endoneurial cells. Ultrastructural changes and data from semithin sections were analyzed both in control and compressed nerves. We have observed endoneurial edema, perineurial and endoneurial thickening, and whorled cell-sparse pathological structures (Renaut bodies) in the compressed nerves. Morphometrical analyses of myelinated axons at the compression sites revealed: (a) a reduction both in axon sectional area (up to 30%) and in myelin sectional area (up to 80%); (b) an increase in number of small axons (up to 60%) comparatively to the control group. Distal segment of compressed nerves presented: (a) a reduction in axon sectional area (up to 60%) and in myelin sectional area (up to 90%); (b) a decrease in axon number (up to 40%) comparatively to the control data. In conclusion, we have shown that nerve entrapment is associated with a local intraneural increase in CSPG expression, segmental demyelination, perineurial and endoneurial fibrosis, and other histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Augusto Dantas Prinz
- Departamento de Anatomia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco F, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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