1
|
Venkataraman S, Athilakshmi JK, Rajendran DS, Bharathi P, Kumar VV. A comprehensive review of eclectic approaches to the biological synthesis of vanillin and their application towards the food sector. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1019-1036. [PMID: 38440686 PMCID: PMC10908958 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vanillin, a highly regarded flavor compound, has earned widespread recognition for its natural and aromatic qualities, piquing substantial interest in the scientific community. This comprehensive review delves deeply into the intricate world of vanillin synthesis, encompassing a wide spectrum of methodologies, including enzymatic, microbial, and immobilized systems. This investigation provides a thorough analysis of the precursors of vanillin and also offers a comprehensive overview of its transformation through these diverse processes, making it an invaluable resource for researchers and enthusiasts alike. The elucidation of different substrates such as ferulic acid, eugenol, veratraldehyde, vanillic acid, glucovanillin, and C6-C3 phenylpropanoids adds a layer of depth and insight to the understanding of vanillin synthesis. Moreover, this comprehensive review explores the multifaceted applications of vanillin within the food industry. While commonly known as a flavoring agent, vanillin transcends this role by finding extensive use in food preservation and food packaging. The review meticulously examines the remarkable preservative properties of vanillin, providing a profound understanding of its crucial role in the culinary and food science sectors, thus making it an indispensable reference for professionals and researchers in these domains. Graphical abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swethaa Venkataraman
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203 India
| | - Jothyswarupha Krishnakumar Athilakshmi
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203 India
| | - Devi Sri Rajendran
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203 India
| | - Priyadharshini Bharathi
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203 India
| | - Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bucchieri D, Mangiagalli M, Martani F, Butti P, Lotti M, Serra I, Branduardi P. A novel laccase from Trametes polyzona with high performance in the decolorization of textile dyes. AMB Express 2024; 14:32. [PMID: 38506984 PMCID: PMC10954600 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper oxidases able to oxidize several phenolic compounds and find application in numerous industrial applications. Among laccase producers, white-rot fungi represent a valuable source of multiple isoforms and isoenzymes of these multicopper oxidases. Here we describe the identification, biochemical characterization, and application of laccase 2 from Trametes polyzona (TP-Lac2), a basidiomycete fungus emerged among others that have been screened by plate assay. This enzyme has an optimal temperature of 50 °C and in acidic conditions it is able to oxidize both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. The ability of TP-Lac2 to decolorize textile dyes was tested in the presence of natural and synthetic mediators at 30 °C and 50 °C. Our results indicate that TP-Lac2 most efficiently decolorizes (decolorization rate > 75%) malachite green oxalate, orange G, amido black10B and bromocresol purple in the presence of acetosyringone and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate)-ABTS. Overall, the laccase mediator system consisting of TP-Lac2 and the natural mediator acetosyringone has potential as an environmentally friendly alternative for wastewater treatment in the textile industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bucchieri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
- Department of Material Science and Nanotechnology, CORIMAV Program, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Martani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Butti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola Branduardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Production of various phenolic aldehyde compounds using the 4CL-FCHL biosynthesis platform. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:608-617. [PMID: 36521700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) is one of the most important flavoring substances used in the cosmetic and food industries. Feruloyl-CoA hydratase/lyase (FCHL) is an enzyme that catalyzes the production of vanillin from feruloyl-CoA. In this study, we report kinetic parameters and biochemical properties of FCHL from Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6 (SpFCHL). Also, the crystal structures of an apo-form of SpFCHL and two complexed forms with acetyl-CoA and vanillin/CoA was present. Comparing the apo structure to its complexed forms of SpFCHL, a gate loop with an "open and closed" role was observed at the entrance of the substrate-binding site. With vanillin and CoA complexed to SpFCHL, we captured a conformational change in the feruloyl moiety-binding pocket that repositions the catalytic SpFCHLE146 and other key residues. This binding pocket does not tightly fit the vanillin structure, suggesting substrate promiscuity of this enzyme. This observation is in good agreement with assay results for phenylpropanoid-CoAs and indicates important physicochemical properties of the substrate for the hydratase/lyase reaction mechanism. In addition, we showed that various phenolic aldehydes could be produced using the 4CL-FCHL biosynthesis platform.
Collapse
|
4
|
Antimicrobial Potential of Bio Vanillin an Industrial Product from Bacillus subtilis sp., MSJM5. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillin is a natural fragrance molecule, we used a simple screening approach based on pH changes caused by ferulic acid breakdown to identify strains. By using a solvent extraction technique, wheat bran was collected and processed to get ferulic acid. The five MSJM strains exhibited a significant result by change in the colour from blue to yellow on the assay plates. The five MSJM strains biotransformed ferulic acid into vanillic acid, resulting in high yield (Yp/s) and productivity (Pr). To create vanillin, Bacillus subtilis MSJM5 was employed to ferment wheat bran with 0.05 percent ferulic acid as an persuader. To create vanillin, Bacillus subtilis was employed to ferment wheat bran with 0.05 percent ferulic acid as an persuar. HPLC was used to determine the amount of vanillin in the medium after three days of fermentation. The peak in standard vanillin corresponds to a sample from fermented medium with a purity of 99 percent. This demonstrated that vanillin was present in the fermentation medium. The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration in all the samples were also assessed by well diffusion method.
Collapse
|
5
|
Valério R, Brazinha C, Crespo JG. Comparative Analysis of Bio-Vanillin Recovery from Bioconversion Media Using Pervaporation and Vacuum Distillation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:801. [PMID: 36005716 PMCID: PMC9416510 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for natural products has led to biotechnological vanillin production, which requires the recovery of vanillin (and vanillyl alcohol at trace concentrations, as in botanical vanillin) from the bioconversion broth, free from potential contaminants: the substrate and metabolites of bioconversion. This work discusses the recovery and fractionation of bio-vanillin, from a bioconversion broth, by pervaporation and by vacuum distillation, coupled with fractionated condensation. The objective was to recover vanillin free of potential contaminants, with maximised fluxes and selectivity for vanillin against water and minimised energy consumption per mass of vanillin recovered. In vacuum distillation fractionated condensation, adding several consecutive water pulses to the feed increased the percentage of recovered vanillin. In pervaporation-fractionated condensation and vacuum distillation-fractionated condensation processes, it was possible to recover vanillin and traces of vanillyl alcohol without the presence of potential contaminants. Vacuum distillation-experiments presented higher vanillin fluxes than pervaporation fractionated condensation experiments, 2.7 ± 0.1 g·m-2 h-1 and 1.19 ± 0.01 g·m-2 h-1, respectively. However, pervaporation fractionated condensation assures a selectivity of vanillin against water of 4.5 on the pervaporation step (acting as a preconcentration step) and vacuum distillation fractionated condensation requires a higher energy consumption per mass of vanillin recovered when compared with pervaporation- fractionated condensation, 2727 KWh kgVAN-1 at 85 °C and 1361 KWh kgVAN-1 at 75 °C, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Valério
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carla Brazinha
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João G. Crespo
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gulsunoglu-Konuskan Z, Kilic-Akyilmaz M. Microbial Bioconversion of Phenolic Compounds in Agro-industrial Wastes: A Review of Mechanisms and Effective Factors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6901-6910. [PMID: 35164503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastes have gained great attention as a possible source of bioactive compounds, which may be utilized in various industries including pharmaceutics, cosmetics, and food. The food processing industry creates a vast amount of waste which contains valuable compounds such as phenolics. Polyphenols can be found in soluble (extractable or free), conjugated, and insoluble-bound forms in various plant-based foods including fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and legumes. A substantial portion of phenolic compounds in agro-industrial wastes is present in the insoluble-bound form attached to the cell wall structural components and conjugated form which is covalently bound to sugar moieties. These bound phenolic compounds can be released from wastes by hydrolysis of the cell wall and glycosides by microbial enzymes. In addition, they can be converted into unique metabolites by methylation, carboxylation, sulfate conjugation, hydroxylation, and oxidation ability of microorganisms during fermentation. Enhancement of concentration and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds and production of new metabolites from food wastes by microbial fermentation might be a promising way for better utilization of natural resources. This review provides an overview of mechanisms and factors affecting release and bioconversion of phenolic compounds in agro-industrial wastes by microbial fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Gulsunoglu-Konuskan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul 34295, Turkey
| | - Meral Kilic-Akyilmaz
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zuo K, Li H, Chen J, Ran Q, Huang M, Cui X, He L, Liu J, Jiang Z. Effective Biotransformation of Variety of Guaiacyl Lignin Monomers Into Vanillin by Bacillus pumilus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901690. [PMID: 35633711 PMCID: PMC9130762 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation has gained increasing attention due to its being an eco-friendly way for the production of value-added chemicals. The present study aimed to assess the potential of Bacillus pumilus ZB1 on guaiacyl lignin monomers biotransformation for the production of vanillin. Consequently, isoeugenol, eugenol, and vanillyl alcohol could be transformed into vanillin by B. pumilus ZB1. Based on the structural alteration of masson pine and the increase of total phenol content in the supernatant, B. pumilus ZB1 exhibited potential in lignin depolymerization and valorization using masson pine as the substrate. As the precursors of vanillin, 61.1% of isoeugenol and eugenol in pyrolyzed bio-oil derived from masson pine could be transformed into vanillin by B. pumilus ZB1. Four monooxygenases with high specific activity were identified that were involved in the transformation process. Thus, B. pumilus ZB1 could emerge as a candidate in the biosynthesis of vanillin by using wide guaiacyl precursors as the substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangjia Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuping Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengtian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiashu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengbing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rege SA, Varshneya MA, Momin SA. A Mini-Review: Effect of Medium on the Activity of Eugenol. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220408104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The role of essential fatty acids is vital in the life of a human being. The lack of essential fatty acids causes various diseases such as cardiovascular, inflammatory bowel and obesity. Although synthetic antioxidants have already been used, nowadays, the demand for natural antioxidants has increased mainly because of the adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants. Spices are widely used in this context as a source of natural antioxidants. It has been observed that they also act as pro-oxidant. This review aims to evaluate the fundamental reason for the different activities of the spices by studying the example of Eugenol, a principal phenolic constituent of clove oil. The chemistry concerning the mechanism to display antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity is currently being reviewed. The isomerization of Eugenol to Isoeugenol plays a key role in exhibiting dissimilar behaviour of the Eugenol. Under the polar medium, isomerization of Eugenol does not take place and it acts as an antioxidant. However, in the non-polar medium, Eugenol isomerizes to Isoeugenol and displays a pro-oxidant effect. In a basic medium, Eugenol isomerizes to Isoeugenol undergoing degradation. Hence, to utilize the beneficial activity of Eugenol, it should be present in a polar or acidic medium. It can be concluded from this review article that the structural form of any molecule plays a major role in utilizing its activity and is also dependent on the medium. Hence, the medium also performs a vital role to influence the activity of any molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameera A. Rege
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai- 400 019. India
| | - Megha A. Varshneya
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai- 400 019. India
| | - Shamim A. Momin
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai- 400 019. India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abd‐Aziz S, Jenol MA, Ramle IK. Biovanillin from Oil Palm Biomass. BIOREFINERY OF OIL PRODUCING PLANTS FOR VALUE‐ADDED PRODUCTS 2022:493-514. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527830756.ch25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
10
|
Valorization of Fruit Peels into Biovanillin and Statistical Optimization of Process Using Enterobacter hormaechei through Solid-State Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vanillin is a secondary metabolite of plants and the major organoleptic aroma component of natural vanilla. Nowadays, the chemical synthesis method used for vanillin production has been rejected by the United States and European legislation, while plant-derived vanillin is expensive. The current study demonstrates vanillin production via solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Enterobacter hormaechei using different ferulic acid-rich fruit peels as substrates. From different ferulic acid-rich fruit peels (pomegranate, banana, and orange) screened Punica granatum (pomegranate) peels yielded maximum biovanillin (0.09 mg/g) after 24 h. Different bioprocess parameters, including moisture content, inoculum size, pH, and temperature, were optimized using central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum biovanillin yield (0.462 mg/g) from Punica granatum peels was achieved at 60% moisture content, 2 mL inoculum size, 6.5 pH, and 32 °C temperature. An F-value of 12.94 and a p-value of 0.00 were recorded by the variance analysis indicated the proposed model’s significance. The coefficient of determination (R2) confirmed the model’s goodness of fit, having a value of 91.89%, which indicated the model’s accuracy. The optimally produced biovanillin was extracted and confirmed using FTIR. Further purity analysis was done by HPLC and the biovanillin was reported to be 99.2% pure. The results demonstrated that microbial conversion of ferulic acid-rich fruit peels to biovanillin offers a cost-effective approach for the industrial production of biovanillin.
Collapse
|
11
|
Production of phenolic flavoring compounds from sugarcane bagasse by Lactobacillus acidophilus MTCC 10307. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
12
|
Pironti C, Ricciardi M, Motta O, Camin F, Bontempo L, Proto A. Application of 13C Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Isotopic Analyses for Vanillin Authentication Source. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112635. [PMID: 34828916 PMCID: PMC8625575 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon stable isotope ratio (δ13C) is a valuable chemical parameter in the investigation of the geographic origin, quality, and authenticity of foods. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the feasibility of 13C-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy to determine the carbon stable isotope ratio, at natural abundance, of small organic molecules, such as vanillin, without the use of IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry). The determination of vanillin origin is an active task of research, and differentiating between its natural and artificial forms is important to guarantee the quality of food products. To reach our goal, nine vanillin samples were analyzed using both 13C quantitative NMR spectroscopy (under optimized experimental conditions) and IRMS, and the obtained δ13C values were compared using statistical analysis (linear regression, Bland–Altman plot, and ANOVA (analysis of variance)). The results of our study show that 13C-NMR spectroscopy can be used as a valuable alternative methodology to determine the bulk carbon isotope ratio and to identify the origin of vanillin. This makes it attractive for the analysis in the same experiment of site-specific and total isotope effects for testing authenticity, quality, and typicality of food samples. Moreover, the improvement of NMR spectroscopy makes it possible to avoid the influence of additives on carbon stable isotope ratio analysis and to clearly identify fraud and falsification in commercial samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Pironti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (C.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Ricciardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (C.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (C.P.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089963083
| | - Federica Camin
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Center, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy; (F.C.); (L.B.)
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment C3A, University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
- International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, International Centre, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Center, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy; (F.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Antonio Proto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Enhanced Thermostability of Pseudomonas nitroreducens Isoeugenol Monooxygenase by the Combinatorial Strategy of Surface Residue Replacement and Consensus Mutagenesis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillin has many applications in industries. Isoeugenol monooxygenase (IEM) can catalyze the oxidation of isoeugenol to vanillin in the presence of oxygen under mild conditions. However, the low thermal stability of IEM limits its practical application in the biosynthesis of natural vanillin. Herein, two rational strategies were combined to improve the thermostability of IEM from Pseudomonas nitroreducens Jin1. Two variants (K83R and K95R) with better thermostability and one mutant (G398A) with higher activity were identified from twenty candidates based on the Surface Residue Replacement method. According to the Consensus Mutagenesis method, one mutant (I352R) with better thermostability and another mutant (L273F) with higher activity were also identified from nine candidates. After combinatorial mutation, a triple mutant K83R/K95R/L273F with the best thermostability and catalytic efficiency was generated. Compared with the wild-type IEM, the thermal inactivation half-lives (t1/2) of K83R/K95R/L273F at 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C increased 2.9-fold, 11.9-fold, and 24.7-fold, respectively. Simultaneously, it also exhibited a 4.8-fold increase in kcat, leading to a 1.2-fold increase in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km). When the whole cell of K83R/K95R/L273F was applied to the biotransformation of isoeugenol on preparative scale, the vanillin concentration reached 240.1 mM with space-time yield of 109.6 g/L/d, and vanillin was achieved in 77.6% isolated yield and >99% purity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Saeed S, Ur Rehman Baig U, Tayyab M, Altaf I, Irfan M, Raza SQ, Nadeem F, Mehmood T. Valorization of banana peels waste into biovanillin and optimization of process parameters using submerged fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
A Review on the Utilization of Lignin as a Fermentation Substrate to Produce Lignin-Modifying Enzymes and Other Value-Added Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102960. [PMID: 34065753 PMCID: PMC8156730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lignocellulosic biomass is comprised of three major components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Among these three, cellulose and hemicellulose were already used for the generation of simple sugars and subsequent value-added products. However, lignin is the least applied material in this regard because of its complex and highly variable nature. Regardless, lignin is the most abundant material, and it can be used to produce value-added products such as lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), microbial lipids, vanillin, muconic acid, and many others. This review explores the potential of lignin as the microbial substrate to produce such products. A special focus was given to the different types of lignin and how each one can be used in different microbial and biochemical pathways to produce intermediate products, which can then be used as the value-added products or base to make other products. This review paper will summarize the effectiveness of lignin as a microbial substrate to produce value-added products through microbial fermentations. First, basic structures of lignin along with its types and chemistry are discussed. The subsequent sections highlight LMEs and how such enzymes can enhance the value of lignin by microbial degradation. A major focus was also given to the value-added products that can be produced from lignin.
Collapse
|
16
|
Al-Hunaiti A, Ghazzy A, Sweidan N, Mohaidat Q, Bsoul I, Mahmood S, Hussein T. Nano-Magnetic NiFe 2O 4 and Its Photocatalytic Oxidation of Vanillyl Alcohol-Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in the Valorization of Lignin. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11041010. [PMID: 33920911 PMCID: PMC8071345 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on a phyto-mediated bimetallic (NiFe2O4) preparation using a Boswellia carterii extract, which was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, electron microscopy, magnetic spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements. The prepared nano-catalysts were tested for oxidation of lignin monomer molecules-vanillyl alcohol and cinnamyl alcohol. In comparison with previously reported methods, the nano NiFe2O4 catalysts showed high photocatalytic activity and selectivity, under visible light irradiation with a nitroxy radical initiator (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl; TEMPO) at room temperature and aerobic conditions. The multifold advantages of the catalyst both in terms of reduced catalyst loading and ambient temperature conditions were manifested by higher conversion of the starting material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Al-Hunaiti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Asma Ghazzy
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan;
| | - Nuha Sweidan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Qassem Mohaidat
- Department of Physics, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Ibrahim Bsoul
- Department of Physics, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq 13040, Jordan;
| | - Sami Mahmood
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tareq Hussein
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang X, He Y, Wu Z, Liu G, Tao Y, Jin JM, Chen W, Tang SY. Whole-Cell Biosensors Aid Exploration of Vanillin Transmembrane Transport. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3114-3123. [PMID: 33666081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulatory protein (TRP)-based whole-cell biosensors are widely used nowadays. Here, they were demonstrated to have great potential application in screening cell efflux and influx pumps for small molecules. First, a vanillin whole-cell biosensor was developed by altering the specificity of a TRP, VanR, and strains with improved vanillin productions that were selected from a random genome mutagenesis library by using this biosensor as a high-throughput screening tool. A high intracellular vanillin concentration was found to accumulate due to the inactivation of the AcrA protein, indicating the involvement of this protein in vanillin efflux. Then, the application of this biosensor was extended to explore efflux and influx pumps, combined with directed genome evolution. Elevated intracellular vanillin levels resulting from efflux pump inactivation or influx pump overexpression could be rapidly detected by the whole-cell biosensor, markedly facilitating the identification of genome targets related to small-molecule transmembrane transport, which is of great importance in metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoxia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Ming Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Martău GA, Călinoiu LF, Vodnar DC. Bio-vanillin: Towards a sustainable industrial production. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
19
|
Paul V, Rai DC, T.S RL, Srivastava SK, Tripathi AD. A comprehensive review on vanillin: its microbial synthesis, isolation and recovery. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2020.1869039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veena Paul
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Dinesh Chandra Rai
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ramyaa Lakshmi T.S
- Department of Zoology and Microbiology, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, India
| | | | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Extraction of Vanillin Following Bioconversion of Rice Straw and Its Optimization by Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246031. [PMID: 33352794 PMCID: PMC7767248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Value-added chemicals, including phenolic compounds, can be generated through lignocellulosic biomass conversion via either biological or chemical pretreatment. Currently vanillin is one of the most valuable of these products that has been shown to be extractable on an industrial scale. This study demonstrates the potential of using rice straw inoculated with Serpula lacrymans, which produced a mixture of high value bio-based compounds including vanillin. Key extraction conditions were identified to be the volume of solvent used and extraction time, which were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The vanillin compounds extracted from rice straw solid state fermentation (SSF) was confirmed through LC-ESI MS/MS in selective ion mode. The optimum concentration and yield differed depending on the solvent, which was predicted using 60 mL ethyl acetate for 160 min were 0.408% and 3.957 μg g−1 respectively. In comparison, when ethanol was used, the highest concentration and yields of vanillin were 0.165% and 2.596 μg g−1. These were achieved using 40 mL of solvent, and extraction time increased to 248 min. The results confirm that fungal conversion of rice straw to vanillin could consequently offer a cost-effect alternative to other modes of production.
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Yeoh JW, Jayaraman SS, Tan SGD, Jayaraman P, Holowko MB, Zhang J, Kang CW, Leo HL, Poh CL. A model-driven approach towards rational microbial bioprocess optimization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:305-318. [PMID: 32946111 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Due to sustainability concerns, bio-based production capitalizing on microbes as cell factories is in demand to synthesize valuable products. Nevertheless, the nonhomogenous variations of the extracellular environment in bioprocesses often challenge the biomass growth and the bioproduction yield. To enable a more rational bioprocess optimization, we have established a model-driven approach that systematically integrates experiments with modeling, executed from flask to bioreactor scale, and using ferulic acid to vanillin bioconversion as a case study. The impacts of mass transfer and aeration on the biomass growth and bioproduction performances were examined using minimal small-scale experiments. An integrated model coupling the cell factory kinetics with the three-dimensional computational hydrodynamics of bioreactor was developed to better capture the spatiotemporal distributions of bioproduction. Full-factorial predictions were then performed to identify the desired operating conditions. A bioconversion yield of 94% was achieved, which is one of the highest for recombinant Escherichia coli using ferulic acid as the precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wui Yeoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudhaghar S/O Jayaraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean Guo-Dong Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Premkumar Jayaraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maciej B Holowko
- Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang-Wei Kang
- Department of Fluid Dynamic, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chueh Loo Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sharma A, Sharma A, Singh J, Sharma P, Tomar GS, Singh S, Nain L. A biorefinery approach for the production of ferulic acid from agroresidues through ferulic acid esterase of lactic acid bacteria. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:367. [PMID: 32832328 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a known precursor for vanillin production but the significance of agro waste as substrates for its extraction, in combination with microbes is a less explored option. Various lactic acid bacteria were screened for the production of ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and Enterococcus lactis SR1 was found to produce maximum FAE (7.54 ± 0.15 IU/ml) in the synthetic medium under submerged fermentation. To make the process cost effective, various lignocellulosic agroresidues were evaluated for the production of FAE from the bacterium. It was found that wheat bran serves as the best substrate for FAE production (4.18 ± 0.12 IU/ml) from E. lactis SR1. Further, optimization of fermentation conditions for FAE production from E. lactis SR1 using wheat bran as carbon source led to an increase in the enzyme production (7.09 ± 0.21 IU/ml) by 1.5 fold. The FAE produced was used alone or in combination with commercial holocellulase for biological release of FA from the tested agroresidues. The highest release of FA (mg/g) by enzymatic extraction occurred in sugarbeet pulp (2.56), followed by maize bran (1.45), wheat bran (1.39) and rice bran (0.87), when both the enzymes (FAE and holocellulase) were used together. Alkaline extraction and purification of ferulic acid (FA) from these agro residues also showed that sugarbeet pulp contains the highest amount of FA (5.5 mg/g) followed by maize bran (3.0 mg/g), wheat bran (2.8 mg/g) and rice bran (1.9 mg/g), similar to the trend obtained in biological/enzymatic extraction of FA from these residues. Furthermore, the substrates were found to release higher reducing sugars when both commercial holocellulase and FAE were used in combination than by the use of holocellulase alone. Thus, FAEs not only release FA but also enabled hemicellulase and cellulase to release more sugars from plant material.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yao X, Lv Y, Yu H, Cao H, Wang L, Wen B, Gu T, Wang F, Sun L, Xin F. Site-directed mutagenesis of coenzyme-independent carotenoid oxygenase CSO2 to enhance the enzymatic synthesis of vanillin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3897-3907. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
25
|
Szczepańska J, Barba FJ, Skąpska S, Marszałek K. High pressure processing of carrot juice: Effect of static and multi-pulsed pressure on the polyphenolic profile, oxidoreductases activity and colour. Food Chem 2020; 307:125549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Sharma A, Sharma P, Singh J, Singh S, Nain L. Prospecting the Potential of Agroresidues as Substrate for Microbial Flavor Production. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|
27
|
Thermoalkaliphilic laccase treatment for enhanced production of high-value benzaldehyde chemicals from lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:200-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
28
|
Huccetogullari D, Luo ZW, Lee SY. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for production of aromatic compounds. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:41. [PMID: 30808357 PMCID: PMC6390333 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering has been enabling development of high performance microbial strains for the efficient production of natural and non-natural compounds from renewable non-food biomass. Even though microbial production of various chemicals has successfully been conducted and commercialized, there are still numerous chemicals and materials that await their efficient bio-based production. Aromatic chemicals, which are typically derived from benzene, toluene and xylene in petroleum industry, have been used in large amounts in various industries. Over the last three decades, many metabolically engineered microorganisms have been developed for the bio-based production of aromatic chemicals, many of which are derived from aromatic amino acid pathways. This review highlights the latest metabolic engineering strategies and tools applied to the biosynthesis of aromatic chemicals, many derived from shikimate and aromatic amino acids, including L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan. It is expected that more and more engineered microorganisms capable of efficiently producing aromatic chemicals will be developed toward their industrial-scale production from renewable biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damla Huccetogullari
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program) and Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zi Wei Luo
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program) and Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program) and Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center and Bioinformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Banerjee G, Chattopadhyay P. Vanillin biotechnology: the perspectives and future. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:499-506. [PMID: 30094833 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The biotechnological production of fragrances is a recent trend that has expanded rapidly in the last two decades. Vanillin is the second most popular flavoring agent after saffron and is extensively used in various applications, e.g., as a food additive in food and beverages and as a masking agent in various pharmaceutical formulations. It is also considered a valuable product for other applications, such as metal plating and the production of other flavoring agents, herbicides, ripening agents, antifoaming agents, and personal and home-use products (such as in deodorants, air fresheners, and floor-polishing agents). In general, three types of vanillin, namely natural, biotechnological, and chemical/synthetic, are available on the market. However, only natural and nature-identical (biotechnologically produced from ferulic acid only) vanillins are considered as food-grade additives by most food-safety control authorities worldwide. In the present review, we summarize recent trends in fermentation technology for vanillin production and discuss the importance of the choice of raw materials for the economically viable production of vanillin. We also describe the key enzymes used in the biotechnological production of vanillin as well as their underlying genes. Research to advance our understanding of the molecular regulation of different pathways involved in vanillin production from ferulic acid is still ongoing. The enhanced knowledge is expected to offer new opportunities for the application of metabolic engineering to optimize the production of nature-identical vanillin. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guyader S, Thomas F, Jamin E, Grand M, Akoka S, Silvestre V, Remaud GS. Combination of13C and2HSNIF‐NMRisotopic fingerprints of vanillin to control its precursors. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guyader
- Eurofins Analytics France 9 Rue Pierre Adolphe Bobierre, BP 42301 F‐44323 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Freddy Thomas
- Eurofins Analytics France 9 Rue Pierre Adolphe Bobierre, BP 42301 F‐44323 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Eric Jamin
- Eurofins Analytics France 9 Rue Pierre Adolphe Bobierre, BP 42301 F‐44323 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F‐44322 Nantes France
| | - Serge Akoka
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F‐44322 Nantes France
| | - Virginie Silvestre
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F‐44322 Nantes France
| | - Gérald S. Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F‐44322 Nantes France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kowalska H, Czajkowska K, Cichowska J, Lenart A. What's new in biopotential of fruit and vegetable by-products applied in the food processing industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
32
|
Chakraborty D, Kaur B, Obulisamy K, Selvam A, Wong JWC. Agrowaste to vanillin conversion by a natural Pediococcus acidilactici strain BD16. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1823-1834. [PMID: 27734757 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1237556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its flavoring, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic nature, vanillin is widely used in foods, beverages, perfumes and pharmaceutical products. Ferulic acid (FA) is an important precursor of vanillin which is abundant in cereals like maize, rice and wheat and sugar beet. A major drawback of microbial vanillin production from FA is the degradation and biotransformation of toxic vanillin to other phenolic derivatives. The present study is undertaken to explore microbial vanillin production from FA precursor rice bran by employing vanillin-resistant Pediococcus acidilactici BD16, a natural lactic acid bacteria isolate. Extracellular, intracellular and cellular vanillin dehydrogenase activity was found least, which was minimized vanillin degradation, and the strain resists more than 5 g L-1 vanillin in the medium. A metabolomics approach was followed for the detection of FA, vanillin and other metabolites generated during fermentation of rice bran medium. A metabolic pathway was also predicted for vanillin biosynthesis. Approximately 1.06 g L-1 of crude vanillin was recovered from rice-bran-containing medium and this further offers scope for the industrial utilization of the organism and its genetic manipulation to enhance production of biovanillin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debkumar Chakraborty
- a Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
- b Department of Biology , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - Baljinder Kaur
- c Department of Biotechnology , Punjabi University , Patiala , India
| | - Karthikeyan Obulisamy
- a Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
- b Department of Biology , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - Ammaiyappan Selvam
- a Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
- b Department of Biology , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- a Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
- b Department of Biology , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Heffernan C, Ukrainczyk M, Gamidi RK, Hodnett BK, Rasmuson ÅC. Extraction and Purification of Curcuminoids from Crude Curcumin by a Combination of Crystallization and Chromatography. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Heffernan
- Synthesis and Solid State
Pharmaceutical Centre, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Marko Ukrainczyk
- Synthesis and Solid State
Pharmaceutical Centre, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rama Krishna Gamidi
- Synthesis and Solid State
Pharmaceutical Centre, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - B. Kieran Hodnett
- Synthesis and Solid State
Pharmaceutical Centre, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Åke C. Rasmuson
- Synthesis and Solid State
Pharmaceutical Centre, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chakraborty D, Selvam A, Kaur B, Wong JWC, Karthikeyan OP. Application of recombinant Pediococcus acidilactici BD16 (fcs +/ech +) for bioconversion of agrowaste to vanillin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5615-5626. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
35
|
Schipilliti L, Bonaccorsi IL, Mondello L. Characterization of natural vanilla flavour in foodstuff by HS-SPME and GC-C-IRMS. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schipilliti
- ‘Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambiental’ Department (CHIBIOFARAM); University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Ivana Lidia Bonaccorsi
- ‘Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambiental’ Department (CHIBIOFARAM); University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- ‘Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambiental’ Department (CHIBIOFARAM); University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o ‘Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali’ Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bioengineering of the Plant Culture of Capsicum frutescens with Vanillin Synthase Gene for the Production of Vanillin. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 59:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
37
|
Use of Vine-Trimming Wastes as Carrier for Amycolatopsis sp. to Produce Vanillin, Vanillyl Alcohol, and Vanillic Acid. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:561-8. [PMID: 27431730 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Raw vine-trimming wastes or the solid residues obtained after different fractionation treatments were evaluated for their suitability as Amycolatopsis sp. immobilization carriers during the bioconversion of ferulic acid into valuable phenolic compounds such as vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, and vanillic acid, the main flavor components of vanilla pods. Previously, physical-chemical characteristics of the materials were determined by quantitative acid hydrolysis and water absorption index (WAI), and microbiological characteristics by calculating the cell retention in the carrier (λ). Additionally, micrographics of carrier surface were obtained by field emission-scanning electron microscopy to study the influence of morphological changes during pretreatments in the adhesion of cells immobilized. The results point out that in spite of showing the lowest WAI and intermediate λ, raw material was the most appropriated substrate to conduct the bioconversion, achieving up to 262.9 mg/L phenolic compounds after 24 h, corresponding to 42.9 mg/L vanillin, 115.6 mg/L vanillyl alcohol, and 104.4 mg/L vanillic acid. The results showed the potential of this process to be applied for biotechnological production of vanillin from ferulic acid solutions; however, further studies must be carried out to increase vanillin yield. Additionally, the liquors obtained after treatment of vine-trimming wastes could be assayed to replace synthetic ferulic acid.
Collapse
|
38
|
Metabolic Engineering of the Actinomycete Amycolatopsis sp. Strain ATCC 39116 towards Enhanced Production of Natural Vanillin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:3410-3419. [PMID: 27037121 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00802-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Gram-positive bacterium Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116 is used for the fermentative production of natural vanillin from ferulic acid on an industrial scale. The strain is known for its outstanding tolerance to this toxic product. In order to improve the productivity of the fermentation process, the strain's metabolism was engineered for higher final concentrations and molar yields. Degradation of vanillin could be decreased by more than 90% through deletion of the vdh gene, which codes for the central vanillin catabolism enzyme, vanillin dehydrogenase. This mutation resulted in improvement of the final concentration of vanillin by more than 2.2 g/liter, with a molar yield of 80.9%. Further improvement was achieved with constitutive expression of the vanillin anabolism genes ech and fcs, coding for the enzymes feruloyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (fcs) and enoyl-CoA hydratase/aldolase (ech). The transcription of both genes was shown to be induced by ferulic acid, which explains the unwanted adaptation phase in the fermentation process before vanillin was efficiently produced by the wild-type cells. Through the constitutive and enhanced expression of the two genes, the adaptation phase was eliminated and a final vanillin concentration of 19.3 g/liter, with a molar yield of 94.9%, was obtained. Moreover, an even higher final vanillin concentration of 22.3 g/liter was achieved, at the expense of a lower molar yield, by using an improved feeding strategy. This is the highest reported vanillin concentration reached in microbial fermentation processes without extraction of the product. Furthermore, the vanillin was produced almost without by-products, with a molar yield that nearly approached the theoretical maximum. IMPORTANCE Much effort has been put into optimization of the biotechnological production of natural vanillin. The demand for this compound is growing due to increased consumer concerns regarding chemically produced food additives. Since this compound is toxic to most organisms, it has proven quite difficult to reach high concentrations and molar yields. This study shows that improvements in the final vanillin concentrations and molar yields can be made through a combination of modification of the fermentation parameters and molecular strain engineering, without the need for methods such as continuous extraction from the fermentation broth. Using this approach, we were able to reach a final vanillin concentration of 22.3 g/liter, which is the highest vanillin concentration reported to date that was generated with Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116 without additional extraction of the toxic product.
Collapse
|
39
|
Manufacturing Techniques and Surface Engineering of Polymer Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6020026. [PMID: 28344283 PMCID: PMC5302480 DOI: 10.3390/nano6020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of polymer based nanoparticles as a drug delivery carrier via pharmaceutical nano/microencapsulation has greatly promoted the development of nano- and micro-medicine in the past few decades. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and chitosan, which are biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, have been approved by both the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicine Agency (EMA), making them ideal biomaterials that can be advanced from laboratory development to clinical oral and parental administrations. PLGA and chitosan encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) have successfully been developed as new oral drug delivery systems with demonstrated high efficacy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the fabrication of PLGA and chitosan particulate systems using nano/microencapsulation methods, the current progress and the future outlooks of the nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Especially, we focus on the formulations and nano/micro-encapsulation techniques using top-down techniques. It also addresses how the different phases including the organic and aqueous ones in the emulsion system interact with each other and subsequently influence the properties of the drug delivery system. Besides, surface modification strategies which can effectively engineer intrinsic physicochemical properties are summarised. Finally, future perspectives and potential directions of PLGA and chitosan nano/microencapsulated drug systems are outlined.
Collapse
|
40
|
Pérez-Rodríguez N, Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira R, Torrado Agrasar AM, Domínguez JM. Ferulic acid transformation into the main vanilla aroma compounds by Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1677-1689. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Hassam M, Taher A, Arnott GE, Green IR, van Otterlo WAL. Isomerization of Allylbenzenes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5462-569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassam
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Abu Taher
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Gareth E. Arnott
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Ivan R. Green
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Willem A. L. van Otterlo
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- School
of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kaur B, Chakraborty D, Kumar B. Metabolic engineering of Pediococcus acidilactici BD16 for production of vanillin through ferulic acid catabolic pathway and process optimization using response surface methodology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8539-51. [PMID: 25077778 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of feruloyl-CoA synthetase (fcs) and enoyl-CoA hydratase (ech) genes responsible for the bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin have been reported and characterized from Amycolatopsis sp., Streptomyces sp., and Pseudomonas sp. Attempts have been made to express these genes in Escherichia coli DH5α, E. coli JM109, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. However, none of the lactic acid bacteria strain having GRAS status was previously proposed for heterologous expression of fcs and ech genes for production of vanillin through biotechnological process. Present study reports heterologous expression of vanillin synthetic gene cassette bearing fcs and ech genes in a dairy isolate Pediococcus acidilactici BD16. After metabolic engineering, statistical optimization of process parameters that influence ferulic acid to vanillin biotransformation in the recombinant strain was carried out using central composite design of response surface methodology. After scale-up of the process, 3.14 mM vanillin was recovered from 1.08 mM ferulic acid per milligram of recombinant cell biomass within 20 min of biotransformation. From LCMS-ESI spectral analysis, a metabolic pathway of phenolic biotransformations was predicted in the recombinant P. acidilactici BD16 (fcs (+)/ech (+)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fleige C, Steinbüchel A. Construction of expression vectors for metabolic engineering of the vanillin-producing actinomycete Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6387-95. [PMID: 24743982 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116 is able to synthesize the important flavoring agent vanillin from cheap natural substrates. The bacterium is therefore of great interest for the industry and used for the fermentative production of vanillin. In order to improve the production of natural vanillin with Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116, the strain has been genetically engineered to optimize the metabolic flux towards the desired product. Extensive metabolic engineering was hitherto hampered, due to the lack of genetic tools like functional promoters and expression vectors. In this study, we report the establishment of a plasmid-based gene expression system for Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116 that allows a further manipulation of the genotype. Four new Escherichia coli-Amycolatopsis shuttle vectors harboring different promoter elements were constructed, and the functionality of these regulatory elements was proven by the expression of the reporter gene gusA, encoding a β-glucuronidase. Glucuronidase activity was detected in all plasmid-harboring strains, and remarkable differences in the expression strength of the reporter gene depending on the used promoter were observed. The new expression vectors will promote the further genetic engineering of Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116 to get insight into the metabolic network and to improve the strain for a more efficient industrial use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fleige
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 3, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zamzuri N, Abd-Aziz S, Rahim R, Phang L, Alitheen N, Maeda T. A rapid colorimetric screening method for vanillic acid and vanillin-producing bacterial strains. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:903-910. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N.A. Zamzuri
- Department of Bioprocess Technology; Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM); Serdang Malaysia
| | - S. Abd-Aziz
- Department of Bioprocess Technology; Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM); Serdang Malaysia
| | - R.A. Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM); Serdang Malaysia
| | - L.Y. Phang
- Department of Bioprocess Technology; Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM); Serdang Malaysia
| | - N.B. Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM); Serdang Malaysia
| | - T. Maeda
- Department of Biological Functions and Engineering; Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering; Kyushu Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Camera-Roda G, Cardillo A, Loddo V, Palmisano L, Parrino F. Improvement of membrane performances to enhance the yield of vanillin in a pervaporation reactor. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:96-112. [PMID: 24957123 PMCID: PMC4021966 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In membrane reactors, the interaction of reaction and membrane separation can be exploited to achieve a "process intensification", a key objective of sustainable development. In the present work, the properties that the membrane must have to obtain this result in a pervaporation reactor are analyzed and discussed. Then, the methods to enhance these properties are investigated for the photocatalytic synthesis of vanillin, which represents a case where the recovery from the reactor of vanillin by means of pervaporation while it is produced allows a substantial improvement of the yield, since its further oxidation is thus prevented. To this end, the phenomena that control the permeation of both vanillin and the reactant (ferulic acid) are analyzed, since they ultimately affect the performances of the membrane reactor. The results show that diffusion of the aromatic compounds takes place in the presence of low concentration gradients, so that the process is controlled by other phenomena, in particular by the equilibrium with the vapor at the membrane-permeate interface. On this basis, it is demonstrated that the performances are enhanced by increasing the membrane thickness and/or the temperature, whereas the pH begins to limit the process only at values higher than 6.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Camera-Roda
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria civile, chimica, ambientale e dei materiali (DICAM), University of Bologna, via Terracini 28, Bologna 40131, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cardillo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria civile, chimica, ambientale e dei materiali (DICAM), University of Bologna, via Terracini 28, Bologna 40131, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Loddo
- "Schiavello-Grillone" Photocatalysis group, Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Palmisano
- "Schiavello-Grillone" Photocatalysis group, Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy.
| | - Francesco Parrino
- "Schiavello-Grillone" Photocatalysis group, Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Electroanalysis may be used in the Vanillin Biotechnological Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:1953-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
48
|
Phenolic biotransformations during conversion of ferulic acid to vanillin by lactic acid bacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:590359. [PMID: 24066293 PMCID: PMC3771242 DOI: 10.1155/2013/590359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin is widely used as food additive and as a masking agent in various pharmaceutical formulations. Ferulic acid is an important precursor of vanillin that is available in abundance in cell walls of cereals like wheat, corn, and rice. Phenolic biotransformations can occur during growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and their production can be made feasible using specialized LAB strains that have been reported to produce ferulic acid esterases. The present study aimed at screening a panel of LAB isolates for their ability to release phenolics from agrowaste materials like rice bran and their biotransformation to industrially important compounds such as ferulic acid, 4-ethyl phenol, vanillic acid, vanillin, and vanillyl alcohol. Bacterial isolates were evaluated using ferulic acid esterase, ferulic acid decarboxylase, and vanillin dehydrogenase assays. This work highlights the importance of lactic acid bacteria in phenolic biotransformations for the development of food grade flavours and additives.
Collapse
|
49
|
Biotechnological and molecular approaches for vanillin production: a review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1353-72. [PMID: 23306890 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin is one of the most widely used flavoring agents in the world. As the annual world market demand of vanillin could not be met by natural extraction, chemical synthesis, or tissue culture technology, thus biotechnological approaches may be replacement routes to make production of bio-vanillin economically viable. This review's main focus is to highlight significant aspects of biotechnology with emphasis on the production of vanillin from eugenol, isoeugenol, lignin, ferulic acid, sugars, phenolic stilbenes, vanillic acid, aromatic amino acids, and waste residues by applying fungi, bacteria, and plant cells. Production of biovanillin using GRAS lactic acid bacteria and metabolically engineered microorganisms, genetic organization of vanillin biosynthesis operons/gene cassettes and finally the stability of biovanillin generated through various biotechnological procedures are also critically reviewed in the later sections of the review.
Collapse
|
50
|
Swizdor A, Panek A, Milecka-Tronina N, Kołek T. Biotransformations utilizing β-oxidation cycle reactions in the synthesis of natural compounds and medicines. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16514-43. [PMID: 23443116 PMCID: PMC3546705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Oxidation cycle reactions, which are key stages in the metabolism of fatty acids in eucaryotic cells and in processes with a significant role in the degradation of acids used by microbes as a carbon source, have also found application in biotransformations. One of the major advantages of biotransformations based on the β-oxidation cycle is the possibility to transform a substrate in a series of reactions catalyzed by a number of enzymes. It allows the use of sterols as a substrate base in the production of natural steroid compounds and their analogues. This route also leads to biologically active compounds of therapeutic significance. Transformations of natural substrates via β-oxidation are the core part of the synthetic routes of natural flavors used as food additives. Stereoselectivity of the enzymes catalyzing the stages of dehydrogenation and addition of a water molecule to the double bond also finds application in the synthesis of chiral biologically active compounds, including medicines. Recent advances in genetic, metabolic engineering, methods for the enhancement of bioprocess productivity and the selectivity of target reactions are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Swizdor
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|