1
|
Furtado-Alle L, Tureck LV, de Oliveira CS, Hortega JVM, Souza RLR. Butyrylcholinesterase and lipid metabolism: Possible dual role in metabolic disorders. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110680. [PMID: 37634560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), an enzyme primarily found in the liver, plasma, and brain, has been recognized for its role in the hydrolysis of choline esters. Recent studies have shed light on its involvement in lipid metabolism, revealing its potential as a crucial player in maintaining lipid homeostasis. However, the interactions between external factors and BChE activity in lipid metabolic pathways remain a complex subject of study. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding BChE activity and lipid metabolism and seeks to clarify the nature of this relationship as causal or consequential. Evidence supports the role of BChE in energy homeostasis disruption, such as obesity and related metabolic disorders, where it exhibits lipolytic activity and mediates fatty acid use and storage. The unexpected functions of BChE in lipoprotein synthesis and the impact of polymorphic variants of the BCHE gene suggest a central role in lipid metabolism; however, further investigation is needed to confirm and describe these functions, especially considering the metabolic context. Furthermore, exploring therapeutic interventions in lipid metabolism disorders contributes to elucidating their implications on BChE activity, but attention to the metabolic status and genotypes as possible factors in this interaction is needed. In summary, further research in this field holds promise for improving our understanding of the complex interplay between BChE and lipid metabolism, and its potential clinical applications. However, the available data corroborate the dual role of BChE activity, both as a critical responsive element to metabolic challenges and as a predisposition factor to metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciane V Tureck
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina S de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - João V M Hortega
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L R Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali JS, Saleem H, Mannan A, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF, Locatelli M, Abidin SAZ, Ahemad N, Zia M. Metabolic fingerprinting, antioxidant characterization, and enzyme-inhibitory response of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. extracts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:313. [PMID: 33066787 PMCID: PMC7568377 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical and plant-based products allow for the isolation of active constituents against a number of maladies. Monotheca buxifolia is used by local communities due to its digestive and laxative properties, as well as its ability to cure liver, kidney, and urinary diseases. There is a need to explore the biological activities and chemical constituents of this medicinal plant. METHODS In this work, the biochemical potential of M. buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC was explored and linked with its biological activities. Methanol and chloroform extracts from leaves and stems were investigated for total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was used to determine secondary-metabolite composition, while high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) was used for polyphenolic quantification. In addition, we carried out in vitro assays to determine antioxidant potential and the enzyme-inhibitory response of M. buxifolia extracts. RESULTS Phenolics (91 mg gallic-acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and flavonoids (48.86 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) exhibited their highest concentration in the methanol extract of stems and the chloroform extract of leaves, respectively. UHPLC-MS analysis identified a number of important phytochemicals, belonging to the flavonoid, phenolic, alkaloid, and terpenoid classes of secondary metabolites. The methanol extract of leaves contained a diosgenin derivative and polygalacin D, while kaempferol and robinin were most abundant in the chloroform extract. The methanol extract of stems contained a greater peak area for diosgenin and kaempferol, whereas this was true for lucidumol A and 3-O-cis-coumaroyl maslinic acid in the chloroform extract. Rutin, epicatechin, and catechin were the main phenolics identified by HPLC-PDA analysis. The methanol extract of stems exhibited significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical-scavenging activities (145.18 and 279.04 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, respectively). The maximum cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) (361.4 mg TE/g), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (247.19 mg TE/g), and total antioxidant potential (2.75 mmol TE/g) were depicted by the methanol extract of stems. The methanol extract of leaves exhibited stronger inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glucosidase, while the chloroform extract of stems was most active against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (4.27 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g). Similarly, the highest tyrosinase (140 mg kojic-acid equivalent (KAE)/g) and amylase (0.67 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g) inhibition was observed for the methanol extract of stems. CONCLUSIONS UHPLC-MS analysis and HPLC-PDA quantification identified a number of bioactive secondary metabolites of M. buxifolia, which may be responsible for its antioxidant potential and enzyme-inhibitory response. M. buxifolia can be further explored for the isolation of its active components to be used as a drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joham Sarfraz Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Saleem
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Mannan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Abbottabad campus Abbottabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus/Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometery (LCMS) Platform, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
dos Santos W, Tureck LV, Saliba LF, Schenknecht CS, Scaraboto D, Souza RLR, Furtado-Alle L. Effects of energetic restriction diet on butyrylcholinesterase in obese women from southern Brazil - A longitudinal study. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:484-489. [PMID: 28658346 PMCID: PMC10522251 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity has been associated with obesity, lipid concentrations, and CHE2 locus phenotypes. This, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an energetic restriction diet intervention on anthropometrical and biochemical variables and on absolute and relative BChE activity in CHE2 C5+ and CHE2 C5- individuals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred eleven premenopausal obese women from Southern Brazil participated in an energetic restriction diet intervention (deficit of 2500 kJ/day) for 8 weeks. Their anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention. Plasma BChE activity was measured, and BChE bands in plasma and CHE2 locus phenotypes were detected by electrophoresis. RESULTS The dietetic intervention decreased anthropometric and biochemical parameters as well as absolute BChE activity and relative activity of the G4 band. The CHE2 C5+ phenotype presented a different effect when compared with the CHE2 C5- phenotype. The CHE2 C5+ phenotype showed an effect in absolute BChE activity and in the relative activity of the G4 form, maintaining higher BChE activity regardless of the metabolic changes. CONCLUSION In our study, 8 weeks was not sufficient time to lower the body mass index to normal, but it was enough to significantly reduce the absolute BChE activity, which became similar to the levels in nonobese individuals. CHE2 C5+ individuals were resistant to the decrease in BChE activity compared to CHE2 C5- individuals. This shows that the diet did not affect the CHE2 and G4 fraction complex and that the products of the CHE2 locus in association with BChE have a role in energy metabolism, maintaining high levels of enzymatic activity even after dietary intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willian dos Santos
- Laboratório de Polimorfismos e LigaçãoDepartamento de GenéticaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaPRBrasilLaboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Luciane Viater Tureck
- Laboratório de Polimorfismos e LigaçãoDepartamento de GenéticaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaPRBrasilLaboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Departamento de EducaçãoUniversidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáCuritibaPRBrasilDepartamento de Educação, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Louise Farah Saliba
- Laboratório de Polimorfismos e LigaçãoDepartamento de GenéticaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaPRBrasilLaboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Caroline Schovanz Schenknecht
- Laboratório de Polimorfismos e LigaçãoDepartamento de GenéticaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaPRBrasilLaboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Débora Scaraboto
- Laboratório de Polimorfismos e LigaçãoDepartamento de GenéticaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaPRBrasilLaboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Lehtonen R. Souza
- Laboratório de Polimorfismos e LigaçãoDepartamento de GenéticaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaPRBrasilLaboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Laboratório de Polimorfismos e LigaçãoDepartamento de GenéticaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaPRBrasilLaboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oliveira JD, Tureck LV, Santos WD, Saliba LF, Schenknecht CS, Scaraboto D, Souza RLR, Furtado-Alle L. Effect of BCHE single nucleotide polymorphisms on lipid metabolism markers in women. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:408-414. [PMID: 28497838 PMCID: PMC5488457 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and polymorphisms in its encoding gene had
previously been associated with metabolic traits of obesity. This study investigated
the association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the
BCHE gene: -116G > A (rs1126680), 1615GA (rs1803274), 1914A
< G (rs3495), with obesity and lipid metabolism markers, body mass index (BMI),
total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG) levels, and BChE enzymatic
activity in obese (BMI≥30/n = 226) and non-obese women (BMI < 25/n = 81).
BCHE SNPs genotyping was obtained by TaqMan allelic
discrimination assay and by RFLP-PCR. Plasmatic BChE activity was measured using
propionylthiocholine as substrate. Similar allele frequencies were found in obese and
non-obese women for the three studied SNPs (p > 0.05). The dominant and recessive
models were tested, and different effects were found. The -116A allele showed a
dominant effect in BChE activity reduction in both non-obese and obese women (p =
0.045 and p < 0.001, respectively). The 1914A > G and 1615GA SNPs influenced
the TG levels only in obese women. The 1914G and the 1615A alleles were associated
with decreased plasma levels of TG. Thus, our results suggest that the obesity
condition, characterized by loss of energy homeostasis, is modulated by BCHE
polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciane Viater Tureck
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Departamento Acadêmico de Ensino, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Willian Dos Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Louise Farah Saliba
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Departamento de Nutrição, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Scaraboto
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dingova D, Fazekas T, Okuliarova P, Strbova J, Kucera M, Hrabovska A. Low Plasma Cholinesterase Activities are Associated with Deficits in Spatial Orientation, Reduced Ability to Perform Basic Activities of Daily Living, and Low Body Mass Index in Patients with Progressed Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:801-13. [PMID: 26890780 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a central cholinergic deficit. Non-neuronal cholinergic changes are, however, described as well. Here we focused on possible changes in the activity of the plasma cholinesterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), in hospitalized AD patients. We analyzed plasma AChE and BChE activities with regards to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), cognitive functions, and ability to perform activities of daily living in AD patients in comparison to healthy subjects. We observed lower AChE activity and trend toward lower BChE activity in AD patients, which both correlated with low BMI. AD patients unable to perform basic activities of daily living (feeding, bathing, dressing, and grooming) showed reduced plasma AChE activities, while worse spatial orientation was linked to lower BChE activities. Three out of four AD patients with the lowest BChE activities died within one year. In conclusion, progressed AD was accompanied by lower plasma AChE activity and trend toward lower BChE activity, which correlated with BMI and deficits in different components of the AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Dingova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Fazekas
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Okuliarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Matej Kucera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Hrabovska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bono GF, Simão-Silva DP, Batistela MS, Josviak ND, Dias PFR, Nascimento GA, Souza RLR, Piovezan MR, Souza RKM, Furtado-Alle L. Butyrylcholinesterase: K variant, plasma activity, molecular forms and rivastigmine treatment in Alzheimer's disease in a Southern Brazilian population. Neurochem Int 2015; 81:57-62. [PMID: 25624079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which there is a decline of cholinergic function. The symptomatic AD treatment involves the use of ChEIs (cholinesterase inhibitors) as rivastigimine, a dual inhibitor. The human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an enzyme that has specific roles in cholinergic neurotransmission and it has been associated with AD. In the serum, BChE is found in four main molecular forms: G1 (monomer); G1-ALB (monomer linked to albumin); G2 (dimer); and G4 (tetramer). The interaction between the products of BCHE gene and CHE2 locus results in CHE2 C5+ and CHE2 C5- phenotypes. CHE2 C5+ phenotype and BChE-K are factors that influence on BChE activity. This work aimed to verify the proportions of BChE molecular forms, total and relative activity in 139 AD patients and 139 elderly controls, taking into account K variant, CHE2 locus, rivastigmine treatment and clinical dementia rating (CDR) of AD patients. Phenotypic frequencies of CHE2 C5+ and frequency of the carriers of the K allele were similar between groups. Total BChE activity in plasma was significantly lower in AD patients than in elderly controls. Furthermore, we found that reduction on plasma BChE activity is associated directly with AD progression in AD patients and that rivastigmine treatment has a stronger effect on BChE activity within the CDR2 group. The reduction in BChE activity did not occur proportionally in all molecular forms. Multiple regression analysis results confirmed that AD acts as the main factor in plasma BChE activity reduction and that severe stages are related with an even greater reduction. These findings suggest that the reduction of total plasma BChE and relative BChE molecular forms activity in AD patients is probably associated with a feedback mechanism and provides a future perspective of using this enzyme as a possible plasmatic secondary marker for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G F Bono
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - D P Simão-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - M S Batistela
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - N D Josviak
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - P F R Dias
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - G A Nascimento
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - R L R Souza
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - M R Piovezan
- Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - R K M Souza
- Curitiba Neurology Institute, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - L Furtado-Alle
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amano S, Tsubone H, Hanafusa M, Yamasaki T, Nishizaka S, Yanagisawa H. Physical and physiological effectiveness of an overall health care program for middle-aged Japanese women with mild obesity: A pilot study. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 5:88-95. [PMID: 26151017 PMCID: PMC4488103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of an overall health care program (OHCP) for middle-aged Japanese women through assessing physical and physiological changes. The OHCP consisted of diet modification with natural alternative foods, walking and stretching exercises, and body massage and cupping treatments. Sixty-seven participants were assigned to one of three groups during a 3-year study period (2011–2013). The OHCP was performed for 3 months in each year. After the OHCP, most participants had significant decreases in the blood levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and cholinesterase; body weight; body fat percentage; and body-mass index. The oxidative stress markers varied among the study years; however, a significant decrease in blood reactive oxygen-derived metabolites and a significant increase in the relative antioxidative potential were observed in 2013. In 2013, participants who were randomly selected for autonomic nervous activity measurements immediately before and after body massage and cupping treatments showed a significant predominance in parasympathetic nervous activity after the treatments. These results indicate that the OHCP in the present study is an effective and prompt method as a complementary treatment to improve the pre-obese or mild obese status without any noticeable physiological stress in most middle-aged women. However, because of the limitations of this study, the findings of this study need to be confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Amano
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsubone
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan ; Nonprofit Organization-Science of Food Safety and Security, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hanafusa
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Nonprofit Organization-Science of Food Safety and Security, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Saiko Nishizaka
- Slim Beauty House Co., 2-9-8 Shibuya Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0002, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yanagisawa
- Clinic Yanagisawa, 4-10-31-934 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dingova D, Leroy J, Check A, Garaj V, Krejci E, Hrabovska A. Optimal detection of cholinesterase activity in biological samples: modifications to the standard Ellman's assay. Anal Biochem 2014; 462:67-75. [PMID: 24929086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ellman's assay is the most commonly used method to measure cholinesterase activity. It is cheap, fast, and reliable, but it has limitations when used for biological samples. The problems arise from 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), which is unstable, interacts with free sulfhydryl groups in the sample, and may affect cholinesterase activity. We report that DTNB is more stable in 0.09 M Hepes with 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer than in 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer, thereby notably reducing background. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to enrich tissue homogenates for cholinesterase while depleting the sample of sulfhydryl groups eliminates unwanted interactions with DTNB, making it possible to measure low cholinesterase activity in biological samples. To eliminate possible interference of DTNB with enzyme hydrolysis, we introduce a modification of the standard Ellman's assay. First, thioesters are hydrolyzed by cholinesterase to produce thiocholine in the absence of DTNB. Then, the reaction is stopped by a cholinesterase inhibitor and the produced thiocholine is revealed by DTNB and quantified at 412 nm. Indeed, this modification of Ellman's method increases butyrylcholinesterase activity by 20 to 25%. Moreover, high stability of thiocholine enables separation of the two reactions of the Ellman's method into two successive steps that may be convenient for some applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Dingova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; CNRS UMR 8257 MD 4, COGNAC G, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Leroy
- CNRS UMR 8257 MD 4, COGNAC G, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Abel Check
- CNRS UMR 8257 MD 4, COGNAC G, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Vladimir Garaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eric Krejci
- CNRS UMR 8257 MD 4, COGNAC G, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Anna Hrabovska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
1914G variant of BCHE gene associated with enzyme activity, obesity and triglyceride levels. Gene 2013; 532:24-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|