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Hao X, He Y, Wang C, Xiao W, Liu R, Xiao X, Zhou P, Li S. The increasing prevalence of CPV-2c in domestic dogs in China. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9869. [PMID: 33062416 PMCID: PMC7531355 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), a serious pathogen, leads to high morbidity and mortality in dogs and several wild carnivore species. Although it is a DNA virus, it evolves particularly rapidly, with a genomic substitution rate of approximately 10−4 substitutions/site/year, close to that of some RNA viruses. Tracing the prevalence of CPV-2 in dogs is significant. Methods In this study, an aetiological survey was carried out from 2016 to 2019 in Guangdong Province, China, involving Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan. Furthermore, to systematically analyse the prevalence of CPV-2 in China, the VP2 gene sequences of all Chinese isolates were downloaded from the NCBI nucleotide database in December 2019, and changes in CPV-2 variants were examined. Results A total of 55.7% (34/61) of samples were CPV-2 positive by PCR detection and virus isolation. In addition to different variants circulating in dogs, coinfection with multiple variants was identified, as was coinfection with other canine enteric pathogens in some cases. Two previously reported amino acid sites, A5G and Q370R of CPV-2c mutants, reported in variants in China were assessed, and several CPV-2 isolates with P13S and K582N mutations were detected in this study. Finally, we speculate on the prevalence of different CPV-2 variants in China. According to the VP2 gene sequence obtained from the NCBI nucleotide database, the proportion of different variants in China has changed, and CPV-2c appears to be growing rapidly. In conclusion, this aetiology survey suggests that CPV-2 continues to be common in China and that the prevalence of CPV-2c is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuwei He
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiqi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruohan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Abstract
Understanding the pathogenesis of certain viral agents is essential for developing new treatments and obtaining a clinical cure. With the onset of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in the beginning of 2020, a rush to conduct studies and develop drugs has led to the publication of articles that seek to address knowledge gaps and contribute to the global scientific research community. There are still no reports on the infectivity or repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the central lymphoid organ, the thymus, nor on thymocytes or thymic epithelial cells. In this brief review, we present a hypothesis about lymphopenia observed in SARS patients and the probable pathological changes that the thymus may undergo due to this new virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Paulo Lins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas - Maceió/AL, Brazil.,Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Salete Smaniotto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas - Maceió/AL, Brazil.,Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Jaune FW, Taques IIGG, Dos Santos Costa J, Araújo JP, Catroxo MHB, Nakazato L, de Aguiar DM. Isolation and genome characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 50:329-333. [PMID: 30637630 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the isolation and characterization of parvovirus in an infected dog in midwestern Brazil. Non-enveloped icosahedral parvovirus-like particles were isolated in CRFK cells and were allocated to a clade comprised of strains of CPV-2c, based on genome analysis. This is the first isolate of CPV-2c genomically characterized in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Wolf Jaune
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FAVET), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FAVET), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Veterinary Hospital (HOVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FAVET), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Jackeliny Dos Santos Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FAVET), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Veterinary Hospital (HOVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FAVET), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araújo
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia H B Catroxo
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Biological Institute (IB), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Veterinary Hospital (HOVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FAVET), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Daniel Moura de Aguiar
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Veterinary Hospital (HOVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FAVET), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Virologia e Rickettsioses, Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
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4
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Grecco S, Iraola G, Decaro N, Alfieri A, Alfieri A, Gallo Calderón M, da Silva AP, Name D, Aldaz J, Calleros L, Marandino A, Tomás G, Maya L, Francia L, Panzera Y, Pérez R. Inter- and intracontinental migrations and local differentiation have shaped the contemporary epidemiological landscape of canine parvovirus in South America. Virus Evol 2018; 4:vey011. [PMID: 29657837 PMCID: PMC5892152 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a fast-evolving single-stranded DNA virus that causes one of the most significant infectious diseases of dogs. Although the virus dispersed over long distances in the past, current populations are considered to be spatially confined and with only a few instances of migration between specific localities. It is unclear whether these dynamics occur in South America where global studies have not been performed. The aim of this study is to analyze the patterns of genetic variability in South American CPV populations and explore their evolutionary relationships with global strains. Genomic sequences of sixty-three strains from South America and Europe were generated and analyzed using a phylodynamic approach. All the obtained strains belong to the CPV-2a lineage and associate with global strains in four monophyletic groups or clades. European and South American strains from all the countries here analyzed are representative of a widely distributed clade (Eur-I) that emerged in Southern Europe during 1990–98 to later spread to South America in the early 2000s. The emergence and spread of the Eur-I clade were correlated with a significant rise in the CPV effective population size in Europe and South America. The Asia-I clade includes strains from Asia and Uruguay. This clade originated in Asia during the late 1980s and evolved locally before spreading to South America during 2009–10. The third clade (Eur-II) comprises strains from Italy, Brazil, and Ecuador. This clade appears in South America as a consequence of an early introduction from Italy to Ecuador in the middle 1980s and has experienced extensive local genetic differentiation. Some strains from Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil constitute an exclusive South American clade (SA-I) that emerged in Argentina in the 1990s. These results indicate that the current epidemiological scenario is a consequence of inter- and intracontinental migrations of strains with different geographic and temporal origins that set the conditions for competition and local differentiation of CPV populations. The coexistence and interaction of highly divergent strains are the main responsible for the drastic epidemiological changes observed in South America in the last two decades. This highlights the threat of invasion from external sources and the importance of whole-genome resolution to robustly infer the origin and spread of new CPV variants. From a taxonomic standpoint, the findings herein show that the classification system that uses a single amino acid to identify variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) within the CPV-2a lineage does not reflect phylogenetic relationships and is not suitable to analyze CPV evolution. In this regard, the identification of clades or sublineages within circulating CPV strains is the first step towards a genetic and evolutionary classification of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Alice Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 6001, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 6001, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Marina Gallo Calderón
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, CONICET, Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula da Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 6001, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Daniela Name
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 6001, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Jaime Aldaz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Av. Ernesto Che Guevara s/n. Guaranda, Ecuador
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Maya
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lourdes Francia
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Vieira FV, Hoffmann DJ, Fabri CUF, Bresciani KDS, Gameiro R, Flores EF, Cardoso TC. Circulation of canine parvovirus among dogs living in human-wildlife interface in the Atlantic forest biome, Brazil. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00491. [PMID: 29387822 PMCID: PMC5772843 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite of the role of domestic dogs as reservoirs for threatening viral diseases for wild carnivores, few studies have focused to identify circulation of viruses among dogs living in human/wildlife interfaces. To identify canine parvovirus (CPV) types circulating in dogs living in an Atlantic forest biome, faecal samples (n = 100) were collected at the same period (one week) corresponding to each of four areas, during 2014 to 2016 and corresponded to 100 different individuals. CPV was isolated in cell culture from 67 out 100 (67%) samples from healthy dogs. Cytopathic effects were characterized by total or partial cell culture lysis. Genome sequences of CPV-2a (10%), CPV-2b (7%) and CPV-2c (50%) were concomitantly detected by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. The current study addresses the importance of monitoring CPV circulation among dogs presenting potential contact with wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia V Vieira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil,16050-680
| | - Daniel J Hoffmann
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil,16050-680
| | - Carolina U F Fabri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil,16050-680
| | - Katia D S Bresciani
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil,16050-680
| | - Roberto Gameiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil,16050-680
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. 97105-900
| | - Tereza C Cardoso
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil,16050-680
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Espinoza LL, Beserra LAR, Soares RM, Gregori F. Turkey Astrovirus Type 1 (TAstV-1) and Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) Detection in Brazilian Chicken Flocks. Avian Dis 2017; 60:681-7. [PMID: 27610731 DOI: 10.1637/11403-030816-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Astrovirus is a common cause of enteritis in humans and domestic animals. Here we report the detection of turkey astrovirus type 1 (TAstV-1) and chicken astrovirus (CAstV) in avian farms. Sixty fecal sample pools (five or six birds of the same flock), from chickens without apparent clinical symptoms of enteric disease from farms located in six Brazilian states, were screened by an ORF1b PCR, followed by nucleotide sequencing of amplified products and phylogenetic analysis. Six samples tested positive for TAstV-1 and two for CAstV. One positive sample of each detected virus (TAstV-1 and CAstV) had the complete ORF2 sequenced. Data for the ORF2 sequence indicate that Brazilian TAstV-1 was divergent from TAstV-1 (United States), previously described infecting turkeys, and Brazilian CAstV clustered together with the U.K. group, subgroup B-II, associated with enteritis and growth retardation in chicks. This study provides updated information about CAstV and the first report of detection of TAstV-1 in Brazilian chickens, supporting the diagnostic of enteritis and epidemiologic surveillance in poultry health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Luna Espinoza
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP: 05508-270, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laila A R Beserra
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP: 05508-270, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Soares
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP: 05508-270, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Gregori
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP: 05508-270, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Detection of Astrovirus, Coronavirus and Haemorrhagic Enteritis Virus in Turkeys with Poult Enteritis Mortality Syndrome in Turkey. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0150021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Moura-Alvarez J, Nuñez LFN, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Knöbl T, Chacón JL, Moreno AM, Jones RC, Ferreira AJP. Detection of enteric pathogens in Turkey flocks affected with severe enteritis, in Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:1051-8. [PMID: 24817479 PMCID: PMC7089275 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two flocks of turkeys affected by enteric problems, with ages between 10 and 104 days and located in the Southern region of Brazil, were surveyed for turkey by PCR for turkey astrovirus type 2 (TAstV-2), turkey coronavirus (TCoV), hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), rotavirus, reovirus, Salmonella spp., and Lawsonia intracellularis (Li) infections. Eleven profiles of pathogen combination were observed. The most frequently encountered pathogen combinations were TCoV-Li, followed by TCoV-TAstV-2-Li, TCoV-TastV-2. Only TCoV was detected as the sole pathogen in three flocks. Eight and 19 flocks of the 22 were positive for TAstV-2 and TCoV, respectively. Six were positive for Salmonella spp. and L. intracellularis was detected in 12 turkey flocks. Reovirus and HEV were not detected in this survey. These results throw new light on the multiple etiology of enteritis in turkeys. The implications of these findings and their correlation with the clinical signs are comprehensively discussed, illustrating the complexity of the enteric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelma Moura-Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Zhao Y, Lin Y, Zeng X, Lu C, Hou J. Genotyping and pathobiologic characterization of canine parvovirus circulating in Nanjing, China. Virol J 2013; 10:272. [PMID: 23988202 PMCID: PMC3844316 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important pathogen that causes acute enteric disease in dogs. It has mutated and spread throughout the world in dog populations. We provide an update on the molecular characterization of CPV that circulated in Nanjing, a provincial capital in China between 2009 and 2012. RESULTS Seventy rectal swab samples were collected from the dogs diagnosed with CPV infection in 8 animal hospitals of Nanjing. Sequence analysis of VP2 genes of 31 samples revealed that 29 viral strains belonged to CPV-2a subtype, while other two strains were classified into CPV-2b. To investigate the pathogenicity of the prevalent virus, we isolated CPV-2a and performed the animal experiment. Nine beagles were inoculated with 105.86 of 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) of the virus. All the experimentally infected beagles exhibited mild to moderate mucoid or watery diarrhea on day 4 post-infection (p.i.). On day 9 p.i., characteristic histopathological lesions were clearly observed in multiple organs of infected dogs, including liver, spleen, kidney, brain and all segments of the small and large intestines, while viral DNA and antigen staining could be detected in the sampled tissues. It is notable that canine parvovirus was isolated in one from two brain samples processed. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that CPV-2a is the predominant subtype in Nanjing of China. And this virus caused extensive lesions in a variety of tissues, including the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xujian Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengping Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiafa Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Moura-Alvarez J, Chacon JV, Scanavini LS, Nuñez LFN, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Jones RC, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Enteric viruses in Brazilian turkey flocks: single and multiple virus infection frequency according to age and clinical signs of intestinal disease. Poult Sci 2013; 92:945-55. [PMID: 23472018 PMCID: PMC7107160 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poult enteritis complex has been associated with enteritis and reduction in growth rates in commercial turkeys worldwide. Intestinal samples from 76 turkey flocks from different Brazilian states affected or not with intestinal disorders were evaluated for the presence of adenovirus groups 1 and 2 (TAV), astrovirus types 1 and 2 (TAstV-1 and TAstV-2), turkey coronavirus (TCoV), reovirus, rotavirus, and avian nephritis virus (ANV) using PCR. The percentage of positive samples was categorized according to the geographic origin, age of the flocks, and presence of clinical signs of intestinal disease. The percentage of samples that were positive for at least one virus was 93.4%, whereas the percentage of samples that were positive for more than one virus was 69.7%. An average of 3.20 viruses per sample was detected in turkeys in the growing phase of the production cycle (1 to 4 wk of age). The TAstV-1 and TCoV were the most frequently observed viruses in growing phase turkeys and occurred simultaneously in 85% of these samples. In turkeys in the finishing phase of development (5 to 18 wk), a lower average number of viruses was observed (2.41), and the most frequent viruses isolated in these turkeys were TAstV-1 (57.1%) and rotavirus (51.8%). Overall, every virus was detected more frequently in growing phase turkeys than in finishing phase turkeys with the exception of TAV. Samples from flocks exhibiting clinical signs of intestinal disease showed a higher rate of positivity, and TAstV-1, TAstV-2, and TCoV were the most frequently occurring viruses in this cohort. Birds without clinical signs most frequently harbored TAstV-1 and rotavirus. Future studies should focus on the description and elucidation of the role of each virus, as well as the pathogenic and immunological implications of the different combinations of viruses in turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moura-Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Puentes R, Eliopulos N, Pérez R, Franco G, Sosa K, Bianchi P, Furtado A, Hübner SO, Esteves PA. Isolation and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2C (CPV-2C) from symptomatic puppies. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1005-9. [PMID: 24031919 PMCID: PMC3768885 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120003000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a leading cause of diarrhea in puppies in several parts of the world. In this study CPV-2 was detected and recovered from puppies showing clinical disease from Montevideo, Uruguay. Samples were processed and used to infect CRFK and MDCK cells in order to isolate the virus. Out of twelve, two samples were positive for CPV-2. A genomic region of 583 bp was amplified and the molecular characterization was performed by sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Two isolated viruses (UY1 and UY2) were CPV-2c-like viruses. The comparison between the cytophatic effect (CPE) of CPV-2 (vaccinal virus) and CPV-2c (isolated virus) on primary canine cells cultures and on CRFK line cells, demonstrated that CPV-2c is less citopathogenic in CRFK than in primary cultures. Our study represents the first report on isolation and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) in cell cultures from South American dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Puentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Facultad de Veterinaria , UdelaR, Montevideo , Uruguay
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Pinto LD, Streck AF, Gonçalves KR, Souza CK, Corbellini ÂO, Corbellini LG, Canal CW. Typing of canine parvovirus strains circulating in Brazil between 2008 and 2010. Virus Res 2012; 165:29-33. [PMID: 22280882 PMCID: PMC7126319 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Detection and characterisation of the canine parvovirus (CPV-2) strains that are currently circulating are essential for the understanding of viral evolution and the development of measures to control its spread. In the present study, stool samples from 144 dogs were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CPV-2, and 29.2% (42/144) of them were positive. From the 42 positive strains, 71.4% (30) of the dogs had signs of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. The sequencing of the 583 bp fragment of the VP2 gene from the positive strains identified 78.6% (33/42) of them as type 2c, 19% (8/42) as type 2b and 2.4% (1/42) as type 2a. A phylogenetic analysis of the variants circulating in the canine population of Brazil showed that they are very similar to those found in other countries and type 2c has become the predominant type circulating in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Dubina Pinto
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária 9090, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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