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Gao A, Fischer-Jenssen J, Slavic D, Rutherford K, Lippert S, Wilson E, Chen S, Leon-Velarde CG, Martos P. Rapid identification of Salmonella serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium using whole cell matrix assisted laser desorption ionization - Time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) coupled with multivariate analysis and artificial intelligence. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 213:106827. [PMID: 37748653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a common food-borne pathogen with Enteritidis and Typhimurium being among the most important serovars causing numerous outbreaks. A rapid method was investigated to identify these serovars using whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS coupled with multivariate analysis and artificial intelligence and 113 Salmonella strains, including 38 Enteritidis (SE), 38 Typhimurium (ST) and 37 strains from 32 other Salmonella serovars (SG). Datasets of ions (presence/absence) with high discriminative power were created using newly developed criteria and subject to multivariate analyses and eight artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Principal Component Analysis based on 55 or 88 selected ions separated SE, ST and SG without overlap on the first three principal components. Datasets were partitioned using five partitioning methods with 70% of samples for AI model training and 30% for validation. Of the eight AI models evaluated, high performance (HP) SVM and HP Neural were the top performers, identified three serovar groups 97% correctly on average (range 82%-100%) according to the validation results. Selection of serovar specific ions facilitated differentiation of serotypes using unsupervised model PCA and improved the accuracy of classification using AI significantly (p < 0.01). MALDI-TOF MS incorporated with advanced data processing and classification tools is a promising method to allow rapid identification of Salmonella serovars of concern in routine diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anli Gao
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Fischer-Jenssen
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Durda Slavic
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kimani Rutherford
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippert
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Wilson
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shu Chen
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos G Leon-Velarde
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Perry Martos
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Abukhattab S, Hosch S, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Hasan S, Vonaesch P, Crump L, Hattendorf J, Daubenberger C, Zinsstag J, Schindler T. Whole-genome sequencing for One Health surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in conflict zones: a case study of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in the West Bank, Palestine. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0065823. [PMID: 37655921 PMCID: PMC10540982 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00658-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global concern driven by the overuse, misuse, and/or usage of inadequate antibiotics on humans, animals' agriculture, and as a result of contaminated environments. This study is the first One Health survey in the Middle East that incorporated whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to examine the spread of AMR in Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. This cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the role of AMR at the human-animal-environmental interface and was performed in Ramallah/Al-Bireh and Jerusalem governorates of the central West Bank, Palestine. In 2021 and 2022, a total of 592 samples were collected and analyzed. From a total of 65 Campylobacter jejuni and 19 Salmonella spp. isolates, DNA was extracted for WGS using Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION platform. We found that the dominant serotypes of C. jejuni and Salmonella enterica were present in chicken manure, chicken meat sold in markets, and feces of asymptomatic farm workers, with high genetic similarities between the isolates regardless of origin. Additionally, our results showed rapid strain turnover in C. jejuni from the same sites between 2021 and 2022. Most of the positive Salmonella spp. samples were multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. enterica serovar Muenchen carrying the plasmid of emerging S. infantis (pESI) megaplasmid, conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics. Our findings highlight the spread of MDR foodborne pathogens from animals to humans through the food chain, emphasizing the importance of a One Health approach that considers the interconnections between human, animal, and environmental health. IMPORTANCE Prior to this study, there existed hardly an integrated human-animal-environmental study of Salmonellosis and Campylobacteriosis and related AMR in Middle Eastern countries. The few existing studies lack robust epidemiological study designs, adequate for a One Health approach, and did not use WGS to determine the circulating serotypes and their AMR profiles. Civil unrest and war in Middle Eastern countries drive AMR because of the breakdown of public health and food security services. This study samples simultaneously humans, animals, and the environment to comprehensively investigate foodborne pathogens in the broiler chicken production chain in Palestine using WGS. We show that identical serotypes of C. jejuni and S. enterica can be found in samples from chicken farms, chicken meat sold in markets, and asymptomatic broiler chicken production workers. The most striking feature is the rapid dynamic of change in the genetic profile of the detected species in the same sampling locations. The majority of positive Salmonella spp. samples are MDR S. enterica serovar Muenchen isolates carrying the pESI megaplasmid. The results demonstrate a close relationship between the S. enterica serovar Muenchen isolates found in our sample collection and those responsible for 40% of all clinical Salmonella spp. isolates in Israel as previously reported, with a sequence identity of over 99.9%. These findings suggest the transboundary spread of MDR S. enterica serovar Muenchen strains from animals to humans through the food chain. The study underscores the importance of combining integrated One Health studies with WGS for detecting environmental-animal-human transmission of foodborne pathogens that could not be detected otherwise. This study showcases the benefits of integrated environmental-animal-human sampling and WGS for monitoring AMR. Environmental samples, which may be more accessible in conflict-torn places where monitoring systems are limited and regulations are weak, can provide an effective AMR surveillance solution. WGS of bacterial isolates provides causal inference of the distribution and spread of bacterial serotypes and AMR in complex social-ecological systems. Consequently, our results point toward the expected benefits of operationalizing a One Health approach through closer cooperation of public and animal health and food safety authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Abukhattab
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salome Hosch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Shadi Hasan
- Master program in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
| | - Pascale Vonaesch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Crump
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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da Silva EC, de Oliveira CD, Ribeiro LFM, Casas MRT, Pereira JG, Possebon FS, Junior JPA. Salmonella detection with LAMP and qPCR and identification of serovars of interest by multiplex qPCR in poultry carcasses. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2173-2182. [PMID: 37582950 PMCID: PMC10484893 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is present in the poultry production chain and is a major challenge in terms of food safety and animal health. The early Salmonella detection is one of the main tools to control and prevent the transmission of this pathogen. Microbiological isolation and serotyping to identify and differentiate Salmonella serovars are laborious processes, time-consuming, and expensive. Therefore, molecular diagnostic methods can be rapid and efficient alternatives to the detection of this pathogen. Thus, the aim herein was to standardize and evaluate the use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in comparison with real-time PCR (qPCR) for detection of Salmonella associated with a multiplex qPCR for simultaneous identification and differentiation of S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Pullorum, and S. Gallinarum. The LAMP, qPCR, and multiplex qPCR assays were comparable in specificity. The three techniques were evaluated for specificity for 16 different serovars of Salmonella and for 37 strains of the serovars of interest. The limit of detection and the efficiency of the LAMP, qPCR, and multiplex qPCR reactions were determined. The techniques were applied to 33 samples of chicken carcasses and compared to the results of conventional microbiology for validation. As results, LAMP was specific in the detection of different Salmonella serovars but presented lower limit of detection ranging from 101 to 104 CFU/reaction. In comparison, qPCR could detect less cells (100 to 102 CFU/reaction), reaching equal specificity and better repeatability in the assays. The qPCR multiplexing for identification of the different serovars also showed good specificity, with the detection threshold between entre 101 and 102 CFU/reaction. The results obtained in the analyses on poultry carcasses suggested a correspondence between the results obtained in molecular methods and in conventional microbiology. Thus, the proposed assays are promising for the diagnosis of Salmonella in poultry carcasses, already proved to be faster and more efficient than conventional diagnostics techniques, being of great interest for poultry production, animal, and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Cristine da Silva
- Institute for Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Tecomarias Avenue, Botucatu, SP, 18607-440, Brazil.
| | - Catarina Demarchi de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Walter Maurício Correa St., SP, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lucas Franco Miranda Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Walter Maurício Correa St., SP, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Monique Ribeiro Tiba Casas
- Bacteriology Division, Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL), Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Juliano Gonçalves Pereira
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Walter Maurício Correa St., SP, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fábio Sossai Possebon
- Institute for Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Tecomarias Avenue, Botucatu, SP, 18607-440, Brazil
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Walter Maurício Correa St., SP, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araújo Junior
- Institute for Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Tecomarias Avenue, Botucatu, SP, 18607-440, Brazil
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Saima S, Ferdous J, Sultana R, Rashid RB, Almeida S, Begum A, Jensen PKM. Detecting Enteric Pathogens in Low-Risk Drinking Water in Dhaka, Bangladesh: An Assessment of the WHO Water Safety Categories. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:321. [PMID: 37368739 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiological quality of water is usually assessed by fecal coliform bacteria, and the presence of E. coli as an indicator of fecal contamination is widely recommended by international guidelines. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of diarrheagenic pathogens, in both public and personal domain water sources and examine the reliance on the WHO drinking water risk assessment guidelines. This study was conducted in a low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh between September 2014 and October 2015. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the marker and virulence genes of Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella species, and Campylobacter species, and the culture method was employed for the quantitative assessment of E. coli. According to the WHO guidelines, 48% of the public domain source water and 21% of the personal domain point-of-drinking water were classified in the low-risk group, i.e., 0 CFU of E. coli/100 mL. However, when using PCR, we detected pathogens in 39% (14/36) of the point-of-drinking water samples and 65% (74/114) of the public domain water source samples classified in the low-risk group. Our study showed that relying solely on E. coli detection as a measure of water quality may overlook the presence of other pathogens in the drinking water. In addition to the culture-based method, the detection of virulence genes by PCR should also be considered to add more scrutiny to the detection of diverse types of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabera Saima
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University, 1229 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rebeca Sultana
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
- icddr,b, 1212 Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Institute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ridwan Bin Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sara Almeida
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anowara Begum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Peter Kjær Mackie Jensen
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Asheg AA, Otman MF, Benlashehr IA, Kraim EF, Almashri RA, Kammon AM. Prevalence of Salmonella in poultry slaughterhouses located in Tripoli, Libya. Open Vet J 2023; 13:638-644. [PMID: 37304604 PMCID: PMC10257466 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i5.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella is a leading cause of severe economic losses in poultry and foodborne illness in humans worldwide. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and multidrug resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) in several chicken abattoirs in Tripoli, Libya. The study includes the South, East, and West regions of Tripoli. Methods Each region was assigned five slaughterhouses. Each chicken slaughterhouse was visited three times to collect samples. Five samples were taken at random from the neck skin, crop, and spleen. The total number of samples collected from all regions was 675. Bacterial isolation and identification, as well as antibiotic sensitivity testing, were performed on these samples. Results Salmonella spp. was found to be 15% prevalent, and S. Enteritidis was found to be 7% prevalent. The south region of Tripoli had the highest S. Enteritidis (9%), while the west region had the highest Salmonella spp. (22%). Salmonella prevalence increased significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the spleen (13%) as compared with the crop (5%) and neck (7%). Based on bacterial resistance pattern, Salmonella spp. isolated from the spleen had the highest multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.86 in the south region followed by MAR indexes of 0.8 and 0.46 in the West and East, respectively. Conclusion Isolation of Salmonella from the spleen may indicate chickens' systemic infection and failure to control the most important microbe for public health. Thus, the control measures have to be revised and a national Salmonella control program should be put in place urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulatif A. Asheg
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mohamed F. Otman
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Imad A. Benlashehr
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | | | - Abdulwahab M. Kammon
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
- National Research Center for Tropical and Transboundary Diseases, Alzintan, Libya
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Evaluation of the different methods to detect Salmonella in poultry feces samples. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:269. [PMID: 35441892 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most common causes of foodborne outbreaks and infection worldwide. The gold-standard detection method of Salmonella is cultivation. There is a need to investigate rapid and accurate processes with time-consuming cultivation. The study evaluated different approaches to detect Salmonella in poultry feces samples. Poultry farm feces samples from 21 cities in Iran were collected from January 2016 to December 2019. Microbiological cultures, serological assays, and multiplex PCR (m-PCR) were used to detect and characterize Salmonella spp. isolates. Serological assays and m-PCR were used to determine the serogroups A, B, C1, C2, D1, E, H, and FliC. The m-PCR was used to detect seven Salmonella serovars, and a Chi-square test was performed to compare the discriminatory power of the methods. Of 2300 poultry feces samples, 173 (7.5%) and 166 (7.2%) samples were detected as Salmonella spp. by cultivation and m-PCR, respectively. The sensitivity of the molecular method was equal to cultivation at 0.96 (CI = 95%). Assessment of H antigenic subgroups showed the same for both m-PCR and serological tests. Therefore, the matching rate of the two methods for detecting all H antigenic subgroups was 100%. Thus, the relationship between the results obtained from both methods was significant in the contingency table test (P < 0.01). The PCR-based approach confirmed the detection of Salmonella in a shorter period (24-36 h) compared to the conventional microbiological approach (3-8 days).
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Saeed MA, Syed EH, Ghafor A, Yaqub T, Javeed A, Waheed U. Evaluation of Analytical Sensitivity of Sdf I based PCR and Sandwich ELISA for Salmonella Enteritidis detection and On-Farm prevalence in Punjab, Pakistan. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MA Saeed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - EH Syed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Ghafor
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - T Yaqub
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Javeed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - U Waheed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Ansari-Lari M, Hosseinzadeh S, Manzari M, Khaledian S. Survey of Salmonella in commercial broiler farms in Shiraz, southern Iran. Prev Vet Med 2021; 198:105550. [PMID: 34864328 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the major causes of food-borne diseases, worldwide. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of Salmonella and to employ a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to confirm the presence of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in the broiler chicken farms in Shiraz, southern Iran. In addition, risk factors for the presence of Salmonella spp. at farm and flock levels were investigated. Fecal samples were collected from 22 broiler farms, including 35 broiler flocks. Conventional culture methods were used for Salmonella isolation, and the suspected isolates were confirmed by PCR with Salmonella specific primer (invA). Subsequently, PCR was performed to identify S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, using IE-1 and Flic-C primers, respectively. Information for farms and flocks was collected using a questionnaire. Twelve poultry flocks from eight farms were positive for Salmonella. The estimated prevalence of Salmonella was 36.4% at farm level and 34.3% at flock level. Based on the results of PCR, four farms were infected with S. Enteritidis, two farms with S. Typhimurium and one farm with both serovars, concurrently. Statistical analysis using generalized estimating equations showed that at flock level, odds of Salmonella presence increased when the number of chickens was more than 15000 (OR = 13.2, P = 0.023), and an increased odds of Salmonella was found for flocks in which antibiotics were used at sub-therapeutic or therapeutic doses during the rearing period (OR = 19.6, P = 0.003). At the farm level, there was a marginal association between Salmonella and using nipple drinker (OR = 0.08, P = 0.07) and keeping dogs on the farm (OR = 8.9, P = 0.06) by logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, Salmonella spp. including S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium are prevalent in the poultry flocks in the region. Considering the results and the fact that the flock size and its surrogate marker, stocking density are among the most consistently identified risk factors for Salmonella in the literature, production cycles with the appropriate number of chicks and proper stocking density are recommended. In addition, careful monitoring and prudent use of antibiotics in poultry farms could be practiced to control this human pathogen in preharvest poultry operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ansari-Lari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Manzari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Khaledian
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Sohail MN, Rathnamma D, Priya SC, Isloor S, Naryanaswamy HD, Ruban SW, Veeregowda BM. Salmonella from Farm to Table: Isolation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella from Commercial Broiler Supply Chain and Its Environment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3987111. [PMID: 34660787 PMCID: PMC8514274 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3987111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry production chain is one of the major food safety concerns due to indiscriminate usage of antibiotics and the presence of pathogens such as Salmonella which causes infections in various stages of production. In the present study, 182 samples were collected from commercial broiler supply chain, viz., three hatcheries (n = 29), three commercial broiler farms (CBF; n = 99), and three retail meat shops (RMS; n = 54), and used for isolation and identification of Salmonella using three different selective agar media and a selective enrichment medium followed by PCR confirmation targeting the hilA gene. The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 47/182 (25.82%), and a significantly higher (P < 0.05) prevalence was observed in retail meat shops (46.29%), CBF (19.19%), and hatcheries (10.34%). Comparison of three agar media for isolation of Salmonella revealed that all the media were equally selective. However, PCR amplification of hilA gene fragment was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in selective enrichment culture tetrathionate brilliant green bile broth (TTB) as compared to all solid (agar-based) media. Susceptibility pattern against most frequently used antibiotics revealed that 100% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. High resistance was observed for doxycycline (94.34%), followed by cefpodoxime (84.91%), ciprofloxacin (72.64%), gentamicin (65.09%), enrofloxacin (61.32%), colistin sulphate (40.42%), amikacin (34.91%), ampicillin (33.96%), neomycin (33.02), cefotaxime (30.19%), ceftazidime (29.25%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (23.58%), amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (21.70%), and chloramphenicol (12.26%); 16.98% of the isolates were ex-tended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, and 76.41% were multidrug resistant (MDR). MDR Salmonella were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in RMS (91.66%) followed by CBF (82.75%), whereas no MDR isolates were present in the isolates from hatcheries. The results indicated a higher prevalence of Salmonella and AMR for commonly used antibiotics in the complete broiler supply chain, especially RMS and CBF. Also, this study idicated that TTB enrichment followed by PCR and colony PCR was found to be rapid, specific and time-saving method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nasim Sohail
- Department of Para-Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar-0093, Afghanistan
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Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, 560024, Bengaluru, India
| | - D. Rathnamma
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Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, 560024, Bengaluru, India
| | - S. Chandra Priya
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Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, 560024, Bengaluru, India
| | - S. Isloor
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Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, 560024, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. D. Naryanaswamy
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Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Nandinagar, 585401, Bidar, India
| | - S. Wilfred Ruban
- Department of Livestock Products and Technology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - B. M. Veeregowda
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Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, 560024, Bengaluru, India
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Yang SM, Kim E, Kim D, Baek J, Yoon H, Kim HY. Rapid Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Thompson by Specific Peak Analysis Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2021; 10:933. [PMID: 33922774 PMCID: PMC8146886 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid detection of Salmonella serovars is important for the effective control and monitoring of food industries. In this study, we evaluate the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the rapid detection of three serovars, Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Thompson, that are epidemiologically important in Korea. All strains were identified at the genus level, with a mean score of 2.319 using the BioTyper database, and their protein patterns were confirmed to be similar by principal component analysis and main spectrum profile dendrograms. Specific peaks for the three serovars were identified by analyzing 65 reference strains representing 56 different serovars. Specific mass peaks at 3018 ± 1 and 6037 ± 1, 7184 ± 1, and 4925 ± 1 m/z were uniquely found in the reference strains of serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Thompson, respectively, and they showed that the three serovars can be differentiated from each other and 53 other serovars. We verified the reproducibility of these mass peaks in 132 isolates, and serovar classification was achieved with 100% accuracy when compared with conventional serotyping through antisera agglutination. Our method can rapidly detect a large number of strains; hence, it will be useful for the high-throughput screening of Salmonella serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (S.-M.Y.); (E.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Eiseul Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (S.-M.Y.); (E.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Dayoung Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (S.-M.Y.); (E.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Jiwon Baek
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (J.B.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (J.B.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (S.-M.Y.); (E.K.); (D.K.)
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11
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Development of a Genoserotyping Method for Salmonella Infantis Detection on the Basis of Pangenome Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010067. [PMID: 33383801 PMCID: PMC7824266 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Salmonella Infantis has become a predominant serovariant in clinical and poultry isolates, thereby imposing a substantial economic burden on both public health and the livestock industry. With the aim of coping with the steep increase in serovar Infantis prevalence, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based rapid and accurate diagnostic assay was developed in this study through pangenome profiling of 60 Salmonella serovars. A gene marker, SIN_02055, was identified, which is present in the S. Infantis genome but not in the pangenome of the other serovars. Primers specific to SIN_02055 were used to accurately detect serovar Infantis, and to successfully differentiate Infantis from the other 59 serovars in real-time PCR with a R2 of 0.999 and an efficiency of 95.76%. The developed method was applied to 54 Salmonella strains belonging to eight dominant serovars, and distinguished Infantis from the other seven serovars with an accuracy of 100%. The diagnostic primer set also did not show false positive amplification with 32 strains from eight non-Salmonella bacterial species. This cost-effective and rapid method can be considered an alternative to the classic serotyping using antisera.
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12
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Xu L, Bai X, Tenguria S, Liu Y, Drolia R, Bhunia AK. Mammalian Cell-Based Immunoassay for Detection of Viable Bacterial Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575615. [PMID: 33329436 PMCID: PMC7732435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid detection of live pathogens is of paramount importance to ensure food safety. At present, nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction and antibody-based lateral flow assays are the primary methods of choice for rapid detection, but these are prone to interference from inhibitors, and resident microbes. Moreover, the positive results may neither assure virulence potential nor viability of the analyte. In contrast, the mammalian cell-based assay detects pathogen interaction with the host cells and is responsive to only live pathogens, but the short shelf-life of the mammalian cells is the major impediment for its widespread application. An innovative approach to prolong the shelf-life of mammalian cells by using formalin was undertaken. Formalin (4% formaldehyde)-fixed human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cell line, HCT-8 on 24-well tissue culture plates was used for the capture of viable pathogens while an antibody was used for specific detection. The specificity of the Mammalian Cell-based ImmunoAssay (MaCIA) was validated with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Typhimurium as model pathogens and further confirmed against a panel of 15 S. Enteritidis strains, 8 S. Typhimurium, 11 other Salmonella serovars, and 14 non-Salmonella spp. The total detection time (sample-to-result) of MaCIA with artificially inoculated ground chicken, eggs, milk, and cake mix at 1–10 CFU/25 g was 16–21 h using a traditional enrichment set up but the detection time was shortened to 10–12 h using direct on-cell (MaCIA) enrichment. Formalin-fixed stable cell monolayers in MaCIA provide longer shelf-life (at least 14 weeks) for possible point-of-need deployment and multi-sample testing on a single plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Xu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Shivendra Tenguria
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rishi Drolia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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13
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Hassan WMM, Tawab AAAE, El-Shannat SM. Current advances in molecular subtyping using multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in Egyptian chickens. Vet World 2020; 13:2252-2259. [PMID: 33281364 PMCID: PMC7704301 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2252-2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity, evolutionary level, and prevalence of genotypes of common isolates of Salmonella (Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium). Using one of the most advanced molecular recognition techniques, multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), we characterized the genotype and prevalence of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty-five internal organ samples were collected from the major chicken slaughterhouses in Egypt, and Salmonella species were isolated. PCR was utilized to amplify the IE-1 and Flic-C genes to identify S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium DNA, respectively, from Salmonella isolates. MLVA was applied on nine samples of S. Enteritidis DNA and three samples of S. Typhimurium DNA. Six variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci (Sal02, Sal04, Sal06, Sal10, Sal20, and Sal23) were amplified. Results: Of the examined samples (n=125), a total of 12 isolates (9.6%) were either identified as Enteritidis or Typhimurium. PCR-mediated amplification of IE-1 and Flic-C revealed that 75% (n=9) of the 12 Salmonella isolates were S. Enteritidis and 25% (n=3) were S. Typhimurium. The six loci amplified through MLVA had allelic diversity. The most discriminatory heterogenic locus for S. Enteritidis was Sal20. Sal04 and Sal23 were the most discriminatory heterogenic loci for S. Typhimurium. VNTR allelic profile analysis revealed nine unique genotypes for S. Enteritidis and three for S. Typhimurium. Conclusion: This study was the first to use MLVA analysis to identify S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium strains isolated from chickens in Egypt. The molecular typing data reported herein allowed us to characterize the genotypes of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium that are most prevalent in Egyptian chickens. Moreover, this epidemiological information provides valuable insight on how to prevent disease transmission. Moreover, our methods provide an alternative to traditional serotyping techniques that may produce inaccurate strain identifications for organisms with rough lipopolysaccharide structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa M M Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Abd El Tawab
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Sara M El-Shannat
- Department of Microbiology, Animal Health Research Institute, Marsa Matruh, Egypt
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14
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Jinapon C, Wangman P, Pengsuk C, Chaivisuthangkura P, Sithigorngul P, Longyant S. Development of monoclonal antibodies for the rapid detection and identification of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis in food sample using dot‐blot assays. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chontichar Jinapon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Pradit Wangman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Chalinan Pengsuk
- Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology Srinakharinwirot University Nakhon Nayok Thailand
| | - Parin Chaivisuthangkura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Paisarn Sithigorngul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Longyant
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
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15
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Sabzali S, Bouzari M. Phylogenic Relationship of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Different Foodstuffs in Isfahan. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.14.4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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16
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Yulistiani R, Praseptiangga D, Supyani, Sudibya. Occurrences of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in chicken meat, intestinal contents and rinse water at slaughtering place from traditional market in Surabaya, Indonesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/633/1/012007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Cheeveewattanagul N, Tien TT, Rijiravanich P, Surareungchai W, Somasundrum M. Photostable methylene blue-loaded silica particles used as label for immunosorbent assay of Salmonella Typhimurium. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:842-849. [PMID: 31228877 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is a major cause of food poisoning. To solve the limitations of the routine enzyme linked immunosorbent assay such as laborious assay procedure, lack of long-term enzyme stability, and insufficient sensitivity, we provided a non-enzymatic colorimetric immunosorbent assay platform to overcome these problems. The highly photostable redox dye particles was constructed by silica particles (diameter = 598 ± 14.4 nm) loaded with methylene blue (Si-MB) and applied to be a label for immunoassay of S. Typhimurium. The sandwich assay format involved incubation of an analyte in a microplate wells modified with monoclonal anti-Salmonella, followed by exposure to a polyclonal anti-Salmonella/Si-MB bioconjugate and then measurement of absorbance at 598 nm. The platform had an assay time of 20 min, could detect heat-killed Salmonella with a limit of detection of 48 CFU mL-1 , and gave good recoveries in milk. The labels could be stored at 4 °C for 70 days without any deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopchulee Cheeveewattanagul
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien Campus, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tran Thanh Tien
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien Campus, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Patsamon Rijiravanich
- Biosciences and System Biology Team, Biochemical Engineering and System Biology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at KMUTT, Bangkhuntien Campus, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Werasak Surareungchai
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien Campus, Bangkok, Thailand.,Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien Campus, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mithran Somasundrum
- Biosciences and System Biology Team, Biochemical Engineering and System Biology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at KMUTT, Bangkhuntien Campus, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Rukambile E, Sintchenko V, Muscatello G, Kock R, Alders R. Infection, colonization and shedding of Campylobacter and Salmonella in animals and their contribution to human disease: A review. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:562-578. [PMID: 31179637 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Livestock meat and offal contribute significantly to human nutrition as sources of high-quality protein and micronutrients. Livestock products are increasingly in demand, particularly in low- and middle-income settings where economies are growing and meat is increasingly seen as an affordable and desirable food item. Demand is also driving intensification of livestock keeping and processing. An unintended consequence of intensification is increased exposure to zoonotic agents, and a contemporary emerging problem is infection with Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. from livestock (avian and mammalian), which can lead to disease, malabsorption and undernutrition through acute and chronic diarrhoea. This can occur at the farm, in households or through the food chain. Direct infection occurs when handling livestock and through bacteria shed into the environment, on food preparation surfaces or around the house and surroundings. This manuscript critically reviews Campylobacter and Salmonella infections in animals, examines the factors affecting colonization and faecal shedding of bacteria of these two genera as well as risk factors for human acquisition of the infection from infected animals or environment and analyses priority areas for preventive actions with a focus on resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpidius Rukambile
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital and New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gary Muscatello
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Robyn Alders
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre on Global Health Security, Chatham House, London, UK
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19
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Souza MN, Lehmann FKM, De Carli S, Kipper D, Fonseca ASK, Ikuta N, Lunge VR. Molecular detection of Salmonella serovars Enteritidis, Heidelberg and Typhimurium directly from pre-enriched poultry samples. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:388-394. [PMID: 31066296 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1614525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. Salmonella is one of the most important pathogens in public health and it is usually associated with food-borne diseases. Salmonella serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium are widespread in the world with outbreaks frequently associated with consumption of poultry products; furthermore, there is an increasing public health concern with the wide dissemination of the serovar Heidelberg in poultry flocks. 2. The aim of the experiment was to develop and to validate rapid methods to detect Salmonella serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Heidelberg by real-time PCRs and test isolates from pre-enriched poultry samples. 3. Three real-time PCRs were developed and used in combination to detect the serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Heidelberg. These assays were validated by the analysis of 126 Salmonella isolates, eight other enteric bacterial species and 34 naturally contaminated poultry samples after pre-enrichment with buffered peptone water (BPW). 4. Real-time PCRs detected the isolates of the most important poultry serovars (Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Heidelberg) with 100% inclusivity and exclusivity in each assay. The PCR identified monophasic variants of the serovars Typhimurium and Heidelberg. All PCRs were validated in detecting these specific serovars directly from pre-enriched poultry samples. The whole analytical procedure was performed in less than 24 h in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Souza
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - F K M Lehmann
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - S De Carli
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - D Kipper
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - A S K Fonseca
- b Simbios Biotecnologia , Cachoeirinha , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - N Ikuta
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.,b Simbios Biotecnologia , Cachoeirinha , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - V R Lunge
- a Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.,b Simbios Biotecnologia , Cachoeirinha , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
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20
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Rapid detection and differentiation of Salmonella species, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis by multiplex quantitative PCR. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206316. [PMID: 30359449 PMCID: PMC6201931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) was developed and evaluated for the simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in various (food) matrices. Early and fast detection of these pathogens facilitates effective intervention and prevents further distribution of contaminated food products on the market. Three primer and probe sets were designed to target the invA gene, the STM4200 gene, and the SEN1392 gene to detect and differentiate Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis, respectively. The multiplex qPCR targeting these three genes was optimized for efficiency and linearity. By testing 225 Salmonella isolates and 34 non-Salmonella isolates from various sources the inclusivity and exclusivity were determined. The inclusivity of the multiplex qPCR was 100% for all Salmonella isolates, including 72 S. Typhimurium isolates, and 53 S. Enteritidis isolates. The exclusivity for Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis was 100%, 94.6%, and 100%, respectively. No positive results were reported for non-Salmonella isolates. The limit of detection (LOD) for the qPCR was determined for the matrices poultry, minced meat, egg, herbs/spices, powdered milk, fish, animal feed, boot-socks with chicken feces and chicken down. LOD values for qPCR and the conventional culture methods were similar, except for the matrix boot-socks and down, for which the LOD for the conventional culture methods performed better than the qPCR method. In conclusion, the multiplex qPCR assay developed allows for rapid screening of Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis in various (food) matrices.
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21
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Molecular Detection, Virulence Genes, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serotype enteritidis Isolated from Poultry and Clinical Samples. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.69504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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22
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Cunha-Neto AD, Carvalho LA, Carvalho RCT, dos Prazeres Rodrigues D, Mano SB, Figueiredo EEDS, Conte-Junior CA. Salmonella isolated from chicken carcasses from a slaughterhouse in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil: antibiotic resistance profile, serotyping, and characterization by repetitive sequence-based PCR system. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1373-1381. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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23
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Abstract
Preharvest food safety research and activities have advanced over time with the recognition of the importance and complicated nature of the preharvest phase of food production. In developed nations, implementation of preharvest food safety procedures along with strict monitoring and containment at various postharvest stages such as slaughter, processing, storage, and distribution have remarkably reduced the burden of foodborne pathogens in humans. Early detection and adequate surveillance of pathogens at the preharvest stage is of the utmost importance to ensure a safe meat supply. There is an urgent need to develop rapid, cost-effective, and point-of-care diagnostics which could be used at the preharvest stage and would complement postmortem and other quality checks performed at the postharvest stage. With newer methods and technologies, more efforts need to be directed toward developing rapid, sensitive, and specific methods for detection or screening of foodborne pathogens at the preharvest stage. In this review, we will discuss the molecular methods available for detection and molecular typing of bacterial foodborne pathogens at the farm. Such methods include conventional techniques such as endpoint PCR, real-time PCR, DNA microarray, and more advanced techniques such as matrix-assisted layer desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and whole-genome sequencing.
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24
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Nanographite-based fluorescent biosensing of Salmonella enteritidis by applying deoxyribonuclease-assisted recycling. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Kim TH, Hwang HJ, Kim JH. Development of a Novel, Rapid Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection and Differentiation of Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium Using Ultra-Fast Convection Polymerase Chain Reaction. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:580-586. [PMID: 28696782 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium are the most common causative agents of human nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The rapid detection and timely treatment of salmonellosis are important to increase the curative ratio and prevent spreading of the disease. In this study, we developed a rapid multiplex convection polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect Salmonella spp. and differentiate Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. We used the invA gene for Salmonella spp. detection. Salmonella Enteritidis-specific primers and Salmonella Typhimurium-specific primers were designed using the insertion element (IE) and spy genes, respectively. The primer set for Salmonella spp. detection clearly detected both Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium after a 21-min amplification reaction. Serovar-specific primer sets for Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium specifically detected each target species in a 21-min amplification reaction. We were able to detect Salmonella spp. at a single copy level in the singleplex mode. The limits of detection for Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium were 30 copies in both the singleplex and multiplex modes. The PCR run time could be reduced to 10.5 min/15 cycles. The multiplex convection PCR method developed in this study could detect the Salmonella spp. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in artificially contaminated milk with as few as 100 colony-forming unit/mL after 4-h enrichment. The PCR assay developed in this study provides a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for the detection of Salmonella spp. and the differentiation of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- 1 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hee Kim
- 1 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea.,3 Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
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Xiong D, Song L, Tao J, Zheng H, Zhou Z, Geng S, Pan Z, Jiao X. An Efficient Multiplex PCR-Based Assay as a Novel Tool for Accurate Inter-Serovar Discrimination of Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Pullorum/Gallinarum and S. Dublin. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:420. [PMID: 28360901 PMCID: PMC5352712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Pullorum/Gallinarum, and Dublin are infectious pathogens causing serious problems for pig, chicken, and cattle production, respectively. Traditional serotyping for Salmonella is costly and labor-intensive. Here, we established a rapid multiplex PCR method to simultaneously identify three prevalent Salmonella serovars Enteritidis, Pullorum/Gallinarum, and Dublin individually for the first time. The multiplex PCR-based assay focuses on three genes tcpS, lygD, and flhB. Gene tcpS exists only in the three Salmonella serovars, and lygD exists only in S. Enteritidis, while a truncated region of flhB gene is only found in S. Pullorum/Gallinarum. The sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex PCR assay using three pairs of specific primers for these genes were evaluated. The results showed that this multiplex PCR method could accurately identify Salmonella Enteritidis, Pullorum/Gallinarum, and Dublin from eight non-Salmonella species and 27 Salmonella serovars. The least concentration of genomic DNA that could be detected was 58.5 pg/μL and the least number of cells was 100 CFU. Subsequently, this developed method was used to analyze clinical Salmonella isolates from one pig farm, one chicken farm, and one cattle farm. The results showed that blinded PCR testing of Salmonella isolates from the three farms were in concordance with the traditional serotyping tests, indicating the newly developed multiplex PCR system could be used as a novel tool to accurately distinguish the three specific Salmonella serovars individually, which is useful, especially in high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Li Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
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Dehkordi MS, Doosti A, Arshi A. Deletion of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sipC gene. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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