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Marzo-Gago C, Unger P, Schneider R, Venus J, López-Gómez JP. Valorising pasta industry wastes by the scale up and integration of solid-state and liquid-submerged fermentations. Bioresour Technol 2024; 391:129909. [PMID: 37918491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Pasta waste has previously been studied in a process to obtain lactic acid through a sequential hydrolysis and fermentation. The process was improved by using enzymes produced via solid-state fermentation of wheat bran in shake flasks. However, the scale-up of the solid-state fermentation is a complex task. In this study, amylase was produced in a home-designed tray bioreactor which allowed to carry out the hydrolysis and fermentation steps at the pilot scale. Due to the efficiency of the solid-state fermentation and the activity of the enzyme, only a small amount (100 g) of wheat bran was required to achieve high yields in a hydrolysis in a 72 L bioreactor (50 L working volume). Overall, the lactic acid yield was 0.68 gLA/gdS, and after the purification, the lactic acid recovered was 55 %, with a total ion concentration of 500 mg/L and an enantiomeric purity of 98.1 % L-LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marzo-Gago
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany; Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Peter Unger
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roland Schneider
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Venus
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany
| | - José Pablo López-Gómez
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany.
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Ricci A, Díaz AB, Lazzi C, Blandino Garrido AM. Valorization of orange peels exploiting fungal solid-state and lacto-fermentation. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:4614-4624. [PMID: 36860131 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orange peels can serve as a cost-effective raw material for the production of lactic acid. Indeed, given their high concentration of carbohydrates and low content of lignin, they represent an important source of fermentable sugars, recoverable after a hydrolytic step. RESULTS In the present article, the fermented solid, obtained after 5 days of Aspergillus awamori growth, was used as the only source of enzymes, mainly composed of xylanase (40.6 IU g-1 of dried washed orange peels) and exo-polygalacturonase (16.3 IU g-1 of dried washed orange peels) activities. After the hydrolysis, the highest concentration of reducing sugars (24.4 g L-1 ) was achieved with 20% fermented and 80% non-fermented orange peels. The hydrolysate was fermented with three lactic acid bacteria strains (Lacticaseibacillus casei 2246 and 2240 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 1019) which demonstrated good growth ability. The yeast extract supplementation increased the lactic acid production rate and yield. Overall, L. casei 2246 produced the highest concentration of lactic acid in mono-culture. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge this is the first study exploiting orange peels as low-cost raw material for the production of lactic acid avoiding the employment of commercial enzymes. The enzymes necessary for the hydrolyses were directly produced during A. awamori fermentation and the reducing sugars obtained were fermented for lactic acid production. Despite this preliminary work carried out to study the feasibility of this approach, the concentrations of reducing sugars and lactic acid produced were encouraging, leaving open the possibility of other studies for the optimization of the strategy proposed here. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Ricci
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ana Belen Díaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, International Agro-Food Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Camilla Lazzi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center, SITEIA.PARMA-Centro Interdipartimentale sulla Sicurezza, Tecnologie e Innovazione Agroalimentare, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ana María Blandino Garrido
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, International Agro-Food Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
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Dotsenko A, Denisenko J, Zorov I, Wasserman L, Semenova M, Korolev A, Rozhkova A, Sinitsyn A. Single substitution in α-helix of active center enhanced thermostability of Aspergillus awamori exo-inulinase. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 119:108381. [PMID: 36473387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exo-inulinases are applied in inulin hydrolysis and production of feed additives and need to be stable at temperatures of 60-95 °C. Aspergillus awamori exo-inulinase Inu1 is considerably thermostable, with a Tm of 73.2 °C. However, the thermostability of the enzyme should be improved. A single substitution G338A in α-helix in the active center of the enzyme provided a 3.5 °C improvement in Tm. The time of half-life at 70 °C and 80 °C was increased in 5.7- and 2.7-times, respectively, compared to wild-type. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the substitution G338A caused a decrease in RMSF not only for the α-helix 337-YAANI-341, but also for the catalytically active residues D41 and E241 and the amino acid residues forming the cleft of the active center. Calculations with Constraint Network Analysis for the variant G338A showed the increase in the stability of intramolecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dotsenko
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Jury Denisenko
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Ivan Zorov
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Luybov Wasserman
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Margarita Semenova
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Andrei Korolev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra Rozhkova
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Arkady Sinitsyn
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Agabo-García C, Romero-García LI, Álvarez-Gallego CJ, Blandino A. Valorisation of the invasive alga Rugulopteryx okamurae through the production of monomeric sugars. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1971-1982. [PMID: 36735067 PMCID: PMC10006063 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rugulopteryx okamurae is an invasive brown alga causing severe environmental and economic problems on the western Mediterranean coasts. Thus, in addition to the difficulties caused to the fishing and tourism sectors, there is a need to manage its accumulation on the beaches. This work aims to valorise this waste by using it as raw material for producing monosaccharides through a two-stage sequential process. These sugars could be used for different fermentative processes to obtain high-value-added bioproducts. In this work, biological pretreatment of the previously conditioned seaweed with the fungus Aspergillus awamori in solid-state fermentation (SSF), followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with a commercial enzyme cocktail, was performed. The effect of the extension of the biological pretreatment (2, 5, 8 and 12 days) on the subsequent release of total reducing sugars (TRS) in the enzymatic hydrolysis stage was studied. To analyse this effect, experimental data of TRS produced along the hydrolysis were fitted to simple first-order kinetics. Also, the secretion of cellulase and alginate lyase by the fungus, along with the biological pretreatment, was determined. The results suggest that 5 days of biological pretreatment of the macroalgae with A. awamori followed by enzymatic saccharification for 24 h with Cellic CTec2® (112 FP units/g of dry biomass) are the best conditions tested, allowing the production of around 240 g of TRS per kg of dried biomass. The main sugars obtained were glucose (95.8 %) and mannitol (1.5 %), followed by galactose (1 %), arabinose (0.9 %) and fucose (0.5 %). KEY POINTS: • Five-day SSF by A. awamori was the best condition to pretreat R. okamurae. • Five-day SSF was optimal for alginate lyase production (1.63 ±0.011 IU/g biomass). • A maximum yield of 239 mg TRS/g biomass was obtained (with 95.8 % glucose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Agabo-García
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Wine and Agri-Food Research Institute (IVAGRO) and International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, s/n. 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Luis I. Romero-García
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Wine and Agri-Food Research Institute (IVAGRO) and International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, s/n. 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Álvarez-Gallego
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Wine and Agri-Food Research Institute (IVAGRO) and International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, s/n. 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Blandino
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Wine and Agri-Food Research Institute (IVAGRO) and International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, s/n. 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Oh JY, Sajidah S, Volynchikova E, Kim YJ, Han GD, Sang MK, Kim KD. Antifungal Activity of Thymol against Aspergillus awamori and Botrytis aclada Isolated from Stored Onion Bulbs. Mycobiology 2022; 50:475-486. [PMID: 36721790 PMCID: PMC9848290 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2158557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal activity of thymol against Aspergillus awamori F23 and Botrytis aclada F15 in onions was examined through direct treatment with amended media and gaseous treatment with I-plates (plastic plates containing central partitions). The protective and curative control efficacy of thymol was examined 24 h before and after the inoculation of onion bulbs with the fungal isolates. Mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination of the isolates were inhibited on potato dextrose agar amended with various concentrations of thymol or acetic acid (positive control). Overall, thymol produced a stronger inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and development of the isolates than acetic acid. Following gaseous treatment in I-plates, mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination of the isolates were inhibited at higher concentrations of thymol or acetic acid; however, acetic acid showed a little effect on the sporulation and spore germination of the isolates. Following the treatment of onion bulbs with 1000 mg L-1 of thymol 24 h before and after fungal inoculation, lesion diameter was greatly reduced compared with that following treatment with 0.5% ethanol (solvent control). Onion bulbs sprayed with thymol 24 h before fungal inoculation generally showed reduced lesion diameters by isolate F23 but not in isolate F15 compared with those sprayed 24 h after fungal inoculation. Collectively, thymol effectively inhibited the growth and development of A. awamori and B. aclada on amended media and in I-plates. In addition, spraying or fumigation of thymol is more desirable for effectively controlling these postharvest fungal pathogens during long-term storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Oh
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Siti Sajidah
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Elena Volynchikova
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyung Deok Han
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Kyung Sang
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Deok Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Assar DH, Asa SA, El-Abasy MA, Elbialy ZI, Shukry M, Latif AAE, BinMowyna MN, Althobaiti NA, El-Magd MA. Aspergillus awamori attenuates ochratoxin A-induced renal and cardiac injuries in rabbits by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and downregulating IL1β, TNFα, and iNOS gene expressions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:69798-69817. [PMID: 35576029 PMCID: PMC9512883 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most dangerous and that pollute agricultural products, inducing a variety of toxic effects in humans and animals. The current study explored the protective effect of different concentrations of Aspergillus awamori (A. awamori) against OTA (0.3 mg/kg diet) induced renal and cardiac damage by exploring its mechanism of action in 60 New Zealand white male rabbits. Dietary supplementation of A. awamori at the selected doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg diet, respectively, for 2 months significantly improved the rabbit's growth performance; modulated the suppressed immune response and restored the altered hematological parameters; reduced the elevated levels of renal injury biomarkers such as urea, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase; and increased serum total proteins concentrations. Moreover, it also declined enzymatic activities of cardiac injury biomarkers, including AST, LDH, and CK-MB. A. awamori alleviated OTA-induced degenerative and necrotic changes in the kidney and heart of rabbits. Interestingly, A. awamori upregulated Nrf2/OH-1 signaling pathway. Therefore enhanced TAC, CAT, and SOD enzyme activities and reduced OTA-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress by declining iNOS gene expression and consequently lowered MDA and NO levels. In addition to attenuating renal and cardiac inflammation via reducing IL-1β, TNF-α gene expressions in a dose-dependent response. In conclusion,this is the first report to pinpoint that dietary incorporation of A. awamori counteracted OTA-induced renal and cardiac damage by potentiating the rabbit's antioxidant defense system through its potent antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties in a dose-dependent response. Based on our observations, A. awamori could be utilized as a natural protective agent against ochratoxicosis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H. Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Samah Abou Asa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Moshira A. El-Abasy
- Poultry and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Zizy I. Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Amera Abd El Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Althobaiti
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities-Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwaiiyah, 19257 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. El-Magd
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
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da Silva-López RE, de Araujo TAA, Monteiro HJJ, Teixeira ÉMGF, Tupi L, da Silva Bon EP. Study of protease activity from Aspergillus awamori INCQS2B.361U2/1 extracellular fraction and modification of culture medium composition to isolate a novel aspartic protease. Braz J Microbiol 2022. [PMID: 35411453 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus awamori was cultivated in a modified Breccia medium, and the extracellular fraction was obtained, which presented 260 ± 15 µg of protein/mg and specific protease activity of 3.87 ± 0.52 mM.min-1.mg of protein-1 using Nα-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-TAME) as substrate. This fraction showed major proteins about 104 and 44 kDa and maximal protease activity at pH 5.5, 6.5, and 9.0, suggesting that A. awamori secretes acidic, neutral, and alkaline proteases with expressive thermal stability, however, aspartic protease was the most important activity. When yeast extract was supplemented to a modified Breccia medium, A. awamori protein secretion and protease activity were maximal and the affinity chromatography on pepstatin-agarose was employed to isolate the aspartic protease activity, which was called ASPA, with approximately 75 kDa. ASPA maximal activity was obtained at pH 4.5 and 6.5, and 50 °C. Pepstatin inhibited about 80% of ASPA activity, with IC50 and Ki values of 0.154 and 0.072 μM, respectively. ASPA cleaved protein and peptides substrates with the highest activity against gelatin (95 U/mg) and good peptidase activity with KM 0.0589 mM and Vmax 1.909 mM.min-1.mg protein-1, using L-TAME as substrate. A. awamori extracellular fraction is a source of proteases with important activity, and the supplementation of modified Breccia medium increased the aspartic protease production. This enzyme presented different biochemical characteristics from the previously reported A. awamori aspartic proteases. Therefore, ASPA is an excellent candidate for biotechnological application due to its important activity and thermostability.
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Naher L, Fatin SN, Sheikh MAH, Azeez LA, Siddiquee S, Zain NM, Karim SMR. Cellulase Enzyme Production from Filamentous Fungi Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus awamori in Submerged Fermentation with Rice Straw. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100868. [PMID: 34682288 PMCID: PMC8539901 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a diverse group of microorganisms that play many roles in human livelihoods. However, the isolation of potential fungal species is the key factor to their utilization in different sectors, including the enzyme industry. Hence, in this study, we used two different fungal repositories—soil and weed leaves—to isolate filamentous fungi and evaluate their potential to produce the cellulase enzyme. The fungal strains were isolated using dichloran rose bengal agar (DRBA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). For cellulase enzyme production, a rice straw submerged fermentation process was used. The enzyme production was carried out at the different incubation times of 3, 5, and 7 days of culture in submerged conditions with rice straw. Fungal identification studies by morphological and molecular methods showed that the soil colonies matched with Trichoderma reesei, and the weed leaf colonies matched with Aspergillus awamori. These species were coded as T. reesei UMK04 and A. awamori UMK02, respectively. This is the first report of A. awamori UMK02 isolation in Malaysian agriculture. The results of cellulase production using the two fungi incorporated with rice straw submerged fermentation showed that T. reesei produced a higher amount of cellulase at Day 5 (27.04 U/mg of dry weight) as compared with A. awamori (15.19 U/mg of dry weight), and the concentration was significantly different (p < 0.05). Our results imply that T. reesei can be utilized for cellulase production using rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Naher
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia; (S.N.F.); (M.A.H.S.); (L.A.A.); (N.M.Z.)
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Institute of Research and Poverty Management (InsPek), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Bachok, Bachok 16400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Siti Noor Fatin
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia; (S.N.F.); (M.A.H.S.); (L.A.A.); (N.M.Z.)
| | - Md Abdul Halim Sheikh
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia; (S.N.F.); (M.A.H.S.); (L.A.A.); (N.M.Z.)
| | - Lateef Adebola Azeez
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia; (S.N.F.); (M.A.H.S.); (L.A.A.); (N.M.Z.)
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
| | - Shaiquzzaman Siddiquee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
| | - Norhafizah Md Zain
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia; (S.N.F.); (M.A.H.S.); (L.A.A.); (N.M.Z.)
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Institute of Research and Poverty Management (InsPek), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Bachok, Bachok 16400, Malaysia
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Martău GA, Unger P, Schneider R, Venus J, Vodnar DC, López-Gómez JP. Integration of Solid State and Submerged Fermentations for the Valorization of Organic Municipal Solid Waste. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090766. [PMID: 34575805 PMCID: PMC8472611 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid state fermentation (SsF) is recognized as a suitable process for the production of enzymes using organic residues as substrates. However, only a few studies have integrated an evaluation of the feasibility of applying enzymes produced by SsF into subsequent hydrolyses followed by the production of target compounds, e.g., lactic acid (LA), through submerged-liquid fermentations (SmF). In this study, wheat bran (WB) was used as the substrate for the production of enzymes via SsF by Aspergillus awamori DSM No. 63272. Following optimization, cellulase and glucoamylase activities were 73.63 ± 5.47 FPU/gds and 107.10 ± 2.63 U/gdb after 7 days and 5 days of fermentation, respectively. Enzymes were then used for the hydrolysis of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). During hydrolysis, glucose increased considerably with a final value of 19.77 ± 1.56 g/L. Subsequently, hydrolysates were fermented in SmF by Bacillus coagulans A166 increasing the LA concentration by 15.59 g/L. The data reported in this study provides an example of how SsF and SmF technologies can be combined for the valorization of WB and OFMSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe-Adrian Martău
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Peter Unger
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (P.U.); (R.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Roland Schneider
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (P.U.); (R.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Joachim Venus
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (P.U.); (R.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.V.); (J.P.L.-G.); Tel.: +40-747-341881 (D.C.V.); +49-177-3940305 (J.P.L.-G.)
| | - José Pablo López-Gómez
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (P.U.); (R.S.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.V.); (J.P.L.-G.); Tel.: +40-747-341881 (D.C.V.); +49-177-3940305 (J.P.L.-G.)
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Hayashi K, Kajiwara Y, Futagami T, Goto M, Takashita H. Making Traditional Japanese Distilled Liquor, Shochu and Awamori, and the Contribution of White and Black Koji Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:517. [PMID: 34203379 PMCID: PMC8306306 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Japanese single distilled liquor, which uses koji and yeast with designated ingredients, is called "honkaku shochu." It is made using local agricultural products and has several types, including barley shochu, sweet potato shochu, rice shochu, and buckwheat shochu. In the case of honkaku shochu, black koji fungus (Aspergillus luchuensis) or white koji fungus (Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii) is used to (1) saccharify the starch contained in the ingredients, (2) produce citric acid to prevent microbial spoilage, and (3) give the liquor its unique flavor. In order to make delicious shochu, when cultivating koji fungus during the shochu production process, we use a unique temperature control method to ensure that these three important elements, which greatly affect the taste of the produced liquor, are balanced without any excess or deficiency. This review describes in detail the production method of honkaku shochu, a distilled spirit unique to Japan and whose market is expected to expand worldwide, with special attention paid to the koji fungi cultivation step. Furthermore, we describe the history of the koji fungi used today in the production of shochu, and we provide a thorough explanation of the characteristics of each koji fungi. We also report the latest research progress on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hayashi
- Sanwa Research Institute, Sanwa Shurui Co., Ltd., Usa 879-0495, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kajiwara
- Sanwa Research Institute, Sanwa Shurui Co., Ltd., Usa 879-0495, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Taiki Futagami
- Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
| | - Masatoshi Goto
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Hideharu Takashita
- Sanwa Research Institute, Sanwa Shurui Co., Ltd., Usa 879-0495, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.T.)
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Assar DH, Mokhbatly AAA, Ghazy EW, Ragab AE, Abou Asa S, Abdo W, Elbialy ZI, Mohamed NE, El-Far AH. Ameliorative Effects of Aspergillus awamori against the Initiation of Hepatocarcinogenesis Induced by Diethylnitrosamine in a Rat Model: Regulation of Cyp19 and p53 Gene Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:922. [PMID: 34200190 PMCID: PMC8228954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer in humans. Despite advances in its treatment, liver cancer remains one of the most difficult cancers to treat. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative action and potential mechanism of Aspergillus awamori (ASP) administration against the initiation process of liver carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in male Wistar rats. Seventy-two male rats were divided equally into eight groups as follows, Group 1: untreated control; Group 2: DEN (200 mg/kg bw) intra-peritoneally for the initiation of HCC; Groups 3-5: DEN + ASP at a dose of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg bw and groups 6-8: ASP at a dose of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg bw. Supplementation of A. awamori significantly lightened the adverse impacts induced by DEN via restoring the leukogram to normal, lowering the elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Furthermore, it enhanced the hepatic antioxidant capacity through increasing the reduced glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT) activity with a marked reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. In addition, it decreased the positive GST-P foci. Likewise, a significant alteration of DEN-associated hepatocarcinogenesis occurred through inhibiting cytochrome P450 (Cyp19) and activating p53 gene expression. In conclusion, supplementation of A. awamori counteracts the negative effects of DEN, inhibits the early development of GST-P-positive foci and could be used as a new alternative strategy for its chemo-preventive effect in liver cancer. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the hepato-protective effect of A. awamori in induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H. Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.-A.A.M.); (E.W.G.); (N.E.M.)
| | - Abd-Allah A. Mokhbatly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.-A.A.M.); (E.W.G.); (N.E.M.)
| | - Emad W. Ghazy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.-A.A.M.); (E.W.G.); (N.E.M.)
| | - Amany E. Ragab
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 32527, Egypt;
| | - Samah Abou Asa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (S.A.A.); (W.A.)
| | - Walied Abdo
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (S.A.A.); (W.A.)
| | - Zizy I. Elbialy
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Nora Elbialy Mohamed
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.-A.A.M.); (E.W.G.); (N.E.M.)
| | - Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
- Scientific Chair of Yousef Abdullatif Jameel of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Sarkar A, Biswas DR, Datta SC, Dwivedi BS, Bhattacharyya R, Kumar R, Bandyopadhyay KK, Saha M, Chawla G, Saha JK, Patra AK. Preparation of novel biodegradable starch/poly(vinyl alcohol)/bentonite grafted polymeric films for fertilizer encapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117679. [PMID: 33673984 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient hydroxyl moiety, ease of accessibility, biodegradability and reaction compatibility with other molecules make starch a basic ingredient for polymeric synthesis and to prepare encapsulated controlled release fertilizers. This article aims to prepare biodegradable clay-polymeric (starch/PVA) blended encapsulating films (CPSBs) from starch/PVA and economically feasible clay-fractioned bentonite for CPSB-encapsulated diammonium phosphate (DAP) production. The XRD, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy recognized the compatibility of bentonite with starch/PVA blend; several micropores in CPSB surface was visible through SEM. Relative crystallinity index, density of CPSBs increased with increasing bentonite content (0-20 wt%); but, porosity, water absorption was decreased. Half-life of CPSB-10 was 37.4, 40.1 and 51.9 days with Aspergillus awamori, Trichoderma viride and uninoculated soil, respectively. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) release data from CPSB-encapsulated-DAP and uncoated DAP fitted well to Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Overall, greater bentonite content stabilizes the CPSB structure and CPSB-encapsulation reduced the N and P release from DAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sarkar
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India; Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, 462038, India.
| | - Dipak Ranjan Biswas
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Samar Chandra Datta
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Brahma Swarup Dwivedi
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Ranjan Bhattacharyya
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India; Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Kali Kinkar Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Madhumonti Saha
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, 462038, India.
| | - Gautam Chawla
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Jayanta Kumar Saha
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, 462038, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Patra
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, 462038, India.
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Yang SJ, Kim KT, Kim TY, Paik HD. Probiotic Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Pediococcus pentosaceus SC28 and Levilactobacillus brevis KU15151 in Fermented Black Gamju. Foods 2020; 9:E1154. [PMID: 32825754 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Black gamju is Korean traditional beverage fermented with molds. The aim of this study was to assess the probiotic properties and antioxidant activities of novel Pediococcus pentosaceus SC28 and Levilactobacillus brevis KU15151 to develop black gamju with bioactive properties for health. Tolerance against artificial gastric juice and bile salts, adhesion ability on HT-29 cells of strains, and antibiotics susceptibility were evaluated as probiotics, and various enzyme productions were detected. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate, and β-carotene bleaching assay were used for antioxidant activity of samples. The tolerance of both strains to artificial gastric juice and bile salts (Oxgall) was more than 90%. Additionally, both strains did not produce β-glucuronidase and were resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin. After fermentation of black gamju with each strain, the number of viable lactic acid bacteria increased to 8.25-8.95 log colony forming unit/mL, but the pH value of fermented samples decreased more (to pH 3.33-3.41) than that of control (pH 4.37). L. brevis KU15151 showed higher adhesion activity to HT-29 cells and antioxidant effects than P. pentosaceus SC28 in three antioxidant assays.
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Dhull SB, Punia S, Kumar R, Kumar M, Nain KB, Jangra K, Chudamani C. Solid state fermentation of fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum- graecum): implications on bioactive compounds, mineral content and in vitro bioavailability. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 58:1927-1936. [PMID: 33897029 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, solid-state fermentation (SSF) of four fenugreek cultivars viz. HM-57, AFG-2, RMT-1 and RMT-303 were carried out using Aspergillus awamori and its effect on antioxidant properties, phenolic content and bioactive compounds were studied. Macro (Ca, K, and Na) as well as micro (Fe, Zn, and Cu) elements and in vitro bioavailability of the unfermented fenugreek (UFF) and Aspergillus-fermented fenugreek (AFF) samples were assessed with standard methods. On 5th day, total phenolic and condensed tannin contents showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase for all cultivars. Further, HPLC analysis confirmed formation of some new bioactive (vanillin, benzoic acid and catechin) compounds. Similarly, extracts from all AFF also showed an increase in the antioxidant potential such as inhibition of DPPH, hydroxyl free radical scavenging, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity up to 5th day of SSF. Mineral in AFF were found with enhanced values when compared with respective UFF. In vitro bioavailability of Fe, Zn and Ca was also improved during SSF. Results from the present study may be helpful to food industry in developing new health foods and may provide a rational for development of functional ingredient in preparation of novel nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Bala Dhull
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana India
| | - Sneh Punia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, Zoology Division, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Kiran Bala Nain
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University College, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana India
| | - Kanchan Jangra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana India
| | - Chanchal Chudamani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana India
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Li C, Zhang B, Zhou H, Wang X, Pi X, Wang X, Mai K, He G. Beneficial influences of dietary Aspergillus awamori fermented soybean meal on oxidative homoeostasis and inflammatory response in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 93:8-16. [PMID: 31319205 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High levels of soybean meal (SBM) in aquafeed leads to detrimental inflammatory response and oxidative stress in fish. In the present study, fermentation with Aspergillus awamori was conducted to explore the potential effects on improving the nutritional quality of soybean meal and the health status of turbot. A 63-day feeding trial (initial weight 8.53 ± 0.11 g) was carried out to evaluate the utilization of fermented soybean meal (FSM) by juvenile turbot. 0% (FM, control), 30% (S30, F30), 45% (S45, F45), and 60% (S60, F60) of fish meal were replaced with SBM or FSM, respectively. As the results showed, fermentation significantly reduced the contents of anti-nutritional factors in SBM, including raffinose (-98.8%), glycinin (-98.5%), β-conglycinin (-97.4%), trypsin inhibitors (-80%) and stachyose (-80%). A depression of fish growth performance and activities of superoxide dismutase and lysozyme were observed in S45 and S60 groups, while these inferiorities were only observed in F60 group. Meanwhile, fermentation also improved the heights of enterocytes and microvillus significantly in the F45 and F60 groups compared with those in SBM. An induced expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β and depression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the distal intestine were observed in the F45 and F60 groups. Taken together, this study indicated that fermentation with Aspergillus awamori could improve the replacement level with soybean meal from 30% to 45% in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Beili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Makanjuola O, Greetham D, Zou X, Du C. The Development of a Sorghum Bran-Based Biorefining Process to Convert Sorghum Bran into Value Added Products. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080279. [PMID: 31344870 PMCID: PMC6723496 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum bran, a starch rich food processing waste, was investigated for the production of glucoamylase in submerged fungal fermentation using Aspergillus awamori. The fermentation parameters, such as cultivation time, substrate concentration, pH, temperature, nitrogen source, mineral source and the medium loading ratio were investigated. The glucoamylase activity was improved from 1.90 U/mL in an initial test, to 19.3 U/mL at 10% (w/v) substrate concentration, pH 6.0, medium loading ratio of 200 mL in 500 mL shaking flask, with the addition of 2.5 g/L yeast extract and essential minerals. Fermentation using 2 L bioreactors under the optimum conditions resulted in a glucoamylase activity of 23.5 U/mL at 72 h, while further increase in sorghum bran concentration to 12.5% (w/v) gave an improved gluco-amylase activity of 37.6 U/mL at 115 h. The crude glucoamylase solution was used for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the sorghum bran. A sorghum bran hydrolysis carried out at 200 rpm, 55 °C for 48 h at a substrate loading ratio of 80 g/L resulted in 11.7 g/L glucose, similar to the results obtained using commercial glucoamylase. Large-scale sorghum bran hydrolysis in 2 L bioreactors using crude glucoamylase solution resulted in a glucose concentration of 38.7 g/L from 200 g/L sorghum bran, corresponding to 94.1% of the theoretical hydrolysis yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyenike Makanjuola
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Darren Greetham
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Zou
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chenyu Du
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
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Chen Y, Dong Y, Chi Y, He Q, Wu H, Ren Y. Eco-friendly microbial production of diosgenin from saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis tubers in the presence of Aspergillus awamori. Steroids 2018; 136:40-46. [PMID: 29750996 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel microbial procedure was proposed for diosgenin production from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright (DZW) tubers via employing Aspergillus awamori for the first time. The optimal conditions of fermenter cultivation were established as inoculation dosage of 8%, fermentation temperature of 30 °C, cultivation time of 8 days, initial pH of 7.0 and a stirring rate of 180 rpm when the converted diosgenin content reached a peak value of 74.26 ± 3.23 mg/g substrate. The product was purified by silica gel column and then confirmed as diosgenin (purity: 96.9 ± 2.42%) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Compared with traditional acid hydrolysis, this new process generated indeed less wastewater with lower chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduced to 500 mg/L from 10,000 mg/L and absence of acid and alkali. This research provided definitely an environmental and high-efficiency microbial technology for diosgenin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Yi Dong
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yuanlong Chi
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Yao Ren
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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Abdel Wahab WA, Karam EA, Hassan ME, Kansoh AL, Esawy MA, Awad GEA. Optimization of pectinase immobilization on grafted alginate-agar gel beads by 2 4 full factorial CCD and thermodynamic profiling for evaluating of operational covalent immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:159-70. [PMID: 29458101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pectinase produced by a honey derived from the fungus Aspergillus awamori KX943614 was covalently immobilized onto gel beads made of alginate and agar. Polyethyleneimine, glutaraldehyde, loading time and enzyme's units were optimized by 24 full factorial central composite design (CCD). The immobilization process increased the optimal working pH for the free pectinase from 5 to a broader range of pH4.5-5.5 and the optimum operational temperature from 55°C to a higher temperature, of 60°C, which is favored to reduce the enzyme's microbial contamination. The thermodynamics studies showed a thermal stability enhancement against high temperature for the immobilized formula. Moreover, an increase in half-lives and D-values was achieved. The thermodynamic studies proved that immobilization of pectinase made a remarkable increase in enthalpy and free energy because of enzyme stability enhancement. The reusability test revealed that 60% of pectinase's original activity was retained after 8 successive cycles. This gel formula may be convenient for immobilization of other industrial enzymes.
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Dash A, Banerjee R. Enhanced biodiesel production through phyco-myco co-cultivation of Chlorella minutissima and Aspergillus awamori: An integrated approach. Bioresour Technol 2017; 238:502-509. [PMID: 28475992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Algae-fungus co-culture was investigated as an alternative biodiesel feedstock. An oleaginous filamentous fungus Aspergillus awamori was co-cultured with Chlorella minutissima MCC 27 and Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2219, respectively in N11 medium furnished with different carbon and nitrogen sources. The biomass and lipid production potential of the two C. minutissima-A. awamori co-cultures was compared against the monocultures. A substantial enhancement in biomass and lipid accumulation was observed in both the co-cultures. When supplemented with different carbon and nitrogen sources, glycerol and potassium nitrate were found to be the most effective. In the presence of glycerol, a 2.6-3.9-fold increase of biomass and 3.4-5.1-fold increase of total lipid yields were observed in the co-cultures as compared to the axenic monocultures. Furthermore, C16:0 (31.26-35.02%) and C18:1 (21.14-24.21%) fatty acids were the major composites of the co-culture oils, which suggest co-culture as a promising strategy for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Dash
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Rintu Banerjee
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Esawy MA, Awad GEA, Wahab WAA, Elnashar MMM, El-Diwany A, Easa SMH, El-beih FM. Immobilization of halophilic Aspergillus awamori EM66 exochitinase on grafted k-carrageenan-alginate beads. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:29. [PMID: 28330097 PMCID: PMC4711283 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel extreme halophilic exochitinase enzyme was produced by honey isolate Aspergillus awamori EM66. The enzyme was immobilized successfully on k-carrageenan-alginate gel carrier (CA) with 93 % immobilization yield. The immobilization process significantly improved the enzyme specific activity 2.6-fold compared to the free form. The significant factors influencing the immobilization process such as enzyme protein concentration and loading time were studied. Distinguishable characteristics of optimum pH and temperature, stability at different temperatures and NaCl tolerance for free and immobilized enzyme were studied. The immobilization process improved optimum temperature from 35 to 45 °C. The immobilized enzyme retained 76.70 % of its activity after 2 h at 75 °C compared to complete loss of activity for the free enzyme. The reusability test proved the durability of the CA gel beads for 28 cycles without losing its activity.
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Han W, Ye M, Zhu AJ, Zhao HT, Li YF. Batch dark fermentation from enzymatic hydrolyzed food waste for hydrogen production. Bioresour Technol 2015; 191:24-29. [PMID: 25978853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A combination bioprocess of solid-state fermentation (SSF) and dark fermentative hydrogen production from food waste was developed. Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae were utilized in SSF from food waste to generate glucoamylase and protease which were used to hydrolyze the food waste suspension to get the nutrients-rich (glucose and free amino nitrogen (FAN)) hydrolysate. Both glucose and FAN increased with increasing of food waste mass ratio from 4% to 10% (w/v) and the highest glucose (36.9 g/L) and FAN (361.3mg/L) were observed at food waste mass ratio of 10%. The food waste hydrolysates were then used as the feedstock for dark fermentative hydrogen production by heat pretreated sludge. The best hydrogen yield of 39.14 ml H2/g food waste (219.91 ml H2/VSadded) was achieved at food waste mass ratio of 4%. The proposed combination bioprocess could effectively accelerate the hydrolysis rate, improve raw material utilization and enhance hydrogen yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Min Ye
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ai Jun Zhu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hong Ting Zhao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yong Feng Li
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150060, China.
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Pleissner D, Kwan TH, Lin CSK. Fungal hydrolysis in submerged fermentation for food waste treatment and fermentation feedstock preparation. Bioresour Technol 2014; 158:48-54. [PMID: 24583214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Potential of fungal hydrolysis in submerged fermentation by Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae as a food waste treatment process and for preparation of fermentation feedstock has been investigated. By fungal hydrolysis, 80-90% of the initial amount of waste was reduced and degraded within 36-48 h into glucose, free amino nitrogen (FAN) and phosphate. Experiments revealed that 80-90% of starch can be converted into glucose and highest concentration of FAN obtained, when solid mashes of A. awamori and A. oryzae are successively added to fermentations at an interval of 24h. A maximal solid-to-liquid ratio of 43.2% (w/v) of food waste has been tested without a negative impact on releases of glucose, FAN and phosphate, and final concentrations of 143 g L(-1), 1.8 g L(-1) and 1.6 g L(-1) were obtained in the hydrolysate, respectively. Additionally, fungal hydrolysis as an alternative to conventional treatments for utilization of food waste is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pleissner
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Him Kwan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Anuradha K, Padma PN, Venkateshwar S, Reddy G. Fungal isolates from natural pectic substrates for polygalacturonase and multienzyme production. Indian J Microbiol 2010; 50:339-44. [PMID: 23100850 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-010-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin rich wastes and waste dump yard soils were screened and eighty pectinolytic fungal isolates were obtained by enrichment culturing and ruthenium red plate assay. Eight isolates with higher zones of pectin hydrolysis were selected and tested for polygalacturonase production. One isolate identified as Aspergillus awamori MTCC 9166 with highest polygalacturonase activity was tested for utilization of raw pectins for enzyme production. Polygalacturonase production was high in raw pectin sources like Orange peel (16.8 U/ml) Jack fruit rind (38 U/ml) Carrot peel (36U/ml) and Beet root peel (24U/ml). Selected Aspergillus awamori MTCC 9166 was found to be having good polygalacturonase, xylanase, cellulase and weak amylase and protease activities. This isolate with multi-enzyme production could have application for enzymes production and degradation of fruit and vegetable waste in the process of urban waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Anuradha
- BVB Vivekananda College, Secunderabad, 500 094 India
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Pavezzi FC, Gomes E, da Silva R. Production and characterization of glucoamylase from fungus Aspergillus awamori expressed in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using different carbon sources. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39:108-114. [PMID: 24031189 PMCID: PMC3768372 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220080001000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucoamylase is widely used in the food industry to produce high glucose syrup, and also in fermentation processes for production beer and ethanol. In this work the productivity of the glucoamylase of Aspergillus awamori expressed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, produced in submerged fermentation using different starches, was evaluated and characterized physico-chemically. The enzyme presented high specific activity, 13.8 U/mgprotein or 2.9 U/mgbiomass, after 48 h of fermentation using soluble starch as substrate. Glucoamylase presented optimum activity at temperature of 55°C, and, in the substratum absence, the thermostability was for 1h at 50°C. The optimum pH of activity was pH 3.5 - 4.0 and the pH stability between 5.0 and 7.0. The half life at 65°C was at 30.2 min, and the thermal energy of denaturation was 234.3 KJ mol(-1). The hydrolysis of different substrate showed the enzyme's preference for the substrate with a larger polymerization degree. The gelatinized corn starch was the substratum most susceptible to the enzymatic action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto da Silva
- Corresponding Author. Mailing address: Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada. IBILCE - UNESP. Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP: 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil. Tel.: (17) 3221-2354; Fax (17) 3221-2356. E-mail:
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