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Sampaio GCL, Ribeiro JR, de Almeida CN, Boa-Sorte N, Galvão-Castro B, Grassi MFR, Nunes Sá K, Dias CMCC. Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Global Prevalence Associated with the Human Development Index: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023; 39:145-165. [PMID: 36571250 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012, the number of people infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was estimated to be 10 million worldwide. Prevalence varies according to geographic location, ethnic factors, sex, age, populations exposed to risk factors, income, and education, reaching countries with the worst socioeconomic scenarios. There is a need to determine the current global prevalence of HTLV-1 and examine its association with countries' human development index (HDI) to provide data for global health policy. Systematic review with meta-analysis is according to PRISMA 2020 recommendations. It was registered at PROSPERO, CRD42021223146. Prevalence or cross-sectional studies of HTLV-1 infection with at least 100 participants, screening, and confirmatory serologic testing were included. Studies with incomplete or unavailable results or with duplicate information were excluded. Data were selected by two independent investigators and analyzed using R software, a metapackage that generated the forest plots [95% confidence interval (CI)]. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and funnel plot asymmetry was assessed using Egger's test. Countries were compared using an HDI cutoff ≥0.8. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria. The overall prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was 0.91% (95% CI: 0.80-1.02, p < .0001) and was higher in low HDI countries [1.18% (95% CI: 1.03-1.34)] than in high HDI countries [0.41% (95% CI: 0.27-0.57)]. Prevalence varied according to the populations studied: it was higher in the general population [1.65% (95% CI: 1.08-2.34)] compared to pregnant women [0.34% (95% CI: 0.17-0.57)] and blood donors [0.04% (95% CI: 0.01-0.08)]. Consistently, prevalence for each population group was higher in low HDI countries than in high HDI countries. The worldwide prevalence of HTLV-1 infection is highly heterogeneous, with a global prevalence of 0.91%. In high HDI countries, the observed prevalence is approximately three times lower than in low HDI countries. In the general population, the observed prevalence is about 5 times higher than in pregnant women and 41 times higher than in blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Castor Lins Sampaio
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ramos Ribeiro
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ney Boa-Sorte
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil.,Health Technology Assessment Unit, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Galvão-Castro
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil.,Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil.,Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Katia Nunes Sá
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil
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Andrade de Sousa B, Dos Santos LV, Oliveira TR, Dias AL, Araújo da Costa C, Medeiros Sousa RC, de Sousa MS, Xavier MB. Dermatological manifestations in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus at a reference service in Amazon. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:953-960. [PMID: 30888053 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals infected with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) commonly present skin lesions, which may be a warning sign for the diagnosis of infection. This study describes the most prevalent skin manifestations in HTLV carriers attended at the clinic of Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT) of the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) in Belém, Pará, Brazil. METHODS This is a study of a series of cases of patients infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) treated at NMT UFPA between 1999 and 2016. A descriptive analysis of data was applied. RESULTS Among 788 surveyed medical records in the service, 15.10% (n = 119) were referred to the dermatology clinic. From the series of cases that presented with skin lesions, 66.39% were female and 33.61% were male, and the average age of this group was 48 years. There was a predominance of patients with noninfectious inflammatory manifestations (64.2%), followed by infectious ones (24.6%), and 1.58% with lymphoproliferative diseases. As for the group of lesions, 45.26% of the erythematous-squamous type were observed, followed by dyschromia (24.21%), and eczematous (14.74%). One patient with a diagnosis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, another with parapsoriasis, and four with infective dermatitis are highlighted. CONCLUSION Skin disorders in the HLTV positive patient are important causes of referral to the dermatologist with etiological and skin lesions groups diversity. In the series of cases studied, lymphoproliferatives diseases and infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 were presented as a challenge for the diagnosis and clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brena Andrade de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará and Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Research Laboratory on Skin diseases of Sanitary Interest, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Laisa V Dos Santos
- Medicine course, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Tamires R Oliveira
- Medicine course, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Aline L Dias
- Medicine course, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Araújo da Costa
- Research Laboratory in Tropical Dermatology and Endemic Diseases, Nucleus of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rita C Medeiros Sousa
- Research Laboratory in Tropical Dermatology and Endemic Diseases, Nucleus of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maisa S de Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nucleus of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marília B Xavier
- Research Laboratory on Skin diseases of Sanitary Interest, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Research Laboratory in Tropical Dermatology and Endemic Diseases, Nucleus of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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