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Civiero M, Delagarde R, Berndt A, Rosseto J, de Souza MN, Schaitz LH, Ribeiro-Filho HMN. Progressive inclusion of pearl millet herbage as a supplement for dairy cows fed mixed rations: Effects on methane emissions, dry matter intake, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2956-2965. [PMID: 33358791 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of grazing in dairy feeding systems can improve animal welfare and reduce feed costs and labor for animal care and manure management. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of including pearl millet herbage (Pennisetum glaucum 'Campeiro') as a supplement for dairy cows fed total mixed rations (TMR). The treatments included 100% TMR offered ad libitum (control, TMR100), 75% TMR ad libitum intake + access to grazing of a pearl millet pasture between the morning and afternoon milkings (7 h/d; pTMR75), and 50% TMR ad libitum intake + access to grazing of a pearl millet pasture between the morning and afternoon milkings (7 h/d; pTMR50). Nine multiparous Holstein and F1 Jersey × Holstein cows were distributed in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods of 21 d (a 16-d adaptation period and a 5-d measurement period). Cows in the TMR75 and TMR50 groups strip-grazed a pearl millet pasture with pre- and postgrazing sward height targets of 60 and 30 cm, respectively. The herbage dry matter intake (DMI) increased with decreasing mixed ration supplies, and the total DMI decreased linearly from 19.0 kg/d in the TMR100 group to 18.0 kg/d in the pTMR50 group. Milk production decreased linearly from 24.0 kg/d in the TMR100 group to 22.4 kg/d in the pTMR50 group, and energy-corrected milk (ECM) production decreased linearly from 26.0 kg/d to 23.6 kg/d. Enteric methane (CH4) emissions decreased linearly from 540 g/d in the TMR100 group to 436 g/d in the pTMR50 group, and CH4 yields (g/kg of DMI) tended to decrease linearly. The CH4 intensity was similar between treatments, averaging 20 g of CH4/kg of ECM. The inclusion of pearl millet herbage in the dairy cow diets decreased the total DMI and milk production to a small extent without affecting CH4 intensity (g/kg of ECM).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Civiero
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, Brazil 88520-000
| | - R Delagarde
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, Physiologie, Environnement, Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage, 16 Le Clos, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - A Berndt
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, Brazil 13560-970
| | - Jusiane Rosseto
- Departamento de Plantas Forrageiras e Agrometeorologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 91540-000
| | - M N de Souza
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, Brazil 88520-000
| | - L H Schaitz
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, Brazil 88520-000
| | - H M N Ribeiro-Filho
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, Brazil 88520-000.
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Szymczak LS, de Moraes A, Sulc RM, Monteiro ALG, Lang CR, Moraes RF, da Silva DFF, Bremm C, de Faccio Carvalho PC. Tall fescue sward structure affects the grazing process of sheep. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11786. [PMID: 32678270 PMCID: PMC7366922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of factors influencing animal intake can provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the pasture ecosystem and serve as a basis for managing livestock in a more efficient way. We measured different sward surface heights of tall fescue in the process of short-term intake rate of sheep. There was a significant effect of sward surface height on herbage mass (P < 0.001), leaf lamina mass (P < 0.001), other species mass (P = 0.02), bite mass (P = 0.01) and short-term intake rate (P = 0.03) of sheep. There was a quadratic fit between time per bite and bite mass (P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that the short-term intake rate and bite mass were positively correlated (r = 0.97), bite rate and total jaw movement rate were positively correlated but both were negatively correlated with time per bite. The sward surface height of tall fescue corresponding to the maximum short-term herbage intake rate was 22.3 cm. The underlying processes were driven by the bite mass, which was influenced by the leaf lamina bulk density and its consequences upon time per bite. This sward surface height can be adopted as a pre-grazing target for rotational stocking systems to optimize sheep nutrition on pastures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Silvestri Szymczak
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, Curitiba, Paraná, 80035-050, Brazil.
| | - Anibal de Moraes
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, Curitiba, Paraná, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Reuben Mark Sulc
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210-1086, USA
| | - Alda Lucia Gomes Monteiro
- Departament of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, Curitiba, Paraná, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Claudete R Lang
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, Curitiba, Paraná, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Renata Francieli Moraes
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, Curitiba, Paraná, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Delma Fabiola Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, Curitiba, Paraná, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bremm
- Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretary of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Gonçalves Dias 570, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90130060, Brazil
| | - Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho
- Department of Forage Plants and Agrometeorology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 7712, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
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MELO JC, ALEXANDRINO E, PAULA NETO JJD, REZENDE JMD, SILVA AAM, SILVA DVD, OLIVEIRA AKR. Comportamento ingestivo de bovinos em capim-piatã sob lotação intermitente em resposta a distintas alturas de entrada. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402016000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O conhecimento da interface planta/animal no ecossistema pastagem é de fundamental importância quando se busca maximizar o desempenho produtivo do sistema. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se verificar se a altura de entrada em capim-piatã (30, 40 e 50cm) interfere na qualidade da forragem, comportamento ingestivo, padrões de deslocamento e uso de estações alimentares de bovinos em duas condições de tempo, o pré-pastejo (zero dias de pastejo) e o pós-pastejo (sete dias de pastejo). As avaliações foram realizadas no período de 06h:30m as 18h:20m, no segundo e quarto ciclos de pastejo com animais que apresentavam 16 meses de idade e 239,8±25,7kg de PV. As alturas de entrada não alteraram o comportamento ingestivo, mas houve efeito para a condição do pasto (pré e pós-pastejo). O número de intervalo de refeições foi maior aos 30cm e menor no pré-pastejo. A maior taxa de bocados foi aos 30cm e a menor aos 40cm, enquanto que, a redução da TB aos 50cm em relação aos 30cm reflete à dificuldade de manipular bocados. No pré-pastejo, maior número de estações por minuto foi verificada aos 40cm, enquanto no pós-pastejo foi aos 50cm. No pré-pastejo houve redução do tempo por refeição em relação ao pós-pastejo, refletindo a melhor estrutura do pasto nessa condição. A altura de entrada não alterou o comportamento ingestivo, entretanto, o tempo de pastejo modifica o comportamento ingestivo o padrão de deslocamento, busca e apreensão de forragem pelos animais, principalmente na condição pós-pastejo aos 50cm.
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Mezzalira JC, De Faccio Carvalho PC, Fonseca L, Bremm C, Cangiano C, Gonda HL, Laca EA. Behavioural mechanisms of intake rate by heifers grazing swards of contrasting structures. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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