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Waight JL, Arias N, Jiménez-García AM, Martini M. From functional neuroimaging to neurostimulation: fNIRS devices as cognitive enhancers. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:2227-2242. [PMID: 37507648 PMCID: PMC10990990 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) relies on near-infrared (NIR) light for changes in tissue oxygenation. For decades, this technique has been used in neuroscience to measure cortical activity. However, recent research suggests that NIR light directed to neural populations can modulate their activity through "photobiomodulation" (PBM). Yet, fNIRS is being used exclusively as a measurement tool. By adopting cognitive tests sensitive to prefrontal functioning, we show that a 'classical' fNIRS device, placed in correspondence of the prefrontal cortices of healthy participants, induces faster RTs and better accuracy in some of the indexes considered. A well-matched control group, wearing the same but inactive device, did not show any improvement. Hence, our findings indicate that the 'standard' use of fNIRS devices generates PBM impacting cognition. The neuromodulatory power intrinsic in that technique has been so far completely overlooked, and future studies will need to take this into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lee Waight
- School of Psychology, University of East London, E15 4LZ, London, UK
| | - Natalia Arias
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33005, Oviedo, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana M Jiménez-García
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matteo Martini
- School of Psychology, University of East London, E15 4LZ, London, UK.
- Department of Humanities, Letters, Cultural Heritage and Educational Studies, via Arpi, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
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2
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Chino B, Torres-Simón L, Żelwetro A, Rodríguez-Rojo IC, Carnes-Vendrell A, Piñol-Ripoll G, Yubero R, Paúl N, Maestú F. Understanding the Episodic Memory and Executive Functioning Axis Impairment in MCI Patients: A Multicenter Study in Comparison with CSF Biomarkers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3147. [PMID: 38137368 PMCID: PMC10741228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the association between a verbal learning task that evaluates the potential mutual dependency between memory and executive functions (i.e., the Test of Memory Strategies, TMS) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's Disease (AD) biomarkers. METHODS A sample of 47 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants from Poland and Spain were classified according to the Erlangen Score Diagnostic Algorithm (ESA) into CSF- (n = 16) and CSF+ (n = 31) groups. Correlation analyses between TMS word-list conditions and CSF biomarkers were conducted. Additionally, an analysis of covariance was performed to define the effect on ESA classification in the sample, using as a covariable the country of origin of the participants. RESULTS Significant associations between the TMS-3 condition and Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau were observed for the whole sample. In addition, the CSF- participants obtained higher cognitive performance in TMS-3 compared to the CSF+ group. This outcome persisted if the groups were based on Aβ42 scores, but not t-tau or p-tau values. CONCLUSIONS These findings could indicate that poor performance on verbal learning tests may be affected by executive dysfunctions. Therefore, future intervention plans focused on training executive functions would be of interest to improve the ability of MCI patients to encode and organize information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Chino
- Institute of Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-S.); (F.M.)
| | - Lucía Torres-Simón
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-S.); (F.M.)
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Agnieszka Żelwetro
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 53-238 Wrocław, Poland;
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Center in Ścinawa, 59-330 Ścinawa, Poland
| | - Inmaculada Concepción Rodríguez-Rojo
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-S.); (F.M.)
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Carnes-Vendrell
- Unitat de Trastorns Cognitius, Cognition and Behavior Study Group, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-V.); (G.P.-R.)
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat de Trastorns Cognitius, Cognition and Behavior Study Group, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-V.); (G.P.-R.)
| | - Raquel Yubero
- Neurology Department, Hospital Quirónsalud Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nuria Paúl
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-S.); (F.M.)
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Soo CC, Brandenburg JT, Nebel A, Tollman S, Berkman L, Ramsay M, Choudhury A. Genome-wide association study of population-standardised cognitive performance phenotypes in a rural South African community. Commun Biol 2023; 6:328. [PMID: 36973338 PMCID: PMC10043003 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function is an indicator for global physical and mental health, and cognitive impairment has been associated with poorer life outcomes and earlier mortality. A standard cognition test, adapted to a rural-dwelling African community, and the Oxford Cognition Screen-Plus were used to capture cognitive performance as five continuous traits (total cognition score, verbal episodic memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial ability) for 2,246 adults in this population of South Africans. A novel common variant, rs73485231, reached genome-wide significance for association with episodic memory using data for ~14 million markers imputed from the H3Africa genotyping array data. Window-based replication of previously implicated variants and regions of interest support the discovery of African-specific associated variants despite the small population size and low allele frequency. This African genome-wide association study identifies suggestive associations with general cognition and domain-specific cognitive pathways and lays the groundwork for further genomic studies on cognition in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C Soo
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Jean-Tristan Brandenburg
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Almut Nebel
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephen Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa Berkman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Salem AAGG, Ferreira da Silva P, Felizardo D, Holz MR, Fonseca RP. Does the frequency of reading and writing habits contribute to executive functions, intelligence, and learning in adolescents with healthy development? APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2023; 12:34-44. [PMID: 35129415 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2026222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the frequency of reading and writing habits (FRWH) on cognition has been investigated by several studies in the literature. However, the implications of FRWH on executive development, intelligence, and academic achievement are not yet clear in adolescents with healthy development. The aim was to verify whether there are differences in executive functions, intelligence, and academic achievement between adolescents with high and low FRWH. Moreover, we aimed to investigate if there are differences in the parental FRWH between adolescents with high and low FRWH. The sample was composed of 47 healthy adolescents, n = 24 with high FRWH and n = 23 with low FRWH. Adolescents with higher FRWH had better performance on measures of vocabulary, Speech Act analysis, and Oral Narrative Discourse. Therefore, a high FRWH has a positive influence on the cognitive development of healthy adolescents, especially with regard to pragmatic language. However, adolescents with low FRWH performed better than those with a high FRWH on an automatic counting task. The interpretation of cognitive performance and academic achievement scores in neuropsychological assessment should consider the FRWH of parents and adolescents. This factor should be targeted by early stimulation interventions to help adolescents achieve the highest possible levels of global development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deivid Felizardo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maila Rossato Holz
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Luvizutto GJ, Fogaroli MO, Theotonio RM, Moura Neto ED, Nunes HRDC, Bazan R. Norm scores of cancelation and bisection tests for unilateral spatial neglect: data from a Brazilian population. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1468. [PMID: 32401966 PMCID: PMC7196728 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) results in a consistent and exaggerated spatial asymmetry in the processing of information about the body or space due to an acquired brain injury. There are several USN tests for clinical diagnosis, but none of them are validated in Brazil. The aim was to obtain normative values from a healthy sample in Brazil and to evaluate the effects of demographic variables on USN tests. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study performed with 150 neurologically healthy individuals. USN was evaluated using the line cancelation (LC), star cancelation (SC), and line bisection (LB) tests in the A3 (29.7 x 42.0 cm) sheet format. RESULTS In LC, 143 participants had 0 omissions, and the occurrence of failure was significantly associated with aging (OR=1.1[1.02-1.2]; p=0.012). In SC, 145 participants had fewer than 1 omission, and the occurrence of failure was significantly associated with aging (OR=1.07[1.03-1.11]; p<0.001). In LB, deviations were the lowest for those with the highest level of education (r=0.20; p=0.015), and the deviation was 9.5 mm. CONCLUSION The cutoff points presented in this study may be indicative of USN, but due to performance differences based on age, we suggest using different norm scores for different age groups. These norm scores can be used in the clinic immediately for USN diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo José Luvizutto
- Departamento de Fisioterapia Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, BR
| | - Marcelo Ortolani Fogaroli
- Neurocirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, BR
| | - Rodolfo Mazeto Theotonio
- Servico de Atencao e Referencia em Alcool e Drogas (SARAD), Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, BR
| | - Eduardo de Moura Neto
- Pos Graduacao em Educacao Fisica, Biomecanica e Controle Motor, Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, BR
| | | | - Rodrigo Bazan
- Departamento de Neurologia, Psicologia e Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Univesidade Paulita (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, BR
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Miranda AR, Franchetto Sierra J, Martínez Roulet A, Rivadero L, Serra SV, Soria EA. Age, education and gender effects on Wisconsin card sorting test: standardization, reliability and validity in healthy Argentinian adults. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2019; 27:807-825. [PMID: 31744387 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1693491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a widely used neuropsychological assessment of executive functioning. The aim of this study was to provide norm values and analyze the psychometric properties of WCST in healthy Argentinian adults aged from 18 to 89 years old (N = 235). Descriptive statistics are reported as means, standard deviations and percentiles, with the effects of age, education and gender being investigated by ANOVA, and with the effect sizes being calculated. The psychometrics were studied using the WCST structure, reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, and WCST norms adjusted for age and educational level are proposed. This instrument is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of executive functions. However, as the age- and educational-related effects were demonstrated, these characteristics need to be considered before interpreting WCST scores. Regarding gender, no differences were found. Our results expand the geographical and sociocultural applicability of WCST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín R Miranda
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Cordoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, INICSA , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juliana Franchetto Sierra
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Amparo Martínez Roulet
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Luisina Rivadero
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Silvana V Serra
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Elio A Soria
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, INICSA , Córdoba, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Instituto de Biología Celular , Cordoba, Argentina
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Moreira HS, Costa AS, Machado Á, Castro SL, Lima CF, Vicente SG. Distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from healthy aging and Alzheimer's Disease: The contribution of the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221873. [PMID: 31504056 PMCID: PMC6736301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functions are affected differently in healthy aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and evaluating them is important for differential diagnosis. The INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) is a brief neuropsychological screening tool, developed to assess executive dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. GOALS We aimed to examine whether and how MCI patients can be differentiated from cognitively healthy controls (HC) and mild to moderate AD patients based on IFS performance. We also explored how IFS scores are associated with age, years of education, and depressive/anxious symptoms (as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). METHOD IFS total scores were compared between 26 HC, 32 MCI and 21 mild to moderate AD patients. The three groups were matched for age and education. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) was analyzed and optimal cut-offs were determined. RESULTS Healthy participants had higher IFS scores than both clinical groups, and MCI patients had higher scores than AD patients. IFS showed high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of MCI (AUC = .89, p < .001) and AD (AUC = .99, p < .001), and for the differentiation between the clinical groups (AUC = .76, p < .001). We provide optimal cut-offs for the identification of MCI and AD and for their differentiation. We also found that, in general, higher education predicted higher IFS scores (no associations with age and depressive/anxious symptoms were observed). Altogether, these findings indicate that evaluating executive functions with the IFS can be valuable for the identification of MCI, a high-risk group for dementia, and for differentiating this condition from healthy aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Sofia Costa
- Neurocognition Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Aachen, Germany
| | - Álvaro Machado
- Neurocognition Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - São Luís Castro
- Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - César F. Lima
- Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Selene G. Vicente
- Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is considered to be a vulnerability marker for substance use disorders, including alcoholism, in offspring with familial alcoholism. However, it is not adequately explored whether different age groups offspring at high risk for alcoholism differ in their impulsivity. The present study examined trait impulsivity in offspring at high risk for alcoholism, and further examined impulsivity by categorizing these offspring into different age groups. The study also examined the association between impulsivity and age, and the association of executive functions with age and education. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample consisted of alcohol-naïve offspring at high (n = 34) and low (n = 34) risk for alcoholism. Participants were matched on age (±1 year), education (±1 year), and gender. The measures included were: Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview, family interview for genetic studies, sociodemographic data sheet, Annett's handedness questionnaire, Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale-version 11, and tests assessing executive functions. RESULTS Offspring at high risk for alcoholism demonstrated significantly high impulsivity. Furthermore, offspring at high risk were categorized into three subgroups with age. Results showed no significant difference between the subgroups with respect to impulsivity. Correlation analysis revealed no significant association between impulsivity and age. However, executive functions (concept formation, working memory, and safe decision-making) showed significant positive association, while perseveration and risky decision-making showed a negative association with age and education in both the groups. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates high impulsivity trait in offspring at high risk for alcoholism. The high impulsivity could pose a risk for addiction and may require preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Keshav J Kumar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Fernandes SM, Araújo AM, Vázquez-Justo E, Pereira C, Silva A, Paul N, Yubero R, Maestú F. Effects of aging on memory strategies: a validation of the Portuguese version of the Test of Memory Strategies. Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 32:133-151. [PMID: 29954246 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1490456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous literature has shown that executive functions (EF) are related to performance in memory tasks. The fact that there are no psychometric tests that evaluate these two constructs simultaneously led a group of researchers to develop the Test of Memory Strategies (TSM). Given the potential importance of this instrument for neuropsychological evaluation, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the TMS in Portuguese sample. We also examined the effect of aging by exploring profiles of performance on the TMS, comparing young and elderly healthy subjects. METHOD Total of 135 healthy participants were submitted to a neuropsychological assessment and were divided into four age groups: a group of young adults (25-35 years) and three groups of older individuals (aged 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and 80 or more years). RESULTS Findings supported the reliability of the TMS scores, based on analyses of internal consistency. As expected, factor analysis of the TMS scores revealed that the test yielded two factors, one capturing EF and the other memory. Correlations with classic neuropsychological tests supported convergent and discriminant validity of the TMS scores. The elderly groups presented more difficulties in creating and mobilizing memory strategies when compared with a younger group, after controlling for the influence of education, although both groups presented increases in performance throughout the five TMS subscales. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the TMS is an adequate measure to assess memory and EF, simultaneously, presenting adequate psychometric properties for a Portuguese sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Fernandes
- a INPP - Portucalense Institute for Human Development , Portucalense University , Porto , Portugal.,b IJP - Portucalense Institute for Legal Research , Portucalense University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Alexandra M Araújo
- a INPP - Portucalense Institute for Human Development , Portucalense University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Enrique Vázquez-Justo
- a INPP - Portucalense Institute for Human Development , Portucalense University , Porto , Portugal.,b IJP - Portucalense Institute for Legal Research , Portucalense University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Carolina Pereira
- a INPP - Portucalense Institute for Human Development , Portucalense University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Ana Silva
- a INPP - Portucalense Institute for Human Development , Portucalense University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuria Paul
- c Faculty of Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Raquel Yubero
- c Faculty of Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Fernando Maestú
- d Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience , Center for Biomedical Technology (Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of Madrid) , Madrid , Spain.,e CIBER-BBN , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
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Campanholo KR, Boa INF, Hodroj FCDSA, Guerra GRB, Miotto EC, de Lucia MCS. Impact of sociodemographic variables on executive functions. Dement Neuropsychol 2017; 11:62-68. [PMID: 29213495 PMCID: PMC5619216 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functions (EFs) regulate human behavior and allow individuals to
interact and act in the world. EFs are sensitive to sociodemographic variables
such as age, which promotes their decline, and to others that can exert a
neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Repiso Campanholo
- Division of Psychology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Izadora Nogueira Fonte Boa
- Division of Psychology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Rosana Benute Guerra
- Division of Psychology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane Correa Miotto
- Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Mara Cristina Souza de Lucia
- Division of Psychology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Chung CP, Chou KH, Chen WT, Liu LK, Lee WJ, Chen LK, Lin CP, Wang PN. Strictly Lobar Cerebral Microbleeds Are Associated With Cognitive Impairment. Stroke 2016; 47:2497-502. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.014166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Different distributions of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are associated with distinct pathological mechanisms. Lobar CMBs are thought to be related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, whereas deep or infratentorial CMBs are related to hypertensive vasculopathy. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of CMBs and their locations on a variety of cognitive domains.
Methods—
Study subjects were selected from the community-based I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study. We assessed cognitive domains, including verbal memory, language, visuospatial executive function, and verbal executive function. CMBs were evaluated using 3T susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.
Results—
We studied 959 subjects (mean±SD, 62.5±8.6 years; 425 [44.3%] men). CMBs were found in 14.2% of the population. We classified subjects with CMBs into 2 different groups based on the locations of their CMBs: (1) deep or infratentorial (85 subjects, 8.8% of population) and (2) strictly lobar (49, 5.1%). Multivariate linear analysis showed that strictly lobar CMBs were significantly associated with deficits in global cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination) and visuospatial executive function, as determined by the copy test of the Taylor complex figure test and the clock drawing test. We adjusted our results for age, sex, years of education, cardiovascular risk factors, and other markers of cerebral small vessel disease, lacunes, and white matter hyperintensity. Deep or infratentorial CMBs were not associated with changes in cognitive function in our population.
Conclusions—
Strictly lobar, but not deep or infratentorial, CMBs are associated with changes in cognitive function, especially in visuospatial executive functions. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy may be the underlying pathology associated with CMB-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chung
- From the Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.) and Institute of Brain Science (W.-T.C., L.-K.C.), School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience (K.-H.C., C.-P.L.), Aging and Health Research Center (L.-K.L., L.-K.C., P.-N.W.), and Brain Research Center (K.-H.C., W.-T.C., L.-K.L., P.-N.W.), National Yang Ming University; Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.), Center for Geriatric and Gerontology (L.-K.L., L.-K.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsien Chou
- From the Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.) and Institute of Brain Science (W.-T.C., L.-K.C.), School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience (K.-H.C., C.-P.L.), Aging and Health Research Center (L.-K.L., L.-K.C., P.-N.W.), and Brain Research Center (K.-H.C., W.-T.C., L.-K.L., P.-N.W.), National Yang Ming University; Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.), Center for Geriatric and Gerontology (L.-K.L., L.-K.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ta Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.) and Institute of Brain Science (W.-T.C., L.-K.C.), School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience (K.-H.C., C.-P.L.), Aging and Health Research Center (L.-K.L., L.-K.C., P.-N.W.), and Brain Research Center (K.-H.C., W.-T.C., L.-K.L., P.-N.W.), National Yang Ming University; Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.), Center for Geriatric and Gerontology (L.-K.L., L.-K.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuo Liu
- From the Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.) and Institute of Brain Science (W.-T.C., L.-K.C.), School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience (K.-H.C., C.-P.L.), Aging and Health Research Center (L.-K.L., L.-K.C., P.-N.W.), and Brain Research Center (K.-H.C., W.-T.C., L.-K.L., P.-N.W.), National Yang Ming University; Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.), Center for Geriatric and Gerontology (L.-K.L., L.-K.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.) and Institute of Brain Science (W.-T.C., L.-K.C.), School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience (K.-H.C., C.-P.L.), Aging and Health Research Center (L.-K.L., L.-K.C., P.-N.W.), and Brain Research Center (K.-H.C., W.-T.C., L.-K.L., P.-N.W.), National Yang Ming University; Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.), Center for Geriatric and Gerontology (L.-K.L., L.-K.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.) and Institute of Brain Science (W.-T.C., L.-K.C.), School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience (K.-H.C., C.-P.L.), Aging and Health Research Center (L.-K.L., L.-K.C., P.-N.W.), and Brain Research Center (K.-H.C., W.-T.C., L.-K.L., P.-N.W.), National Yang Ming University; Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.), Center for Geriatric and Gerontology (L.-K.L., L.-K.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- From the Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.) and Institute of Brain Science (W.-T.C., L.-K.C.), School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience (K.-H.C., C.-P.L.), Aging and Health Research Center (L.-K.L., L.-K.C., P.-N.W.), and Brain Research Center (K.-H.C., W.-T.C., L.-K.L., P.-N.W.), National Yang Ming University; Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.), Center for Geriatric and Gerontology (L.-K.L., L.-K.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.) and Institute of Brain Science (W.-T.C., L.-K.C.), School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience (K.-H.C., C.-P.L.), Aging and Health Research Center (L.-K.L., L.-K.C., P.-N.W.), and Brain Research Center (K.-H.C., W.-T.C., L.-K.L., P.-N.W.), National Yang Ming University; Department of Neurology (C.-P.C., W.-T.C., P.-N.W.), Center for Geriatric and Gerontology (L.-K.L., L.-K.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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