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de Carvalho CD, Valentim RR, Navegantes LCC, Papoti M. Comparison between low, moderate, and high intensity aerobic training with equalized loads on biomarkers and performance in rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18047. [PMID: 36302946 PMCID: PMC9610360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the physiological and molecular responses of Wistar Hannover rats, submitted to three 5-week chronic training models, with similar training loads. Twenty-four Wistar Hanover rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (n = 6), low-intensity training (Z1; n = 6), moderate-intensity training (Z2; n = 6) and high-intensity training (Z3; n = 6). The three exercise groups performed a 5-week running training three times a week, with the same prescribed workload but the intensity and the volume were different between groups. An increase in maximal speed was observed after four weeks of training for the three groups that trained, with no difference between groups. Higher rest glycogen was also observed in the soleus muscle after training for the exercise groups compared to the control group. We also found that the Z2 group had a higher protein content of total and phosphorylated GSK3-β compared to the control group after five weeks of training. In conclusion, the present study shows that five weeks of treadmill training based on intensity zones 1, 2, and 3 improved performance and increased resting glycogen in the soleus muscle, therefore intensity modulation does not change the training program adaptation since the different program loads are equalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Dellavechia de Carvalho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, Monte Alegre, 3900 Brazil
| | - Rafael Rossi Valentim
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, Monte Alegre, 3900 Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Carvalho Navegantes
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, Monte Alegre, 3900 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, Monte Alegre, 3900 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, Monte Alegre, São Paulo 3900 Brazil
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Forte LDM, Rodrigues NA, Cordeiro AV, de Fante T, Simino LAP, Torsoni AS, Torsoni MA, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Periodized versus non-periodized swimming training with equal total training load: Physiological, molecular and performance adaptations in Wistar rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239876. [PMID: 32997706 PMCID: PMC7526899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of non-periodized training performed at 80, 100 and 120% of the anaerobic threshold intensity (AnT) and a linear periodized training model adapted for swimming rats on the gene expression of monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and 4, in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles), protein contents, blood biomarkers, tissue glycogen, body mass, and aerobic and anaerobic capacities. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10 per group): a baseline (BL; euthanized before training period), a control group (GC; not exercised during the training period), three groups exercised at intensities equivalent to 80, 100 and 120% of the AnT (G80, G100 and G120, respectively) at the equal workload and a linear periodized training group (GPE). Each training program lasted 12 weeks subdivided into three periods: basic mesocycle (6 weeks), specific mesocycle (5 weeks) and taper (1 week). Although G80, G100 and G120 groups were submitted to monotony workload (i.e. non-modulation at intensity or volume throughout the training program), rodents were evaluated during the same experimental timepoints as GPE to be able comparisons. Our main results showed that all training programs were capable to minimize the aerobic capacity decrease promoted by age, which were compared to control group. Rats trained in periodization model had reduced levels of lipid blood biomarkers and increased hepatic glycogen stores compared to all other trained groups. At the molecular level, only expressions of MCT1 in the muscle were modified by different training regimens, with MCT1 mRNA increasing in rats trained at lower intensities (G80), and MCT1 protein content showed higher values in non-periodized groups compared to pre-training and GPE. Here, training at different intensities but at same total workload promoted similar adaptations in rats. Nevertheless, our results suggested that periodized training seems to be optimize the physiological responses of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D. M. Forte
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália A. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André V. Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais de Fante
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Laís A. P. Simino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Adriana S. Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Márcio A. Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Claudio A. Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fúlvia B. Manchado-Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
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Teixeira GR, Gobbo LA, Santos NJD, Araújo RGD, Santos CCD, Malheiro OCDM, Castoldi RC, Camargo-Filho JCS, Papoti M. The effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the morphology of skeletal muscle after concurrent training. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201600030010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ribeiro C, Cambri LT, Dalia RA, de Araújo MB, Botezelli JD, Sponton ACDS, de Mello MAR. Effects of physical training with different intensities of effort on lipid metabolism in rats submitted to the neonatal application of alloxan. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:138. [PMID: 23067133 PMCID: PMC3532126 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that is characterized by insulin resistance. Its development is directly connected with the inability of insulin to exert its action, not just on carbohydrate metabolism but also on primarily on lipid metabolism. The present study aimed to compare the effects of continuous, intermittent, and strength training on serum and tissue variables on the lipid metabolism of alloxan rats. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into eight groups: sedentary alloxan (SA), sedentary control (SC), continuous training alloxan (CA), intermittent training alloxan (IA), strength training alloxan (StA), continuous training control (CC), intermittent training control (IC) and strength training control (StC). Alloxan (250 mg/kg bw) was injected into neonatal rats at 6 days of age. The continuous training protocol consisted of 12 weeks of swimming training for 1 uninterrupted hour/day, five days/week, supporting a load that was 5% bw. The intermittent training protocol consisted of 12 weeks of swimming training with 30 s of activity interrupted by 30 s of rest, for a total of 20 min/day, five days/week, supporting a load that was 15% bw. The strength-training protocol consisted of 12 weeks of training, five days/week with 4 sets of 10 jumps in water with 1 min rest between sets, supporting a load that was a 50% bw. RESULTS At 28 days, the alloxan animals exhibited higher insulin resistance as measured by the disappearance of glucose serum (% Kitt/min) during the ITT. At 120 days, the sedentary alloxan animals showed higher FFA values than continuous and intermittent training alloxan. In addition, the alloxan animals that underwent intermittent and strength training showed lower FFA values compared to the corresponding controls. The continuous training protocol was less effective than the strength training protocol for reducing the levels of total cholesterol in the alloxan animals. Serum total lipid values revealed that intermittent training increased serum levels in alloxan animals CONCLUSION Thus, it was concluded that physical training at different intensities of effort is of great importance in attenuation and control of changes in the lipid metabolism in alloxan animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ribeiro
- Institute of Biosciences Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University – (Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP), Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista, Rio Claro – São Paulo, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Lucieli Teresa Cambri
- Institute of Biosciences Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University – (Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP), Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista, Rio Claro – São Paulo, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto Dalia
- Institute of Biosciences Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University – (Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP), Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista, Rio Claro – São Paulo, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Michel Barbosa de Araújo
- Institute of Biosciences Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University – (Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP), Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista, Rio Claro – São Paulo, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - José Diego Botezelli
- Institute of Biosciences Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University – (Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP), Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista, Rio Claro – São Paulo, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Christine da Silva Sponton
- Institute of Biosciences Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University – (Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP), Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista, Rio Claro – São Paulo, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Rostom de Mello
- Institute of Biosciences Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University – (Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP), Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista, Rio Claro – São Paulo, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
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Paceli RB, Cal RN, dos Santos CHF, Cordeiro JA, Neiva CM, Nagamine KK, Cury PM. The influence of physical activity in the progression of experimental lung cancer in mice. Pathol Res Pract 2012; 208:377-81. [PMID: 22683274 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most incident neoplasms in the world, representing the main cause of mortality for cancer. Many epidemiologic studies have suggested that physical activity may reduce the risk of lung cancer, other works evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the physical activity in the suppression, remission and reduction of the recurrence of tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic and anaerobic physical activity in the development and the progression of lung cancer. Lung tumors were induced with a dose of 3mg of urethane/kg, in 67 male Balb - C type mice, divided in three groups: group 1_24 mice treated with urethane and without physical activity; group 2_25 mice with urethane and subjected to aerobic swimming free exercise; group 3_18 mice with urethane, subjected to anaerobic swimming exercise with gradual loading 5-20% of body weight. All the animals were sacrificed after 20 weeks, and lung lesions were analyzed. The median number of lesions (nodules and hyperplasia) was 3.0 for group 1, 2.0 for group 2 and 1.5-3 (p=0.052). When comparing only the presence or absence of lesion, there was a decrease in the number of lesions in group 3 as compared with group 1 (p=0.03) but not in relation to group 2. There were no metastases or other changes in other organs. The anaerobic physical activity, but not aerobic, diminishes the incidence of experimental lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Batista Paceli
- School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Brazil
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Panveloski-Costa AC, Papoti M, Moreira RJ, Seraphim PM. Respostas lactacidêmicas de ratos ao treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922012000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Durante contrações musculares de alta intensidade intervaladas por curtos períodos de tempo há importante participação do metabolismo glicolítico e, consequentemente, aumento das concentrações de lactato sanguíneo. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as respostas lactacidêmicas agudas e crônicas de ratos Wistar submetidos a um treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade (salto tipo jump squat) de três sessões semanais, a cada 24h, três séries de 12 repetições com intervalos de 60s entre cada uma. Houve aumento das concentrações de lactato sanguíneo durante a sessão aguda do treinamento (lactacidemia basal vs. lactacidemia após último esforço, P < 0,001). Contrariamente, após seis semanas de treinamento, ocorreu redução de 49% na resposta lactacidêmica ao exercício em relação à primeira sessão, P = 0,0002. O exercício intermitente de alta intensidade intervalado favorece a participação do sistema glicolítico; no entanto, o treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade promove redução das respostas lactacidêmicas, sugerindo melhora da capacidade de ressíntese de fosfocreatina e da biogênese mitocondrial.
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Ribeiro C, Cambri LT, Dalia RA, Araújo MB, Ghezzi AC, Moura LP, Araújo GG, Botezelli JD, Mello MAR. Muscle protein metabolism in neonatal alloxan-administered rats: effects of continuous and intermittent swimming training. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2012; 4:5. [PMID: 22309804 PMCID: PMC3292999 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the effects of intermittent and continuous swimming training on muscle protein metabolism in neonatal alloxan-administered rats. METHODS Wistar rats were used and divided into six groups: sedentary alloxan (SA), sedentary control (SC), continuous trained alloxan (CA), intermittent trained alloxan (IA), continuous trained control (CC) and intermittent trained control (IC). Alloxan (250 mg/kg body weight) was injected into newborn rats at 6 days of age. The continuous training protocol consisted of 12 weeks of swimming training in individual cylinder tanks while supporting a load that was 5% of body weight; uninterrupted swimming for 1 h/day, five days a week. The intermittent training protocol consisted of 12 weeks of swimming training in individual cylinder tanks while supporting a load that was 15% of body weight; 30 s of activity interrupted by 30 s of rest for a total of 20 min/day, five days a week. RESULTS At 28 days, the alloxan animals displayed higher glycemia after glucose overload than the control animals. No differences in insulinemia among the groups were detected. At 120 days, no differences in serum albumin and total protein among the groups were observed. Compared to the other groups, DNA concentrations were higher in the alloxan animals that were subjected to continuous training, whereas the DNA/protein ratio was higher in the alloxan animals that were subjected to intermittent training. CONCLUSION It was concluded that continuous and intermittent training sessions were effective in altering muscle growth by hyperplasia and hypertrophy, respectively, in alloxan-administered animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Lucieli T Cambri
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Dalia
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Michel B Araújo
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Ana C Ghezzi
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Leandro P Moura
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Gustavo G Araújo
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Jose D Botezelli
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Maria AR Mello
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Physical Education Department, Av: 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista. CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro - São Paulo - Brazil
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