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Dakhem M, Ghanati F, Afshar Mohammadian M, Sharifi M. Effective biosorption of Al ions from drinking water by lignocellulosic biomass rice straw. Int J Phytoremediation 2024; 26:1087-1098. [PMID: 38093655 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2289588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High concentration of aluminum (Al) in drinking water is a major intake source of it and can result in serious diseases. Rice straw (RS) as lignocellulosic biomasses has great potential to peak up metal ions from aqueous environment, however, feasibility of Al3+ removal by RS has not been investigated yet. The present study aimed to evaluate the capacity of RS as a novel biosorbent for Al3+ from drinking water. Biosorption characteristics of RS were surveyed through several biological and physiochemical techniques. Additionally, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies were evaluated using various common models. BET profiles revealed the presence of textural mesoporosity on heterogeneous surface, which leading to improve the biosorption capacity. SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the morphological changes as irregularly particles of Al3+ on external surface via physical mechanism. The results of bioassays and FTIR analysis showed carboxylic and hydroxyl groups in lignin and pectin as the main Al3+ binding site. The batch experimental results showed the maximum biosorption capacity of 283.09 mg/g and removal efficiency of 94.86% for Al3+ at biosorbent dosage of 0.05 g/100 mL, contact time of 50 min, pH 7.5, and temperature of 30 °C. The Freundlich model has the best match and suggests the biosorption process as a multi-layer. According to the results of free activation energy, biosorption process was also physical. As thermodynamic result, the biosorption behavior was found spontaneous and endothermic. Consequently, results showed RS as an economical biosorbent for reducing Al3+ of drinking water. Meanwhile, it can be considered as one of the most appropriate methods for management of rice paddies waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Dakhem
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
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Han Z, Zhang Y, Di C, Bi H, Pan K. Application of Rice Straw Inhibits Clubroot Disease by Regulating the Microbial Community in Soil. Microorganisms 2024; 12:717. [PMID: 38674661 PMCID: PMC11051980 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Straw return is an effective agricultural management practice for alleviating soil sickness, but only a few studies have focused on the incorporation of straw with deep plowing and rotary tillage practices in vegetable production. To determine the effects of rice straw return on Chinese cabbage clubroot, a field experiment for three consecutive years in the same area was performed. Soil microbial high-throughput sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other methods were used to detect Chinese cabbage plant growth, clubroot occurrence, soil chemical properties and soil microbial diversity and abundance. The results showed that straw addition could significantly reduce the clubroot disease incidence. Through Illumina Miseq sequencing, the diversity of the fungi decreased obviously. The relative abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes was strikingly reduced, while that of Chloroflexi was significantly increased. Redundancy analysis suggests that soil properties may also affect the soil microbial composition; changes in the microbial structure of bacteria and fungi were associated with the available phosphorus. In conclusion, the continuous addition of rice straw can promote the growth and control the occurrence of clubroot, which is closely related to the microbial composition, and the inhibition effect is proportional to the age of addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (Z.H.); (H.B.)
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Program, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (C.D.)
| | - Chengqian Di
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (C.D.)
| | - Hongwen Bi
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (Z.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Kai Pan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (C.D.)
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Teo KSK, Kondo K, Khattab SMR, Watanabe T, Nagata T, Katahira M. Enhancing Bioethanol Production from Rice Straw through Environmentally Friendly Delignification Using Versatile Peroxidase. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:2657-2666. [PMID: 38288662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Rice straw (RS), an agricultural residue rich in carbohydrates, has substantial potential for bioethanol production. However, the presence of lignin impedes access to these carbohydrates, hindering efficient carbohydrate-to-bioethanol conversion. Here, we expressed versatile peroxidase (VP), a lignin-degrading enzyme, in Pichia pastoris and used it to delignify RS at 30 °C using a membrane bioreactor that continuously discarded the degraded lignin. Klason lignin analysis revealed that VP-treatment led to 35% delignification of RS. We then investigated the delignified RS by SEC, FTIR, and SEM. The results revealed the changes of RS caused by VP-mediated delignification. Additionally, we compared the saccharification and fermentation yields between RSs treated with and without VP, VP-RS, and Ctrl-RS, respectively. This examination unveiled an improvement in glucose and bioethanol production, VP-RS exhibiting up to 1.5-fold and 1.4-fold production, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of VP for delignifying RS and enhancing bioethanol production through an eco-friendly approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Sze Kai Teo
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keiko Kondo
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Integrated Research Center for Carbon Negative Science, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Biomass Product Tree Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Laboratory, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sadat Mohamed Rezk Khattab
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 2091110 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Biomass Product Tree Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Laboratory, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Integrated Research Center for Carbon Negative Science, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masato Katahira
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Integrated Research Center for Carbon Negative Science, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Biomass Product Tree Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Laboratory, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Mao WQ, Xia YH, Ma C, Zhu GX, Wang ZC, Tu Q, Chen XB, Wu JS, Su YR. [Response of Organic Carbon Mineralization to Nitrogen Addition in Micro-aerobic and Anaerobic Layers of Paddy Soil]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:6248-6256. [PMID: 37973107 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202209298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In field conditions, a micro-aerobic layer with 1 cm thickness exists on the surface layer of paddy soil owing to the diffusion of dissolved oxygen via flooding water. However, the particularity of carbon and nitrogen transformation in this specific soil layer is not clear. A typical subtropical paddy soil was collected and incubated with13C-labelled rice straw for 100 days. The responses of exogenous fresh organic carbon(13C-rice straw) and original soil organic carbon mineralization to nitrogen fertilizer addition[(NH4)2SO4]in the micro-aerobic layer(0-1 cm) and anaerobic layer(1-5 cm) of paddy soil and their microbial processes were analyzed based on the analysis of 13C incorporation into phospholipid fatty acid(13C-PLFAs). Nitrogen addition promoted the total CO2 and 13C-CO2 emission from paddy soil by 11.4% and 12.3%, respectively. At the end of incubation, with the addition of nitrogen, the total soil organic carbon (SOC) and13C-recovery rate from rice straw in the anaerobic layer were 2.4% and 9.2% lower than those in the corresponding micro-aerobic layer, respectively. At the early stage(5 days), nitrogen addition increased the total microbial PLFAs in the anaerobic layer with a consistent response of bacterial and fungal PLFAs. However, there was no significant effect from nitrogen on microbial abundance in the micro-aerobic layer. Nitrogen addition had no significant impact on the abundance of total 13C-PLFAs in the micro-aerobic and anaerobic layers, but the abundance of 13C-PLFAs for bacteria and fungi in the micro-aerobic layer was decreased dramatically. At the late stage(100 days), the effect of nitrogen addition on microbial PLFAs was consistent with that at the early stage. The abundances of total, bacterial, and fungal 13C-PLFAs were remarkably increased in the anaerobic layer. However, the abundance of 13C-PLFAs in the micro-aerobic layer showed no significant response to nitrogen addition. During the incubation, the content of NH4+-N in the anaerobic soil layer was higher than that in the micro-aerobic soil layer. This indicates that nitrogen addition increased microbial activity in the anaerobic soil layer caused by the higher NH4+-N concentration, as majority of microorganisms preferred to use NH4+-N. Consequently, the microbial utilization and decomposition of organic carbon in the anaerobic soil layer were accelerated. By contrast, richer available N existed in the form of NO3--N in the micro-aerobic soil layer owing to the ammoxidation process. Thus, the shortage of NO3--N preference microorganisms in the paddy soil environment prohibited the microbial metabolism of organic carbon in the micro-aerobic layer. As a whole, nitrogen fertilization enhanced organic carbon loss via microbial mineralization in paddy soil with a weaker effect in the micro-aerobic layer than that in the anaerobic layer, indicating the limited microbial metabolic activity in the surface micro-aerobic layer could protect the organic carbon stabilization in paddy soil. This study emphasizes the heterogeneity of paddy soil and its significant particularity of carbon and nitrogen transformation in micro-aerobic layers. Consequently, this study has implications for optimizing the forms and method for the application of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qiong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin-Hang Xia
- College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-Xu Zhu
- College of Biology and Environment Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- Helmholtz International Laboratory for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiang-Bi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jin-Shui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yi-Rong Su
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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Liang J, Cheng Y, Ma Y, Yu X, Wang Z, Wu N, Wang X, Liu X, Xu X. Effects of straw addition on the physicochemical and microbial features of black soldier fly larvae frass derived from fish meat and bone meal. Waste Manag Res 2023; 41:1435-1444. [PMID: 36951008 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231160091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) hold great promise for sustainable management of meat and bone meal (MBM), a kind of organic waste. Harvested BSFL frass can be used as soil amendment or organic fertilizer. This study evaluated the quality and microbial profile in the frass of BSFL, fed with fish MBM containing 0% (CK), 1% (T1), 2% (T2) and 3% (T3) of rice straw. Results suggested straw addition into fish MBM had no significant impacts on BSFL weight; however, straw addition remarkably affected waste reduction and conversion efficiency, as well as physicochemical properties including electric conductivity, organic matter (OM) and total phosphorus contents in frass. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that increasing levels of cellulose and lignin might not be fully degraded or transformed by BSFL when more straw was introduced into substrates. Straw addition had hardly significant influences on microbial richness or evenness in BSFL frass, only T3 treatment remarkably elevated the phylogenetic diversity value more than the control. Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla. Genera Myroides, Acinetobacter and Paenochrobactrum maintained high abundances in all frass samples. Elements including OM, pH and Na were key factors in shaping the microbiological characteristics of BSFL frass. Our findings helped to understand the effects of fish MBM waste manipulation on BSFL frass qualities and contributed to the further application of BSFL frass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixian Cheng
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Ma
- College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Wu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
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Ningthoujam R, Jangid P, Yadav VK, Sahoo DK, Patel A, Dhingra HK. Bioethanol production from alkali-pretreated rice straw: effects on fermentation yield, structural characterization, and ethanol analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1243856. [PMID: 37600305 PMCID: PMC10435993 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1243856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current ethanol production technology has a dire need for efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars. The conversion requires pretreatment of the biomass, one of the most expensive steps, and thus it is quite necessary to identify the most cost-effective and high-efficiency conversion method. In this study, rice straw (RS) biomass was pretreated using 4% NaOH alkali, soaked for 4 h, and autoclaved for 30 min. The structural and morphological changes were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in both native and alkali-treated RS. The FTIR analysis revealed that native RS contains a considerable amount of lignin that was removed after the pretreatment process. The XRD pattern of the RS revealed an increasing crystallite size of the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. The study of SEM clearly showed the distorted structure and surface porosity after the pretreatment process. Enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was checked by comparing the commercial enzymes and microbial hydrolysis extracted from a fungal isolate. The best-reducing sugar yield obtained was 0.62 g/L, achieved at optimized conditions from the commercial enzymes. Fermentation efficiency was checked using the yeast isolate Saccharomyces cerevisiae in both the native and pretreated substrate, and the highest ethanol concentration (21.45%) was achieved using 20% w/v biomass loading, enzyme loading (2:1:1), and fermentation for a week at 30°C and pH 4.5. This concentration was higher than that of the untreated RS (3.67%). The ethanol thus produced was further checked for analysis by the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Ningthoujam
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences (SLAS), Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pankaj Jangid
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences (SLAS), Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Harish Kumar Dhingra
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences (SLAS), Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India
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Thongsomboon W, Baimark Y, Srihanam P. Valorization of Cellulose-Based Materials from Agricultural Waste: Comparison between Sugarcane Bagasse and Rice Straw. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3190. [PMID: 37571085 PMCID: PMC10421048 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse and rice straw are major agricultural byproducts often discarded or burned as waste after cultivation, leaving their untapped potential for utilization. In this work, cellulose fibers were extracted from sugarcane bagasse and rice straw using a simple procedure: alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide, bleaching with sodium hypochlorite, and acid hydrolysis. The obtained cellulosic materials were successfully prepared into milky white and transparent films, of which the transparency slightly decreased with the addition of glycerol. The surface of all the films appeared homogeneous with a random orientation of fibers. The rice-straw (RS) film had a more fragile texture than the sugarcane-bagasse (SBG) film. The FTIR analysis clearly indicated the functional groups of cellulose, as well as glycerol for the films mixed with glycerol. Thermal analysis showed that the native SBG film decomposed at 346 °C, higher than the native RS film (339 °C). The presence of glycerol in the films resulted in slightly lower maximum decomposition temperature (Td,max) values as well as mechanical properties. Regarding water susceptibility, the RS film had a higher percentage than the native SBG and glycerol-mixed SBG films. The extracted cellulose from both sources could form almost spherical-shaped cellulose particles. Thus, through the simple extraction method, sugarcane bagasse and rice straw could serve as excellent sources of cellulose materials for preparing cellulose films and particles, which would be advantageous to the development of cellulose-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prasong Srihanam
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand; (W.T.); (Y.B.)
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Li Z, Qiu H, Lan X, Wang Z, Shen W, Wan F, Xiao D, He J. Appropriate particle size of rice straw promoted rumen fermentation and regulated bacterial microbiota in a rumen simulation technique system. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1185191. [PMID: 37377951 PMCID: PMC10291129 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1185191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of different particle sizes of rice straw on the rumen protozoa count, nutrient disappearance rate, rumen fermentation, and microbial community in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. In this experiment, a single-factor random trial design was adopted. According to the different particle sizes of rice straw, there were three treatments with three replies in each treatment. Three kinds of goat total mixed ration (TMR), with the same nutrients were used to carry out a 10 days in vitro fermentation experiment using the rumen simulation system developed by Hunan Agricultural University, including 6 days the pretrial period and 4 days formal period. This study found that the organic matter disappearance rate, concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), acetate, propionate, and iso-butyrate were greatest in the 4 mm group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity, among the three groups (p > 0.05). The relative abundance of Treponema and Ruminococcus of the 2 mm group increased; the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio and Prevotella in samples increased in the 4 mm group. In addition, the results of correlation analysis showed that Prevotella and Ruminococcus was positively correlated with butyrate, ammonia-N, dOM and d ADF (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with valerate (p < 0.05); Oscillospira was positively correlated with valerate (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with propionate, butyrate, ammonia-N, dOM and dADF (p < 0.05). The present results imply that compared to the other groups, rice straw particle size of 4 mm may improve the disappearance rate of nutrients and promote the production of volatile fatty acids by regulating ruminal microorganisms.
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Namboodiri MMT, Manikandan A, Paul T, Pakshirajan K, Pugazhenthi G. Chitosan production by Penicillium citrinum using paper mill wastewater and rice straw hydrolysate as low-cost substrates in a continuous stirred tank reactor. Environ Technol 2023; 44:2254-2269. [PMID: 34994298 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2026486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, paper mill wastewater and hemicellulose hydrolysate were evaluated as low-cost substrates for fungal chitosan production using Penicillium citrinum. Submerged fermentation was first studied using a bioreactor operated under batch, fed-batch and continuous modes with paper mill wastewater as the substrate. Very high removal (91%) of organics as chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the wastewater with 160 mg L-1 chitosan production by P. citrinum was obtained using the bioreactor operated under fed-batch mode for 72 h. Moreover, 86% reduction of phenolics in the wastewater with 89% decolourization efficiency was achieved in the fed-batch experiments with the bioreactor. Under the continuous mode of operation with the bioreactor, maximum chitosan production of 170 mg L-1 was observed. The effect of acetic acid addition to the wastewater for enhancing chitosan production by the fungus was further studied in a batch system. Chitosan productivity of 2.33 mg L-1 h-1 was obtained with 50 mg/L acetic acid. Various models, viz. Monod, Haldane, Andrews, Webb and Yano, were fitted to the experimental data for understanding the kinetics involved in the process. Haldane model accurately fitted the experimental data on biomass specific growth rate, acetic acid consumption rate and chitosan production rate by P. citrinum with acetic acid addition to the wastewater. Fungal fermentation of another low-cost substrate, rice straw hydrolysate, was further studied using the batch-operated bioreactor; and a maximum chitosan titre of 911 mg L-1 was achieved using the detoxified rice straw hydrolysate.Highlights Low-cost substrates for chitosan production by Penicillium citrinum are reportedAcetic acid addition to paper mill wastewater enhances chitosan productionBiomass growth and chitosan production follow substrate inhibition kineticsFed-batch -operated bioreactor resulted in 91% wastewater treatment efficiencyMaximum chitosan titre of 911 mg L-1 was achieved with rice straw hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M T Namboodiri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Arul Manikandan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Tanushree Paul
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - G Pugazhenthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Marlida Y, Harnentis H, Nur YS, Ardani LR. New probiotics ( Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplemented to fermented rice straw-based rations on digestibility and rumen characteristics in vitro. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:96-102. [PMID: 37155537 PMCID: PMC10122949 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This research was arranged to explore the effect of supplementation of a combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a new probiotic in fermented rice straw-based rations on in vitro digestibility and ruminal characteristics. Materials and Methods A randomized group design with 3 types of treatment and 4 replications as a group was used in this study. A probiotic inoculum containing L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae with 1 × 1010 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. Treatments were followed by: P1 = complete rations without probiotics (control), P2 = P1 supplemented 0.5% probiotics, and P3 = P1 supplemented 1% probiotics. Substrate complete rations were based on the fermented rice straw and concentrate (60%:40%). Parameters of digestibility and rumen fermentation products were determined after 48 h of incubation. Results Probiotics supplemented with fermented rice straw-based rations significantly increased (p < 0.05) digestibility and rumen characteristics in vitro. Supplementation with 1% probiotics (P3) produces the highest digestibility compared to other treatments: in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (55%), in-vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) (58.28%), in-vitro crude protein digestibility (IVCPD) (84.42%), in-vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility (IVADFD) (53.99%), in-vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) (58.39%), and in-vitro cellulose digestibility (IVCLD) (67.12%). Rumen pH (6.76-6.80) did not change significantly (p > 0.05) due to supplemented probiotics. Probiotic supplementation in rations significantly (p < 0.05) increased the content of NH3 and total volatile fatty acid (VFA). Supplementation with 1% probiotic (P3) showed the highest concentration of NH3 (26.56 mg/100 ml) and was also followed by the total VFA (115.75 mM) compared to the control (22.59 mg/100 ml and 103.00 mM, respectively). Conclusion Supplementation of 1% probiotics (combination of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae) containing 1 × 1010 CFU/ml in fermented rice straw-based rations increases nutrient digestibility, that is, IVDMD, IVOMD, IVCPD, IVADFD, IVNDFD, and IVCLD, and also increases rumen fermentation, which is the concentration of NH3 and total VFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetti Marlida
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Harnentis Harnentis
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Yuliaty Shafan Nur
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Laily Rinda Ardani
- Ph.D. Student (PMDSU Program), Graduate Program Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
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11
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Dong L, Cao G, Wang W, Luo G, Yang F, Ren N. Improved Biohythane Production from Rice Straw in an Integrated Anaerobic Bioreactor under Thermophilic Conditions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020474. [PMID: 36838439 PMCID: PMC9962229 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the feasibility of continuous biohythane production from rice straw (RS) using an integrated anaerobic bioreactor (IABR) at thermophilic conditions. NaOH/Urea solution was employed as a pretreatment method to enhance and improve biohythane production. Results showed that the maximum specific biohythane yield was 612.5 mL/g VS, including 104.1 mL/g VS for H2 and 508.4 mL/g VS for CH4, which was 31.3% higher than the control RS operation stage. The maximum total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal stabilized at about 86.8%. COD distribution results indicated that 2% of the total COD (in the feed) was converted into H2, 85.4% was converted to CH4, and 12.6% was retained in the effluent. Furthermore, carbon distribution analysis demonstrated that H2 production only diverted a small part of carbon, and most of the carbon flowed to the CH4 fermentation process. Upon further energy conversion analysis, the maximum value was 166.7%, 31.7 times and 12.8% higher than a single H2 and CH4 production process. This study provides a new perspective on lignocellulose-to-biofuel recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (G.C.); Fax: +86-898-66269468 (L.D.)
| | - Guangli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (G.C.); Fax: +86-898-66269468 (L.D.)
| | - Wanqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Geng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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12
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Zhong W, Bai W, Li G. Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium from Soil of the Relocated Factory Area with Rice Straw Hydrothermal Carbon Modified by Nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3089. [PMID: 36833784 PMCID: PMC9967011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce the content of Cr(VI) in the soil of the relocated chromium salt factory, the rice straw-derived hydrothermal carbon was prepared by hydrothermal method and loaded with nano zero-valent iron generated by liquid phase reduction, which effectively alleviated the self-aggregation problem of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) in the treatment of Cr(VI) and improved the Cr(VI) reduction rate without changing the soil structure. The reduction effect of Cr(VI) in soil by key influencing factors such as carbon-iron ratio, initial pH value, and initial temperature was investigated. The results showed that nZVI modified hydro-thermal carbon composite (named RC-nZVI) had a good reduction effect on Cr(VI). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis showed that nZVI was evenly distributed on the surface of hydrothermal carbon, which effectively reduced the agglomeration of iron. Under the conditions of C/Fe = 1:2, 60 °C, with pH of 2, the average Cr(VI) content in soil decreased from 182.9 mg kg-1 to 21.6 mg kg-1. Adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) by RC-nZVI fit well with the pseudo-second-order model, and the kinetic velocity constant revealed that Cr(VI) reduction rate decreased with increasing initial Cr(VI) concentration. Cr(VI) reduction by RC-nZVI was mainly dominated by chemical adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiyang Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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13
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Ahmed SS, Khan TK, Abd El-Aziz GH, Shoala T, El-Garhy HAS, Fahmy AH. Implementation of Biopolymeric Nanomaterials to Reduce the Negative Impacts of Salinity on Tomato Quantity and Quality. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041594. [PMID: 36838587 PMCID: PMC9962965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable waste reduction strategies and innovative waste reduction concepts, as well as their application in the creation of compounds and products with added value, can benefit the economy while reducing environmental pressures. This research aimed to use biopolymeric nanomaterials to reduce the negative effects of salinity on tomato yield and quality. Three types of biopolymers (cellulose, pectin, and starch) were synthesized and characterized using natural materials such as rice straw, orange peel, and potato peel. The polymer's ability to retain sodium ions was investigated. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the potential of natural polymers (cellulose, starch, and pectin individually or in combination) to reduce the salinity side effects on tomato plants (Solanum Lycopersicon L.) cultivar (Super Strain B). Tomato seeds were germinated on soil bits for 20 days before planting five seedlings in each pot (20 cm diameter) with three replicates and filling each pot with sandy loam soil, with or without natural polymers at a rate of 2 g/Kg. The results revealed that all the polymers utilized had a superlative capability to hold sodium ions for both soluble and exchanged sodium. The use of various natural polymer hydrogels increased the number and fresh weight of tomato fruits. Data showed that using biopolymers hydrogels reduced salinity stress by rising the content of phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase. The use of natural biopolymers significantly improved total soluble solids, pH, and juice substance. Implementing biopolymeric materials could reduce environmental pressures while increasing farm income. Innovative waste reduction strategies, such as the creation of value-added products, will benefit the economy, and this work is a good start in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreen S. Ahmed
- Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Thana K. Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tahsin Shoala
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12563, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Hoda A. S. El-Garhy
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalyubia 13736, Egypt
| | - Ashraf H. Fahmy
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12619, Egypt
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14
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Liu X, Wang J, Liu T, Cheng Q, Li A, Li Y, Liu Z, Sun J, Liu D. Study on Epoxy Resin Composite Reinforced with Rice Straw Fiber. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1370. [PMID: 36837000 PMCID: PMC9967616 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance the performance of the epoxy resin-prepared materials, straw fiber was used as the reinforcing base in this study. The principle of this study is to use the cellulose component exposed after the defibrillation of straw fiber can be further combined with the epoxy group. Firstly, the degree of defibrillation of straw fiber under three different pretreatment methods of acid, alkali and moist heat treatment was explored, and a control test was conducted with untreated straw fiber, which showed that the defibrillation of the straw fiber after alkali treatment was better than the other two methods. Secondly, to prove the comprehensive effect of the pretreatment method and straw fiber filling amount on the composite material performance, this paper carried out a tensile, bending, density and water absorption test. The results showed that when the straw fiber filling was 15%, the best performance of the composites was achieved by the alkali treatment, with tensile strength and tensile modulus reaching 1.89 KN and 3.92 MPa, bending strength and bending modulus reaching 2.00 KN and 81.65 MPa, average water absorption reaching 2.77%, and density reaching 0.957 g/cm3. Finally, the results were verified using Image J software was used for verification. After comparison, the material meets the basic requirements of high-density fiberboard material and provides a reference for preparing straw epoxy resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dejun Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-9791-9119
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15
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Ko SR, Le VV, Kang M, Oh HM, Ahn CY. Mucilaginibacter straminoryzae sp. nov., isolated from rice straw used for growing periphyton. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 36790416 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-negative bacterium, strain RS28T, was isolated from rice straw used as material for periphyton growth. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain RS28T was affiliated with the genus Mucilaginibacter and had the highest sequence similarity to Mucilaginibacter ginkgonis HMF7856T (96.47 %) and Mucilaginibacter polytrichastri DSM 26907T (96.12 %). Strain RS28T was found to grow at pH 5.5-8.0, 17-40 °C and in the presence of 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain RS28T contained summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids (> 10.0 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids, three unidentified aminolipids and one unidentified lipid. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7. The genomic DNA G+C content was 44.7 mol%. Strain RS28T possessed six putative secondary metabolite gene clusters involved in the synthesis of resorcinol, NRPS-like, terpene, lassopeptide, T3PKS and arylpolyene. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain RS28T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter straminoryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RS28T (=KCTC 92039T=LMG 32424T).
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ra Ko
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ve Van Le
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyeong Kang
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wang Y, Cai J, Li D. Efficient degradation of rice straw through a novel psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus at low temperature. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1394-1403. [PMID: 36138337 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice straw (RS) is one of the largest sources of lignocellulosic, which is an abundant raw material for biofuels and chemicals. However, the natural degradation of RS under a low temperature environment is the biggest obstacle to returning straw to the field. RESULTS In the present study, one bacillus strain W118 was isolated. Strain W118 was identified as Bacillus cereus through morphological and physiological characterization and 16S rDNA sequencing. The optimum growth temperature and pH of strain W118 were 20 °C and 6.5, respectively. Simultaneously, it was found that the strain W118 grew well at low temperature, even at a temperature of 4 °C (OD600 = 1.40 ± 0.01). The decrease of various compositions of RS after the fermentation process at a temperature of 20 °C and 4 °C for 14 days was 27.00 ± 0.02% and 23.70 ± 0.04%, respectively. The composition of RS decreased to 50.71 ± 0.02% after being fermented at 4 °C for 25 days. The results of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction of RS showed that the compositions of RS were significant decreased. CONCLUSION This test suggests that the strain W118 is efficient for degrading RS at low temperature, which has great application potential for straw degradation in a low temperature area. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST) Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinling Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST) Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Demao Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biosystems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin, China
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17
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Tian P, Gong B, Bi K, Liu Y, Ma J, Wang X, Ouyang Z, Cui X. Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Pig Manure and Rice Straw: Optimization of Process Parameters for Enhancing Biogas Production and System Stability. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:804. [PMID: 36613125 PMCID: PMC9819941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to optimize the process parameters of the anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure and rice straw to maximize methane production and system stability. In this study, batch experiments were conducted with different mixing ratios of pig manure and rice straw (1:0, 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, and 0:1), total solid concentrations (6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14%), and inoculum accounts (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). The results show that a 1:5 mixing ratio of pig manure to rice straw, a 12% total solid content, and a 15% inoculum account yielded biogas up to 553.79 mL/g VS, which was a result of co-digestion increasing the cooperative index (CPI > 1). Likewise, the evolution of the pH and VFAs indicated that the co-digestion system was well-buffered and not easily inhibited by acidification or ammonia nitrogen. Moreover, the results of the Gompertz model's fitting showed that the cumulative methane production, delay period, effective methane production time, and methane production rate under optimal conditions were significantly superior compared to the other groups employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjiao Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Binbin Gong
- College of Life Science, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Kaijian Bi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Jiangxi Rural Energy and Enviroment Agency, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Jiangxi Rural Energy and Enviroment Agency, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiqing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Zhangsun Ouyang
- Jiangxi Rural Energy and Enviroment Agency, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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18
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Ashoor S, Mallapureddy KK, Sukumaran RK. Sequential mild acid and alkali pretreatment of rice straw to improve enzymatic saccharification for bioethanol production. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:231-238. [PMID: 35559826 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2073597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sequential pretreatment using different NaOH concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, w/w) and 1% H2SO4 (w/w) was evaluated as a strategy for effective hydrolysis of rice straw. The efficiency of sequential NaOH and H2SO4 (SNA) pretreatment against sequential H2SO4 and NaOH (SH) was assessed. SH pretreated biomass attained more sugar yield compared to SNA pretreated biomass. The sugar yields from pretreated biomass improved with increasing NaOH concentration in both SH and SNA treatments. The maximum sugar release of 40.6 mg/ml (83.2% efficiency) was obtained from SH pretreated biomass when the stage 2 alkali treatment was performed at 1.5% w/w NaOH. The non-detoxified hydrolysate from this biomass was fermented with 96.8% efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Ashoor
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kiran Kumar Mallapureddy
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Rajeev K Sukumaran
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Takizawa S, Asano R, Abe K, Fukuda Y, Baba Y, Sakurai R, Tada C, Nakai Y. Relationship Between Rumen Microbial Composition and Fibrolytic Isozyme Activity During the Biodegradation of Rice Straw Powder Using Rumen Fluid. Microbes Environ 2023; 38:ME23041. [PMID: 37766554 PMCID: PMC10522846 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me23041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumen fibrolytic microorganisms have been used to increase the rate of lignocellulosic biomass biodegradation; however, the microbial and isozymatic characteristics of biodegradation remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between rumen microorganisms and fibrolytic isozymes associated with lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis. Rice straw, a widely available agricultural byproduct, was ground and used as a substrate. The biodegradation of rice straw powder was performed anaerobically in rumen fluid for 48 h. The results obtained revealed that 31.6 and 23.3% of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were degraded. The total concentration of volatile fatty acids showed a 1.8-fold increase (from 85.4 to 151.6 mM) in 48 h, and 1,230.1 mL L-1 of CO2 and 523.5 mL L-1 of CH4 were produced. The major isozymes identified by zymograms during the first 12 h were 51- and 140-kDa carboxymethyl cellulases (CMCases) and 23- and 57-kDa xylanases. The band densities of 37-, 53-, and 58-kDa CMCases and 38-, 44-, and 130-kDa xylanases increased from 24 to 36 h. A microbial ana-lysis indicated that the relative abundances of Prevotella, Fibrobacter, and Bacteroidales RF16 bacteria, Neocallimastix and Cyllamyces fungi, and Dasytricha and Polyplastron protozoa were related to fibrolytic isozyme activity. The present results provide novel insights into the relationships between fibrolytic isozymes and rumen microorganisms during lignocellulose biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Takizawa
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Yomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5–3–1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102–0083, Japan
| | - Ryoki Asano
- Department of Agro-Food Science, Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, Hiranedai 2416, Tainai, Niigata 959–2702, Japan
| | - Kenichi Abe
- Department of Agro-Food Science, Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, Hiranedai 2416, Tainai, Niigata 959–2702, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Yomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711, Japan
| | - Yasunori Baba
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu 1–308, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921–8836, Japan
| | - Riku Sakurai
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Yomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711, Japan
| | - Chika Tada
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Yomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakai
- Department of Agro-Food Science, Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, Hiranedai 2416, Tainai, Niigata 959–2702, Japan
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20
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Li Y, Chen X, Zhuo Z, Li X, Sun T, Liu P, Lei T. Co-Thermal Oxidation of Lignite and Rice Straw for Synthetization of Composite Humic Substances: Parametric Optimization via Response Surface Methodology. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16875. [PMID: 36554757 PMCID: PMC9778861 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Baoqing lignite (BL) and rice straw (RS), which were the representatives of low-rank coal and biomass, were co-thermally oxidized to produce composite humic substances (HS), including humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA). Taking HS content as the output response, the co-thermally oxidizing conditions were optimized through single factor experiment and response surface methodology (RSM). The structures of HA and FA prepared under optimized conditions were analyzed by SEM, UV, and FTIR. Results showed that HS content was clearly influenced by the material ratio, oxidation time, and oxidation temperature, as well as their interactions. The optimized co-thermal oxidization condition was as follows: BL and RS pretreated with a material ratio of 0.53, oxidation time of 59.50 min, and oxidation temperature of 75.63 °C. Through verification, the experimental value (62.37%) had a small relative error compared to the predicted value (62.27%), which indicated that the developed models were fit and accurate. The obtained HA had a tightly packed block structure; FA had a loosely spherical shape. The molecular weight of FA was 2487 Da and HA was 20,904 Da; both had a smaller molecular weight than that reported in other literature. FA showed strong bands at 1720 cm-1, thus confirming the presence of more oxygen-containing functional groups. The appearance of double peaks at 2900~2980 cm-1 indicated that HA contains more aliphatic chains. The co-thermal oxidation of BL and RS gives a new method for the synthesis of HS, and the optimization of co-thermal oxidation conditions will provide fundamental information for the industrialization of composite HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Li
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhen Zhuo
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering for Energy Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tanglei Sun
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Hu T, Pham DM, Kasai T, Katayama A. The Emergence of Extracellular Electron Mediating Functionality in Rice Straw-Artificial Soil Mixture during Humification. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15173. [PMID: 36429897 PMCID: PMC9691237 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the origin of extracellular electron mediating (EEM) functionality and redox-active center(s) in humic substances, where they are ubiquitously distributed. Here, we show the emergence of EEM functionality during the humification of rice straw in artificial soil (kaolin and sand) with a matric potential of -100 cm at 20 °C for one year. We used the dechlorination activity of an EEM material-dependent pentachlorophenol-dechlorinating anaerobic microbial consortium as an index of the EEM functionality. Although rice straw and its mixture with artificial soil did not initially have EEM functionality, it emerged after one month of humification and increased until six months after which the functionality was maintained for one year. Chemical and electrochemical characterizations demonstrated that the emergence and increase in EEM functionality were correlated with the degradation of rice straw, formation of quinone structures, a decrease in aromatic structures, an increase in nitrogenous and aliphatic structures, and specific electric capacitance during humification. The newly formed quinone structure was suggested as a potential redox-active center for the EEM functionality. These findings provide novel insights into the dynamic changes in EEM functionality during the humification of organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Duyen Minh Pham
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takuya Kasai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Arata Katayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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22
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Abstract
The pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds (SCG) and polymers was examined as a waste treatment option for energy recovery and carbon sequestration. Rice straw-derived biochar was used as control biochar to evaluate the sorption capacity and energy production capability of SCG-derived biochar. SCG are characterised by high levels of volatile matter, rendering them suitable as an energy source. SCG were converted to biochar, bio-oil, and syngas via pyrolysis, with yields of 22%, 33%, and 45%, respectively. The high heating value (HHV) of the biochar and bio-oil was 20.6 and 22.9 MJ kg-1, respectively, indicating that they could be used as supplementary fuels. Co-pyrolysis with polymers (20 v v%-1) increased the HHV of biochar. Accordingly, the maximum production of CH4 and H2 increased from 0.3 and 0.04 mmol g-1 to 3.4-6.3 and 0.8-1.3 mmol g-1, respectively. Polystyrene most strongly enhanced the yields of CH4 and H2, followed by polypropylene and polyethylene; this order was likely to be in accordance with the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms present in the monomers. Similar to rice straw-derived biochar, the biochar produced from SCG demonstrated a high sorption capacity for 2,4-dinitrotoluene and chromate due to its high carbon content and anion exchange capacity, respectively. Laboratory pot tests revealed that the coffee grounds-derived biochar was able to increase the growth of young radish. Our results suggest that the pyrolysis of SCG and polymer may be a promising option for waste treatment, energy production, and carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Young Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jung-In Sohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
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Jumrus S, Yamuangmorn S, Veeradittakit J, Kamthai S, Lordkaew S, Suwan T, Jamjod S, Prom-u-thai C. Variation of Anthocyanin, Phenol, and Antioxidant Capacity in Straw among Rice Varieties and Growing Locations as a Potential Source of Natural Bioactive Compounds. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2903. [PMID: 36365356 PMCID: PMC9655959 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the variation in bioactive compounds (anthocyanins, phenols, and antioxidants) among 22 rice varieties in the same growing locations and among four varieties collected from eight different provinces in Northern Thailand. Wide variation in anthocyanins, phenols, and antioxidant capacity was established, ranging from 1.6 to 33.0 mg/100 g, 249.9 to 477.7 mg gallic acid/100 g, and 0 to 3,288.5 mg trolox equivalent/100 g, respectively. The highest straw anthocyanin and phenol concentrations were found in KDK (a traditional photoperiod-sensitive variety with purple pericarp and leaves) and K4 (an advanced, photoperiod-insensitive variety with purple pericarp and leaves), while the highest antioxidant capacity was found in KH CMU (an improved traditional photoperiod sensitive variety with a purple pericarp and green leaves) and K4. The variation of the bioactive compounds was also found in the same variety grown at different locations, e.g., the KDMl105 grown in Prayao province had a straw anthocyanin concentration higher than when grown in Mae Hong Son province. The effect was also observed in phenol content and antioxidant capacity when the same rice variety was grown across various locations. A significant correlation between total phenol and antioxidant capacity was observed across rice varieties and growing locations but was not found between anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity. This study found that the bioactive compounds in rice straw varied among rice varieties and growing locations. Straw phenol acts as a major antioxidant that can be used as a characteristic for the selection of rice varieties with high antioxidant capacity for use at the industrial scale for the processing of food, pharmaceuticals, and medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Jumrus
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Jeeraporn Veeradittakit
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suthaphat Kamthai
- Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-industry, Faculty of Agro-industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sithisavet Lordkaew
- Center of Agricultural Resource Systems, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Teewara Suwan
- Center of Excellence in Natural Disaster Management (CENDIM), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sansanee Jamjod
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Prom-u-thai
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Zhang Y, Li LY, Wen J, Zeng XB, Su SM. [Arsenic Methylation Efficiency Changes During Paddy Soil Drying and Its Key Influencing Factors Analysis]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:4820-4830. [PMID: 36096622 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The straight head disease of rice is one of the main problems limiting rice production. Arsenic (As) methylation in paddy soils is considered to be highly related to the occurrence of the straight head disease. As a typical field practice, rice fields are usually drained during the late tillering stage and the mid-late grain filling stage. Nevertheless, the key influencing factors on the As methylation efficiency during paddy soil drying remain unclear. In this study, an indoor cultivation experiment was set up to simulate the drying process of paddy soil. Two As-contaminated soils collected from Xingren (XR) in Guizhou province and Nandan (ND) in Guangxi province were used as test soils. Each soil was treated with the addition of rice straw (RS) and without rice straw (CK). With the drying of paddy soil (0, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h), the changes in soil Eh, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), and As chemical species in the porewater were determined. The abundance of the As methylation functional gene (arsM), sulfate-reducing bacteria (harboring dsrA, As methylation-related microorganism), and methanogens (harboring mcrA, As demethylation-related microorganism), as well as the diversity of arsM-harboring microorganisms, were also observed. The results showed that during the process of drying paddy soil, soil Eh changed from -300--200 mV under complete flooding to -150--50 mV after drying; however, the change in soil pH was not obvious. The concentrations of inorganic As (iAs) and dimethylarsenic (DMAs) in porewater significantly increased (P<0.05) with the drying process. Additionally, the concentration of DMAs in the RS treatment was prominently higher than that in CK. Compared with XR soil, the concentration of DMAs in ND soil was higher. As a function of soil drying time, the As methylation efficiency of XR soil (XR-CK and XR-RS) slightly increased but was not significant (P>0.05), whereas the As methylation efficiency of ND soil (ND-CK and ND-RS) increased significantly (P<0.05). After the drying time reached 60 h, the As methylation efficiency of ND-CK and ND-RS increased by 61.8% and 23.2%, respectively, compared with those at the early stage of drying (0 hours). The copy numbers of the arsM and dsrA genes greatly increased with the extension of drying time, whereas an opposite trend was observed for the copy number of the mcrA gene. Furthermore, the addition of straw obviously increased the gene abundance of whole bacteria and arsM-, dsrA-, and mcrA-harboring bacteria. Based on the multi-factor analysis of variance and the redundancy analysis, it was found that the test soil type, straw addition, drying time, and their interaction had a critical influence on the changes in As species, As methylation efficiency, and the gene abundance in soils. TOC, Eh, and the functional genes associated with As methylation were positively linked with the methylated As content in soil porewater but negatively correlated with that of iAs. According to the sequence of the arsM-harboring microbe, it was clearly demonstrated that a community shift of As-methylating microbe occurred with the soil drying. Here, the following conclusions were derived:① the drying process did not lower the As methylation efficiency in paddy soil. On the contrary, in this study, the As methylation efficiency, especially that for ND soil, remarkably improved. The addition of straw notably promoted the As methylation efficiency and the content of DMAs in porewater. ② An increasing tendency was observed for the abundance of microbes related to As methylation, whereas a reverse trend was indicated for microbes related to As demethylation. The community shift of arsM-harboring microbes might be the crucial reason for the improved As methylation efficiency during the soil drying. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the As methylation process during paddy soil drying and will shed light on the future mitigation of rice straight head disease in paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiong Wen
- Yueyang Agricultural Environment Scientific Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yueyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yueyang 414000, China
| | - Xi-Bai Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shi-Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Ma Y, Chen X, Zahoor Khan M, Xiao J, Liu S, Wang J, Alugongo GM, Cao Z. Biodegradation and hydrolysis of rice straw with corn steep liquor and urea-alkali pretreatment. Front Nutr 2022; 9:989239. [PMID: 35990351 PMCID: PMC9387106 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.989239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the corn steep liquor (CSL) and urea-alkali pretreatment effect to enhance biodegradation and hydrolysis of rice straw (RS) by ruminal microbiome. The first used RS (1) without (Con) or with additives of (2) 4% CaO (Ca), (3) 2.5% urea plus 4% CaO (UCa) and (4) 9% corn steep liquor + 2.5% urea + 4% CaO (CUCa), and then the efficacy of CSL plus urea-alkali pretreatment was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, cellulose degree of polymerization and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively, results showed that Ca, UCa, and CUCa pretreatment altered the physical and chemical structure of RS. CSL plus Urea-alkali pretreated enhanced microbial colonization by improving the enzymolysis efficiency of RS, and specially induced adhesion of Carnobacterium and Staphylococcus. The CUCa pretreatment could be developed to improve RS nutritional value as forage for ruminants, or as feedstock for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gibson Maswayi Alugongo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Lian SH, Zhang SN, Liu F, Xing HL, Wu JS. [Phosphorus Adsorption Characteristics of Different Biochar Types and Its Influencing Factors]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:3692-3698. [PMID: 35791552 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202109156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the resource utilization of plant biomass, five types of biomass materials were used to produce biochar to treat wastewater containing phosphorus. The phosphorus adsorption capacity of five materials was preliminarily compared through laboratory experiments, and two materials with strong phosphorus adsorption capacity were screened out. The physicochemical characteristics of the selected biochar were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and a BET specific surface area analyzer, and the effects of different pH values on phosphorus adsorption of the biochar were investigated. Furthermore, the phosphorus adsorption characteristics of the selected biochar were analyzed via isothermal adsorption and adsorption kinetics models. The results showed that among the five biochar materials, only rice straw and corn straw biochar had the ability to adsorb phosphorus. The Langmuir isothermal adsorption curve showed that the adsorption capacity of rice straw biochar for phosphorus in wastewater was stronger than that of corn straw biochar, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity was as follows:rice straw biochar (9.78 mg·g-1)>corn straw biochar (0.39 mg·g-1). The specific surface area (148.30 m2·g-1) and total pore volume (0.11 cm3·g-1) of rice straw biochar were much higher than those of corn straw biochar (8.26 m2·g-1 and 0.03 cm3·g-1, respectively), and the contents of Mg, Ca, Fe, and Al were higher in rice straw biochar. The best pH for phosphorus adsorption of rice straw biochar and corn straw biochar was acidic. In different pH ranges (3.0-11.0), the phosphorus adsorption capacity of rice straw and corn straw biochar decreased with the increase in pH. These results indicated that rice straw biochar has strong phosphorus adsorption capacity and has a better application prospect in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Hai Lian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Lin Xing
- Hunan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Pollution Monitoring for Environmental Protection, Changsha 410014, China
| | - Jin-Shui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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Chen X, Ma Y, Khan MZ, Xiao J, Alugongo GM, Li S, Wang Y, Cao Z. A Combination of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Molasses Improves Fermentation Quality, Chemical Composition, Physicochemical Structure, in vitro Degradability and Rumen Microbiota Colonization of Rice Straw. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:900764. [PMID: 35754539 PMCID: PMC9213808 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.900764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aims to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and LAB-molasses (LAB + M) combination on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, physicochemical properties, in vitro degradability of rice straw and the characteristics of rumen microbial colonization on rice straw surface. Methods and Results There were three pretreatments, including control (not treated, Con), treated with LAB, or LAB + M. The results showed that both LAB and LAB + M treatments altered the physical and chemical structures of rice straw and were revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) spectroscopy, respectively. Moreover, both LAB and LAB + M pretreated rice straw increased the crude protein (CP) content, dry matter (DM) recovery, and in vitro digestibility and decreased the pH value, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents. The LAB + M pretreated rice straw increased the gas production (GP72) and rumen microbial colonization on the rice straw surface. Conclusions It is observed that LAB + M treatment could increase digestibility and the rumen microbial colonization on the rice straw surface. Therefore, LAB + M treatment can provide an alternative strategy to improve the quality of rice straw. Significance and impact of the study: This study provides an optimal pretreatment to improve the rice straw digestibility and rumen microbial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gibson Maswayi Alugongo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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28
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Yang F, Jin Z, Nawaz M, Xiao Y, Jiang Y, Hu J, Li J, Gao MT. Oligosaccharides in straw hydrolysate could improve the production of single-cell protein with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:2928-2936. [PMID: 34762318 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using agricultural wastes to produce single-cell proteins (SCP) can reduce production costs effectively. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of enzyme loading on the components of rice straw (RS) hydrolysate and their effects on the growth of yeast. RESULTS At the same glucose concentration, the dry weight of cells produced in the hydrolysate was 2.89 times higher than that in 2 g L-1 yeast extract (YE) medium, indicating that the hydrolysate was a suitable substrate for yeast growth. Ethanol precipitation followed by analysis showed that there were many oligosaccharides in the hydrolysate. The amount of cellulase had an important effect on the production of monosaccharides but had a smaller effect on the amounts and compositions of oligosaccharides. Adding oligosaccharides to the medium had no effect on ethanol production, but it promoted yeast growth and increased SCP production effectively. The results indicate that oligosaccharides were an important growth factor for yeast in the hydrolysate. Compared with YE medium, the cost of the medium with the hydrolysate was reduced by 68.47% when the same dry cell weight was obtained. CONCLUSION Oligosaccharides in the hydrolysate can improve SCP production with low nutrient cost. This finding could reduce the amounts of cellulase required during saccharification and nutrients during culture, providing a new low-cost method for SCP production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yipeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixiang Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Tian Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Yunqing Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zibo, China
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Wang X, Song J, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang Y. Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community of Corn Stover or Rice Straw Silage Mixed with Soybean Curd Residue. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070919. [PMID: 35405907 PMCID: PMC8996933 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the fermentation quality and microbial community of corn stover (CS) or rice straw (RS) silage mixed with soybean curd residue (SCR). In this study, SCR and CS or RS were mixed at ratios of 75:25, 70:30, and 65:35, respectively, and measured for nutrient content, fermentation indices, and bacterial diversity after 30 days of ensiling. The results showed an increase in lactic acid (LA) concentration (p < 0.01) and crude protein (CP) content (p < 0.0001), a decrease in pH value (p < 0.01), the content of NDF (p < 0.01) and ADF (p < 0.01), and ammonia nitrogen (AN) concentration (p < 0.01) as the proportion of SCR in raw materials (CS or RS) increased. The addition of SCR to silage led to a decrease in bacterial diversity and contributed to an increased relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms, such as Lactobacillus, and a corresponding decrease in the relative abundance of undesirable microorganisms, such as Clostridium and Enterobacter. Collectively, the mixed silage of soybean curd residue with corn stover or rice straw preserved more nutrients and helped improve fermentation quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guangning Zhang
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-5519-0840 (G.Z. & Y.Z.)
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-5519-0840 (G.Z. & Y.Z.)
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Madival AS, Doreswamy D, Handady SA, Hebbar KR, Lakshminarayana SK. Investigation of the Mechanical and Liquid Absorption Properties of a Rice Straw-Based Composite for Ayurvedic Treatment Tables. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:606. [PMID: 35057325 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Managing rice crop stubble is one of the major challenges witnessed in the agricultural sector. This work attempts to investigate the physical, mechanical, and liquid absorption properties of rice straw (RS)-reinforced polymer composite for assessing its suitability to use as an ayurvedic treatment table. This material is expected to be an alternative for wooden-based ayurvedic treatment tables. The results showed that the addition of rice straw particles (RSp) up to 60% volume in epoxy reduced the density of the composite material by 46.20% and the hardness by 15.69%. The maximum tensile and flexural strength of the RSp composite was 17.53 MPa and 43.23 MPa, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed deposits of silica in the form of phytoliths in various size and shapes on the outer surface of RS. The study also revealed that the water absorption rate (WA) was less than 7.8% for the test samples with 45% volume of RSp. Interestingly the test samples showed greater resistance to the absorption of Kottakal Dhanvantaram Thailam (<2%). In addition, the developed samples showed resistance towards bacterial and fungal growth under the exposure of treatment oils and water.
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Yi S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Ma Z, Wang R, Wu D, Wei Z, Tan Z, Zhang B, Wang M. Brittle Culm 15 mutation alters carbohydrate composition, degradation and methanogenesis of rice straw during in vitro ruminal fermentation. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:975456. [PMID: 35991441 PMCID: PMC9389288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Brittle Culm 15 (BC15) gene encodes a membrane-associated chitinase-like protein that participates in cellulose synthesis, and BC15 gene mutation affects cell wall composition in plant, such as cellulose or hemicellulose. The present study was designed to investigate the changes of carbohydrates composition in bc15 mutant straw, and the resulting consequence on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis, and microbial populations (qPCR) during in vitro ruminal fermentation process. Two substrates, bc15 mutant and wild-type (WT) rice straws, were selected for in vitro rumen batch culture. The first experiment was designed to investigate the kinetics of total gas and CH4 production through 48-h in vitro ruminal fermentation, while the second experiment selected incubation time of 12 and 48 h to represent the early and late stage of in vitro ruminal incubation, respectively, and then investigated changes in biodegradation, fermentation end products, and selected representative microbial populations. The bc15 mutant straw had lower contents of cellulose, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), and higher contents of water-soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent solubles (NDS) and monosaccharides. The bc15 mutant straw exhibited a distinct kinetics of 48-h total gas and CH4 production with faster increases in early incubation when compared with WT straw. The bc15 mutant straw had higher DM degradation, NDF degradation and total volatile fatty acid concentration at 12 h of incubation, and lower NDF degradation and CH4 production at 48 h of incubation, together with lower acetate to propionate ratio and ADF degradation and higher butyrate molar percentage and NDS degradation at both incubation times. Furthermore, the bc15 mutant straw resulted in greater 16S gene copies of F. succinogenes, with lower 18S gene copies of fungi at both incubation times. These results indicated that the BC15 gene mutation decreased fibrosis of cell wall of rice straw, enhanced degradation at the early stage of rumen fermentation, and shifts fermentation pattern from acetate to propionate and butyrate production, leading to the decreased volume and fractional rate of CH4 production. However, BC15 gene mutation may enhance hardenability of cell wall structure of rice straw, which is more resistant for microbial colonization with decreased fiber degradation. Thus, this study modified rice straw by manipulating a cell wall biosynthesis gene and provides a potential strategy to alter degradation and CH4 production during in vitro ruminal fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duanqin Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongshan Wei
- Institute of Hunan Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Min Wang,
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Rosado MJ, Marques G, Rencoret J, Gutiérrez A, del Río JC. Chemical Composition of Lipophilic Compounds From Rice ( Oryza sativa) Straw: An Attractive Feedstock for Obtaining Valuable Phytochemicals. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:868319. [PMID: 35392522 PMCID: PMC8981202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.868319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw is a highly abundant, widely available, and low cost agricultural waste that can be used as a source to extract valuable phytochemicals of industrial interest. Hence, in the present work, the chemical composition of the lipophilic compounds present in rice straw was thoroughly characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry using medium-length high-temperature capillary columns, which allowed the identification of a wide range of lipophilic compounds, from low molecular weight fatty acids to high molecular weight sterols esters, sterol glucosides, or triglycerides in the same chromatogram. The most abundant lipophilic compounds in rice straw were fatty acids, which accounted for up to 6,400 mg/kg (41.0% of all identified compounds), followed by free sterols (1,600 mg/kg; 10.2%), sterol glucosides (1,380 mg/kg; 8.8%), fatty alcohols (1,150 mg/kg; 7.4%), and triglycerides (1,140 mg/kg; 7.3%), along with lower amounts of high molecular weight wax esters (900 mg/kg; 5.8%), steroid ketones (900 mg/kg; 5.8%), monoglycerides (600 mg/kg; 3.8%), alkanes (400 mg/kg; 2.6%), diglycerides (380 mg/kg; 2.4%), sterol esters (380 mg/kg; 2.4%), tocopherols (340 mg/kg; 2.2%), and steroid hydrocarbons (60 mg/kg; 0.4%). This information is of great use for the valorization of rice straw to obtain valuable lipophilic compounds of interest for the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries. Moreover, this knowledge is also useful for other industrial uses of rice straw, as in pulp and papermaking, since some lipophilic compounds are at the origin of the so-called pitch deposits during pulping.
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Li J, Ding H, Zhao J, Wang S, Dong Z, Shao T. Characterization and identification of a novel microbial consortium M2 and its effect on fermentation quality and enzymatic hydrolysis of sterile rice straw. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1687-1699. [PMID: 34662476 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate and enrich lignocellulolytic microbial consortia from yak (Bos grunniens) rumen and evaluate their effects on the fermentation characteristics and enzymatic hydrolysis in rice straw silage. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel microbial consortium M2 with high CMCase and xylanase activities was enriched and observed to be prone to use natural carbon sources. Its predominant genus was Enterococcus, and most carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes belonged to the glycosyl hydrolases class. The consortium M2 was introduced with or without combined lactic acid bacteria (XA) to rice straw silage for 60 days. Inoculating the consortium M2 notably decreased the structural carbohydrate contents and pH of rice straw silages. Treatment that combines consortium M2 and XA resulted in the highest levels of lactic acid and lignocellulose degradation. The consortium M2 alone or combined with XA significantly (p < 0.01) increased water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs), mono- and disaccharides contents compared with the XA silage. Combined addition obviously improved the enzymatic conversion efficiency of rice straw silage with higher glucose and xylose yields (23.39 and 12.91 w/w% DM, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Ensiling pretreatment with the microbial consortium M2 in sterile rice straw improved fermentation characteristics. The combined application of consortium M2 with XA had synergistic effects on promoting the degradation of structural carbohydrates and enzymatic hydrolysis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Rice straw is difficult to ensile because of its low WSC and high structural carbohydrate contents. The microbial consortium M2 identified herein exhibits great potential for degrading fibrous substrates, and their combination with XA provides a faster and more effective synergistic strategy for biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Naher L, Fatin SN, Sheikh MAH, Azeez LA, Siddiquee S, Zain NM, Karim SMR. Cellulase Enzyme Production from Filamentous Fungi Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus awamori in Submerged Fermentation with Rice Straw. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100868. [PMID: 34682288 PMCID: PMC8539901 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a diverse group of microorganisms that play many roles in human livelihoods. However, the isolation of potential fungal species is the key factor to their utilization in different sectors, including the enzyme industry. Hence, in this study, we used two different fungal repositories—soil and weed leaves—to isolate filamentous fungi and evaluate their potential to produce the cellulase enzyme. The fungal strains were isolated using dichloran rose bengal agar (DRBA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). For cellulase enzyme production, a rice straw submerged fermentation process was used. The enzyme production was carried out at the different incubation times of 3, 5, and 7 days of culture in submerged conditions with rice straw. Fungal identification studies by morphological and molecular methods showed that the soil colonies matched with Trichoderma reesei, and the weed leaf colonies matched with Aspergillus awamori. These species were coded as T. reesei UMK04 and A. awamori UMK02, respectively. This is the first report of A. awamori UMK02 isolation in Malaysian agriculture. The results of cellulase production using the two fungi incorporated with rice straw submerged fermentation showed that T. reesei produced a higher amount of cellulase at Day 5 (27.04 U/mg of dry weight) as compared with A. awamori (15.19 U/mg of dry weight), and the concentration was significantly different (p < 0.05). Our results imply that T. reesei can be utilized for cellulase production using rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Naher
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia; (S.N.F.); (M.A.H.S.); (L.A.A.); (N.M.Z.)
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Institute of Research and Poverty Management (InsPek), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Bachok, Bachok 16400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Siti Noor Fatin
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia; (S.N.F.); (M.A.H.S.); (L.A.A.); (N.M.Z.)
| | - Md Abdul Halim Sheikh
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia; (S.N.F.); (M.A.H.S.); (L.A.A.); (N.M.Z.)
| | - Lateef Adebola Azeez
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia; (S.N.F.); (M.A.H.S.); (L.A.A.); (N.M.Z.)
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
| | - Shaiquzzaman Siddiquee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
| | - Norhafizah Md Zain
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia; (S.N.F.); (M.A.H.S.); (L.A.A.); (N.M.Z.)
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Institute of Research and Poverty Management (InsPek), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Bachok, Bachok 16400, Malaysia
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Teeravivattanakit T, Baramee S, Ketbot P, Waeonukul R, Pason P, Tachaapaikoon C, Ratanakhanokchai K, Phitsuwan P. Digestibility of Bacillus firmus K-1 pretreated rice straw by different commercial cellulase cocktails. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:508-513. [PMID: 34455937 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1969575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Removal of xylan in plant biomass is believed to increase cellulose hydrolysis by uncovering cellulose surfaces for cellulase adsorption and, in turn, catalysis reaction. Herein, we describe an eco-friendly method by culturing a xylanolytic Bacillus firmus K-1 on rice straw to remove xylan. The bacterium was grown on 2.5% (w/v) rice straw with different biomass particle sizes for two days at 37 °C. We found that the particle sizes ranged from <1 to 5 mm gave a similar xylan removal degree (about 21%). Besides, the porosity and disintegration of the rice straw fibers were observed at the molecular level. The digestibility of pretreated rice straw was tested with different commercial cellulase cocktails. We found that the pretreated rice straw was more susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis, giving 30-70% glucan conversion than the untreated one. The degree of cellulose hydrolysis depended strongly on the kinds of enzyme and their formulations. HighlightCulturing B. firmus K-1 on rice straw yielded about 21% removal of xylan.Particle sizes (of 1-5 mm) had negligible effects on xylan removal efficiency.The degree of glucan conversion in pretreated biomass relied on enzyme formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Teeravivattanakit
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Baramee
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prattana Ketbot
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patthra Pason
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paripok Phitsuwan
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ungprasoot P, Muanruksa P, Tanamool V, Winterburn J, Kaewkannetra P. Valorization of Aquatic Weed and Agricultural Residues for Innovative Biopolymer Production and Their Biodegradation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172838. [PMID: 34502878 PMCID: PMC8434089 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, water hyacinths, bagasse and rice straw were valorized to produce an innovative biopolymer. Serial steps of extraction, bleaching and conversion of cellulose to be carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as well as the last steps of blending and molding were performed. The CMC was mixed with tapioca starch solution by a ratio of 9:18, and a plastic sizer of glycerol was varied at 2%, 4% and 6% by volume. In addition, bioplastic sheets were further determined in their properties and biodegradation. The results revealed that bioplastics with 6% glycerol showed a high moisture content of 23% and water solubility was increased by about 47.94% over 24 h. The effect of temperature on bioplastic stability was found in the ranges of 146.28–169.25 °C. Furthermore, bioplastic sheets with 2% glycerol could maintain their shape. Moreover, for texture analysis, the highest elastic texture in the range of 33.74–38.68% with 6% glycerol was used. Moreover, bioplastics were then tested for their biodegradation by landfill method. Under natural conditions, they degraded at about 10.75% by weight over 24 h after burying in 10 cm soil depth. After 144 h, bioplastics were completely decomposed. Successfully, the application of water, weed and agricultural wastes as raw materials to produce innovative bioplastic showed maximum benefits for an environmentally friendly product, which could also be a guideline for an alternative to replace synthetic plastics derived from petroleum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Papasanee Muanruksa
- Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Varavut Tanamool
- Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - James Winterburn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science (CEAS), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Pakawadee Kaewkannetra
- Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Guo X, Zheng P, Zou X, Chen X, Zhang Q. Influence of Pyroligneous Acid on Fermentation Parameters, CO 2 Production and Bacterial Communities of Rice Straw and Stylo Silage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:701434. [PMID: 34305868 PMCID: PMC8297647 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.701434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a primary greenhouse gas and the main cause of global warming. Respiration from plant cells and microorganisms enables CO2 to be produced during ensiling, a method of moist forage preservation applied worldwide. However, limited information is available regarding CO2 emissions and mitigation during ensiling. Pyroligneous acid, a by-product of plant biomass pyrolysis, has a strong antibacterial capacity. To investigate CO2 production and the influence of pyroligneous acid, fresh stylo, and rice straw were ensiled with or without 1% or 2% pyroligneous acid. Dynamics of the fermentation characteristics, CO2 production, and bacterial communities during ensiling were analyzed. Pyroligneous acid increased the lactic acid content and decreased the weight losses, pH, ammonia-N content, butyric acid content, and coliform bacterial numbers (all P < 0.05). It also increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the relative abundances of harmful bacteria such as Enterobacter and Lachnoclostridium. Adding pyrolytic acids reduced the gas production, especially of CO2. It also increased the relative abundances of CO2-producing bacterial genera and of genera with the potential for CO2 fixation. In conclusion, adding pyroligneous acid improved the fermentation quality of the two silages. During ensiling, CO2 production was correlated with bacterial community alterations. Using pyroligneous acid altered the bacterial community to reduce CO2 production during ensiling. Given the large production and demand for silage worldwide, application of pyroligneous acid may be an effective method of mitigating global warming via CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Yin C, Wang M, Ma Q, Bian H, Ren H, Dai H, Cheng J. Valorization of Rice Straw via Hydrotropic Lignin Extraction and Its Characterization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144123. [PMID: 34299398 PMCID: PMC8305794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice straw hydrotropic lignin was extracted from p-Toluene sulfonic acid (p-TsOH) fractionation with a different combined delignification factor (CDF). Hydrotropic lignin characterization was systematically investigated, and alkaline lignin was also studied for the contrast. Results showed that the hydrotropic rice straw lignin particle was in nanometer scopes. Compared with alkaline lignin, the hydrotropic lignin had greater molecular weight. NMR analysis showed that β-aryl ether linkage was well preserved at low severities, and the unsaturation in the side chain of hydrotropic lignin was high. H units and G units were preferentially degraded and subsequently condensed at high severity. High severity also resulted in the cleavage of part β-aryl ether linkage. 31P-NMR showed the decrease in aliphatic hydroxyl groups and the increasing carboxyl group content at high severity. The maximum weight loss temperature of the hydrotropic lignin was in the range of 330–350 °C, higher than the alkaline lignin, and the glass conversion temperature (Tg) of the hydrotropic lignin was in the range of 107–125 °C, lower than that of the alkaline lignin. The hydrotropic lignin has high β-aryl ether linkage content, high activity, nanoscale particle size, and low Tg, which is beneficial for its further valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxin Yin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (C.Y.); (M.W.); (H.B.); (H.R.); (H.D.)
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (C.Y.); (M.W.); (H.B.); (H.R.); (H.D.)
| | - Qingzhi Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (C.Y.); (M.W.); (H.B.); (H.R.); (H.D.)
| | - Hao Ren
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (C.Y.); (M.W.); (H.B.); (H.R.); (H.D.)
| | - Hongqi Dai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (C.Y.); (M.W.); (H.B.); (H.R.); (H.D.)
| | - Jinlan Cheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (C.Y.); (M.W.); (H.B.); (H.R.); (H.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Fernández C, Romero T, Martí JV, Moya VJ, Hernando I, Loor JJ. Energy, nitrogen partitioning, and methane emissions in dairy goats differ when an isoenergetic and isoproteic diet contained orange leaves and rice straw crop residues. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7830-7844. [PMID: 33865581 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating rice straw and orange leaves into the diets for goats. Ten Murciano-Granadina goats at mid lactation weighing 45 ± 0.3 kg were used in a crossover design. Two isoproteic and isoenergetic diets (180 g/kg DM and 17 MJ/kg DM, respectively) with alfalfa hay as forage source (33% of DM) were fed. A control diet (CON) incorporated barley as energy source and soy hulls as fiber component. The experimental diet (ORG) replaced barley and soy hulls with orange leaves (19% on DM basis), rice straw (12%, on DM basis) and soya oil (2%). Peas and horsebeans were the protein source in both diets. Each goat received the 2 treatments in 2 periods. Goats were fed the experimental diets and after 14 d on their respective treatments moved to individual metabolism cages for another 7 d. Subsequently, feed intake, total fecal and urine output and milk yield were recorded daily over the first 5 d. During the next 2 d ruminal fluid and blood samples were collected, and then individual gas-exchange measurements were recorded by a mobile open-circuit indirect calorimetry system using a head box. No differences in dry matter intake were detected, and apparent total-tract digestibility was greater in CON than ORG. Efficiency of metabolizable energy intake for milk and maintenance also was lower in response to ORG (0.65 vs. 0.63), with energy balance being negative (-12 kJ/kg of BW0.75) due to mobilization of fat (-16 g/animal vs. 68 g/animal for ORG and CON, respectively). Although actual milk yield was lower in goats fed ORG (2.32 vs. 2.06 kg/d, respectively), energy-corrected milk did not differ (2.81 kg/d on average). In terms of milk quality, milk fat content, and concentrations of monounsaturated (18.54 vs. 11.55 g/100 g milk fat) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (5.75 vs. 3.99 g/100 g milk fat) were greater in goats fed ORG. Based on various indices, the milk produced by ORG would be less atherogenic and thrombogenic than CON milk. Compared with CON, enteric CH4 emission was lower due to feeding ORG (reduction of 38 g CH4/kg milk fat). Data suggest that greater fat mobilization in goats fed ORG might have been due to the apparent lack of synchrony between degradable protein and carbohydrate and the lipogenic nutrients associated with the lower cereal content of the ORG diet. Thus, goats fed ORG seemed to rely more on fat depots to help meet energy requirements and reach optimal performance. As such, the lower content of glucogenic nutrients in ORG did not favor body fat deposition and partitioning of ME into body tissue. Overall, responses in terms of CH4 emissions and milk quality suggest that inclusion of rice straw and orange leaves in diets for small ruminants could be a valuable alternative to reuse, recycle and revalue agricultural by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - T Romero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J V Martí
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - V J Moya
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - I Hernando
- Facultad de Magisterio y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46110 Valencia, Spain
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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Bang NN, Chanh NV, Trach NX, Khang DN, Hayes BJ, Gaughan JB, Lyons RE, Hai NT, McNeill DM. Issues of Feeding Strategy for Lactating Cows in Vietnamese Smallholder Dairy Farms. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:729. [PMID: 33800147 PMCID: PMC7998530 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited literature suggests relatively simple feeding regimes and diet formulation strategies for dairy cows in Vietnamese smallholder dairy farms (SDFs). This study aimed to classify and compare feeding regimes and nutrient balance for lactating cows between four typical dairy regions (south lowland, south highland, north lowland, and north highland) in Vietnam and evaluate the possibility of systematic dietary imbalance. Eight SDFs from each of the four regions were visited for two adjacent milking periods per farm. For each visit, frequency and methods of feed and water supply to the lactating cows were recorded, and individual fat corrected milk yield (ECM) of lactating cows were calculated from milk yield and fat concentration. The amount of each diet ingredient offered and refused by each lactating group was weighed and sampled for calculation of dry matter intake per cow (DMI) and analysis of nutrient composition in the component offered. PCDairy, a diet formulation computer model, was used to calculate actual and recommended dietary nutrient concentrations and predict potential milk production. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, and ANOVA were applied to determine grouping effects across as well as between regions. Feeding regimes and diets were grouped into three and nine clusters, respectively. Farmers in the same region tended to apply similar diets and feeding regimes. Across regions, only 47% of all SDFs supplied water ad libitum to the cows. The most used roughages including Napier grass, corn silage, fresh corn with cob, and rice straw were all relatively high in neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The diets in all regions were excessive in crude protein, NDF, ADF, ADL, and most minerals (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, S, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) but insufficient in net energy and non-fibre carbohydrate. Feed efficiency (1.06 kg FCM/kg DMI) of the diets were sub-optimal. Feeding regimes and dietary nutrient balance of the south lowland SDFs were most problematic. Increasing dietary net energy concentration by increasing the use of starch and fat and decreasing dietary fibre concentration by decreasing the use of Napier grass or rice straw to balance the diets might help improve the milk production and thereby increase feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen N. Bang
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen V. Chanh
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh 71308, Vietnam; (N.V.C.); (D.N.K.); (N.T.H.)
| | - Nguyen X. Trach
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam;
| | - Duong N. Khang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh 71308, Vietnam; (N.V.C.); (D.N.K.); (N.T.H.)
| | - Ben J. Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - John B. Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - Russell E. Lyons
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - Nguyen T. Hai
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh 71308, Vietnam; (N.V.C.); (D.N.K.); (N.T.H.)
| | - David M. McNeill
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
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Deng Y, Li W, Ruan W, Huang Z. Applying EEM- PARAFAC Analysis With Quantitative Real-Time PCR to Monitor Methanogenic Activity of High-Solid Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:600126. [PMID: 33643232 PMCID: PMC7905213 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.600126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The methanogenic activity is an important indicator to assess the efficiency of high-solid anaerobic digestion. However, it is not yet elucidated clearly how to detect the parameter rapidly and reliably in the rice straw feeding reactor. Co-inoculated with ruminal digesta and anaerobic sludge, the digestion performance was studied at three different organic loading rates (OLRs). The excitation emission matrix–parallel factor analysis (EEM–PARAFAC) was used to detect dynamic changes in the characteristic of fluorescence components. Our results revealed that CH4 productivity reached 280.90 mL/g volatile solid (VS) with a 54.39% CH4 content under the OLR of 2.26 g/(L⋅d), which amount to 80.29% of its theoretical value. At the OLR of 2.47 g/(L⋅d), the average accumulated NH4+ concentration was 1082.63 mg/L, which resulted in the hydrogenotrophic Methanobacteriales decreasing from 1.70 × 109 to 1.04 × 106 copies/g in the solid residues, whereas the acetotrophic Methanosarcinales increased from 7.89 × 106 to 9.44 × 106 copies/g. The dynamics of the methanogenic community consequently influenced the bioconversion efficiency of rice straw, and CH4 productivity was reduced to 256.54 mL/g VS. The three fluorescent components, at the excitation/emission wavelength of 420 nm/470 nm, 340 nm/430 nm, and 280 nm/340 nm, were decomposed by PARAFAC model in the digestate. Fluorescence intensities of coenzyme F420 and NADH reflected the dynamic changes of CH4-producing activity and anaerobic digestion efficiency, respectively. The coenzyme F420, unique to hydrogenotrophic methanogens, was correlated with methane yield, suggesting they played a dominant role in the anaerobic reactor. This study demonstrates that the EEM–PARAFAC combined with Q-PCR can be used to characterize methanogenic activity variation during the high-solid anaerobic digestion of rice straw with 15% total solid (TS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Deng
- Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou, China.,School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenquan Ruan
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Win KS, Ueda K, Kondo S. Effects of soybean meal supplementation on ruminal kinetics of feed particle size reduction and passage in dairy cows fed rice straw. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13590. [PMID: 34288261 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Six ruminal-cannulated nonlactating Holstein Friesian cows (mean body weight:660 ± 42.9 kg) were used to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SBM) supplementation on voluntary rice straw (RS) intake, feed particle size reduction, and passage kinetics in the rumen. They were allocated to two dietary treatments: RS alone or RS supplemented with SBM. Voluntary dry matter intake of RS and total tract fiber digestibility was increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.05). Supplementation with SBM decreased rumination time per dietary dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) intake (p < 0.01). Particle size distribution in the rumen and total ruminal NDFom digesta weights were not affected by SBM supplementation. However, the disappearance rates of total digesta and large and small particles from the rumen were increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.01). Moreover, SBM supplementation increased the rate of size reduction in ruminal particles (p < 0.05). In situ disappearance of DM and NDFom of RS in the rumen was greater in SBM-supplemented cows than in nonsupplemented cows (p < 0.05). This study clearly showed that increased ruminal RS particle size reduction, passage, and fermentation due to SBM supplementation accelerated the RS particle clearance from the rumen and resulted in increased voluntary RS intake of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw San Win
- Laboratory of Animal Production System, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Livestock Demonstration Farms, University of Veterinary Science, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Koichiro Ueda
- Laboratory of Animal Production System, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiji Kondo
- Laboratory of Animal Production System, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Romero T, Palomares JL, Moya VJ, Loor JJ, Fernández C. Alterations in Energy Partitioning and Methane Emissions in Murciano-Granadina Goats Fed Orange Leaves and Rice Straw as a Replacement for Beet Pulp and Barley Straw. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010038. [PMID: 33375425 PMCID: PMC7824651 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the huge quantities of crops by-products and pruning waste such as rice straw and citrus leaves produced annually worldwide, and their potential pollution capacity, recycling as feed for livestock is an alternative. The objective was to study these by-products effect on energy balance and methane emissions in 10 Murciano-Granadina goats at maintenance. The control diet (CTR) included barley straw and beet pulp while the experimental diet (ORG) consisted of rice straw and orange leaves. Differences were found for energy intake (248 kJ/kg of BW0.75 greater for CTR than ORG). The intake of metabolizable energy was 199 kJ/kg of BW0.75 lower in ORG than CTR, and the energy efficiency was higher with CTR (0.61) than ORG (0.48). Protein retained in the body was 9 g/goat greater with CTR than ORG, and fat retention in the body was approximately 108 g/goat greater with CTR than ORG. Despite more unfavorable energy balance in response to feeding ORG than CTR, the retention of body energy was always positive. Reductions in CH4 emissions were detected when goats were fed ORG diet (from 22.3 to 20.0 g/d). Overall results suggested that feeding orange leaves and rice straw was effective in reducing CH4 emissions without adversely affecting energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Romero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (T.R.); (J.L.P.); (V.J.M.)
| | - José L. Palomares
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (T.R.); (J.L.P.); (V.J.M.)
| | - Vicente J. Moya
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (T.R.); (J.L.P.); (V.J.M.)
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Carlos Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (T.R.); (J.L.P.); (V.J.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Nurika I, Suhartini S, Azizah N, Barker GC. Extraction of Vanillin Following Bioconversion of Rice Straw and Its Optimization by Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2020; 25:E6031. [PMID: 33352794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Value-added chemicals, including phenolic compounds, can be generated through lignocellulosic biomass conversion via either biological or chemical pretreatment. Currently vanillin is one of the most valuable of these products that has been shown to be extractable on an industrial scale. This study demonstrates the potential of using rice straw inoculated with Serpula lacrymans, which produced a mixture of high value bio-based compounds including vanillin. Key extraction conditions were identified to be the volume of solvent used and extraction time, which were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The vanillin compounds extracted from rice straw solid state fermentation (SSF) was confirmed through LC-ESI MS/MS in selective ion mode. The optimum concentration and yield differed depending on the solvent, which was predicted using 60 mL ethyl acetate for 160 min were 0.408% and 3.957 μg g−1 respectively. In comparison, when ethanol was used, the highest concentration and yields of vanillin were 0.165% and 2.596 μg g−1. These were achieved using 40 mL of solvent, and extraction time increased to 248 min. The results confirm that fungal conversion of rice straw to vanillin could consequently offer a cost-effect alternative to other modes of production.
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Anu, Kumar S, Kumar A, Kumar V, Singh B. Optimization of cellulase production by Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis JJBS300 and biocatalytic potential in saccharification of alkaline-pretreated rice straw. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:697-704. [PMID: 33302792 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1852419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of cellulase production by Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis JJBS300 resulted in maximum cellulase (CMCase 9.7 U/g substrate) using wheat bran and rice straw in 1:1 ratio at substrate to moisture ratio of 1:3 at 35 °C and pH 4.0 after 48 h. Partially purified cellulase of B. subtilis subsp. subtilis showed optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 5.0. Among the metal ions, Na+, Ca2+ and Fe2+ stimulated the cellulase activity. Glutaraldehyde and 1-butanol also enhanced the cellulase activity as compared to other solvents. Bacterial cellulase hydrolyzed ammonia-pretreated rice straw more efficiently as compared to sodium-carbonate pretreated and untreated biomass. Optimization of saccharification of untreated and pretreated (sodium carbonate and ammonia) rice straw by bacterial cellulase resulted in high liberation of reducing sugars with enzyme dose of 100 U/g substrate (221 mg/g substrate) at pH 5.0 (103 mg/g substrate) and 50 °C (142 mg/g substrate) after 6 h in ammonia-pretreated rice straw. Furthermore, liberation of reducing sugars increased with incubation time showing maximum reducing sugars (171 mg/g substrate) after 24 h in ammonia-pretreated rice straw. HPLC analysis of enzymatic hydrolysate of ammonia-pretreated rice straw verified the ability of bacterial cellulase in liberation of various monomeric and oligomeric sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Pt. N.R.S. Govt. College, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
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Qin X, Luo J, Liu Z, Fu Y. Preparation and Characterization of MgO-Modified Rice Straw Biochars. Molecules 2020; 25:E5730. [PMID: 33291812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice straw is a common agricultural waste. In order to increase the added value of rice straw and improve the performance of rice straw biochar. MgO-modified biochar (MRBC) was prepared from rice straw at different temperatures, pyrolysis time and MgCl2 concentrations. The microstructure, chemical and crystal structure were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherms and Elementary Analysis (EA). The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature had significant influence on the structure and physicochemical property of MRBCs. MRBC-2 h has the richest microporous structure while MRBC-2 m has the richest mesoporous structure. The specific surface area (from 9.663 to 250.66 m2/g) and pore volume (from 0.042 to 0.158 cm3/g) of MRBCs increased as temperature rose from 300 to 600 °C. However, it was observed MgCl2 concentrations and pyrolysis time had no significant influence on pore structure of MRBCs. As pyrolysis temperature increased, pH increased and more oxygen-containing functional groups and mineral salts were formed, while MgO-modified yield, volatile matter, total content of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, porosity and average pore diameter decreased. In addition, MRBCs formed at high temperature showed high C content with a low O/C and H/C ratios.
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Zhao J, Tao X, Wang S, Li J, Shao T. Effect of sorbic acid and dual-purpose inoculants on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of high dry matter rice straw silage. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1456-1465. [PMID: 33022836 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of sorbic acid (SA) as a silage additive and its effects on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of high dry matter (DM) silage. METHODS AND RESULTS High DM rice straw was ensiled with distilled water (C), 1 × 106 CFU per gram fresh weight (FW) Lactobacillus plantarum and 1 × 106 CFU per gram FW Lactobacillus buchneri (LP+LB) or SA for 45 days with a subsequent aerobic stability test. After ensiling, LP+LB silage had the highest lactic acid (LA) content and the lowest pH value, whereas SA silage had the highest DM and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, and the lowest ethanol and ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N) contents among all silages (P < 0·001). Compared to C silage, SA significantly (P < 0·01) reduced the counts of yeasts but not lactic acid bacteria (LAB). During 6-day aerobic exposure, the continuous pH increase and LA decrease were observed in C and LP+LB silages, and there was no significant change in pH, DM, NH3 -N and WSC contents of SA silage over the whole aerobic exposure. The SA addition slowed the decline of LA and acetic acid (AA) contents as well as the growth of yeasts and aerobic bacteria under aerobic exposure. CONCLUSION In this study, L. buchneri could not function in high DM rice straw silage while SA effectively improved both the fermentation quality and aerobic stability. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The SA was more effective than dual-purpose inoculants to improve the aerobic stability of high DM rice straw silage. Thus, SA can be served as a potential antifungal additive for silage with high DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Tao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Ma Y, Chen X, Zahoor Khan M, Xiao J, Liu S, Wang J, He Z, Li C, Cao Z. The Impact of Ammoniation Treatment on the Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Rice Straw in Chinese Holsteins. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101854. [PMID: 33053682 PMCID: PMC7599958 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rice straw has many essential uses as a byproduct of agriculture. As a feed source, due to low digestibility, low crude protein and minerals contents, the pretreatment of rice straw is required before use in ruminant feeding. To enhance the nutritive value of rice straw, different methods are practiced. Among them, treatment with ammoniation might be effective regarding the rice straw intake, enhancement of straw digestibility and crude protein levels, which are essential for enhancing the productive ability of dairy cattle. In the current study, we experimentally proved the efficiency of ammoniation treatment to enhance the different feed value parameters (dry matter digestibility, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, gas production, acetic acid, butyric acid, and total volatile fatty acid) of rice straw. Abstract The current study was conducted to explore the ammoniation treatment effects on the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of rice straw in Chinese Holsteins. For this purpose, rice straw was stored in polyethylene bags (35 × 25 cm, 350 g per bag) including (i) no additives (RS); (ii) 5% urea (5U, dry matter (DM) basis); (iii) 9% corn steep liquor + 5% urea (9C5U, DM basis); (iv) 9C2.5U; and (v) 9C2.5U + 3% molasses (9C2.5U3M, DM basis). The air-dry matter of the mixture was kept at the same level at 55% for all treatments. Fifteen bags (5 treatments × 3 repeats) were prepared and stored at ambient temperature (25 ± 3 °C). The chemical composition and in vitro digestibility were measured at day 60 after storage. Our analysis revealed that all the four ammoniation treatments improved the in vitro DM and neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD) digestibility. In addition, all the four ammoniation treatments significantly (P < 0.001) increased the levels of crude protein (CP), gas production (GP), acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA) and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) contents of the rice straw and decreased the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of the rice straw compared to the control. Within four treated groups, the 9C5U treatment was most effective. Finally, we concluded that ammoniation treatments increased the nutritive value of rice straw. In addition the 9C5U treatment could be an effective ammoniation treatment for the better utilization of rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.C.); (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.C.); (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.C.); (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.C.); (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.C.); (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.C.); (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhiyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.C.); (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Congcong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.C.); (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62733746
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Yusefi M, Shameli K, Jahangirian H, Teow SY, Umakoshi H, Saleh B, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, Webster TJ. The Potential Anticancer Activity of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded in Cellulose Fibers Isolated from Rice Straw. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5417-5432. [PMID: 32801697 PMCID: PMC7406330 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s250047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Green-based materials have been increasingly studied to circumvent off-target cytotoxicity and other side-effects from conventional chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, cellulose fibers (CF) were isolated from rice straw (RS) waste by using an eco-friendly alkali treatment. The CF network served as an anticancer drug carrier for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The physicochemical and thermal properties of CF, pure 5-FU drug, and the 5-FU-loaded CF (CF/5-FU) samples were evaluated. The samples were assessed for in vitro cytotoxicity assays using human colorectal cancer (HCT116) and normal (CCD112) cell lines, along with human nasopharyngeal cancer (HONE-1) and normal (NP 460) cell lines after 72-hours of treatment. RESULTS XRD and FTIR revealed the successful alkali treatment of RS to isolate CF with high purity and crystallinity. Compared to RS, the alkali-treated CF showed an almost fourfold increase in surface area and zeta potential of up to -33.61 mV. SEM images illustrated the CF network with a rod-shaped structure and comprised of ordered aggregated cellulose. TGA results proved that the thermal stability of 5-FU increased within the drug carrier. Based on UV-spectroscopy measurements for 5-FU loading into CF, drug loading encapsulation efficiency was estimated to be 83 ±0.8%. The release media at pH 7.4 and pH 1.2 showed a maximum drug release of 79% and 46%, respectively, over 24 hours. In cytotoxicity assays, CF showed almost no damage, while pure 5-FU killed most of the both normal and cancer cells. Impressively, the drug-loaded sample of CF/5-FU at a 250 µg/mL concentration demonstrated a 58% inhibition against colorectal cancer cells, but only a 23% inhibition against normal colorectal cells. Further, a 62.50 µg/mL concentration of CF/5FU eliminated 71% and 39% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and normal nasopharyngeal cells, respectively. DISCUSSION This study, therefore, showed the strong potential anticancer activity of the novel CF/5-FU formulations, warranting their further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yusefi
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur54100, Malaysia
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur54100, Malaysia
| | - Hossein Jahangirian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan47500, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Bio-Inspired Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka560-8531, Japan
| | - Bahram Saleh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
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Wang YZ, Yang J, Wei H, Hou R, Shi J, Jin Z, Yang F, Hu J, Gao MT. Reduction of Fermentation-Associated Stresses by Straw-Based Soluble Saccharides for Enhancing Ethanol Production. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:5863-5872. [PMID: 32375483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of soluble polysaccharides (SPs) derived from agricultural waste, rice straw, on fermentation-associated stresses (temperature and concentrations of glucose and ethanol) was investigated to achieve high-performance ethanol production. The increase in temperature and concentrations of glucose and ethanol significantly inhibited Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth and lowered ethanol fermentation efficiency. Flow cytometric assays indicated that SPs could alleviate membrane permeability damage caused by fermentation-associated stresses. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that fermentation-associated stresses induced cell surface shrinkage, causing a decrease in the cell size, whereas SPs stimulated the formation of extracellular matrices (EMs), which made the cell surface smooth and the cell morphology regular. Cells with EMs induced by SPs could efficiently produce ethanol under severe stresses. As a result, the titer of ethanol in the fermentation with SPs was 1.40-fold (from 26.40 to 36.98 g/L) higher than that in the fermentation without SPs, suggesting the stress-alleviating effect of SPs on ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huanran Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Rongrong Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Min-Tian Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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