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Marian L, Withoeft JA, Costa LDS, Ribeiro LR, Melo IC, Alves RS, Baumbach LF, Pinto MGL, Snak A, Miletti LC, Ferraz SM, Sfaciotte RAP, Canal CW, Casagrande RA. Causes of fetal death in the Flemish cattle herd in Brazil. Vet World 2023; 16:766-772. [PMID: 37235167 PMCID: PMC10206958 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.766-772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Flemish cattle in Brazil are on the brink of extinction and are found only in one herd in Lages, Santa Catarina State. This study aimed to uncover the reasons for the recurring abortions in the Flemish cattle herd. Materials and Methods Seventeen Flemish fetuses underwent postmortem examinations, with samples collected for histopathology and microbiology culture tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for Neospora caninum, and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) test for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from 2015 to 2020. Results Of the 17 fetuses, N. caninum was the most common diagnosis and was found in 88% (15/17). One fetus (5.8%) had a coinfection with N. caninum and Citrobacter amalonaticus, leading to fibrinonecrotic pericarditis. All fetuses tested negative for BVDV by RT-PCR. Of the 107 dams tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay, 26 (25.2%) were anti-N. caninum seropositive, with 17 (65.4%) aborting and 5 (19.2%) having estrus repetition. Reverse transcription-PCR results showed that 9 (8.4%) of the serum samples collected from dams tested positive, which tested follow-up test 3 months later, indicating a BVDV transient infection. The factors that contributed to neosporosis included dogs' access to pastures and improper disposal of fetal remains, which made it easier for dogs to consume them. Conclusion This study warns the occurrence of N. caninum as a cause of reproductive disorders that can lead to abortion in the studied Flemish cattle herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Marian
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Aline Withoeft
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Leonardo da Silva Costa
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiza Ramos Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Isadora Cristina Melo
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Baumbach
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Snak
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Miletti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Hemoparasites and Vectors, UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Ferraz
- Center for Animal Microbiological Diagnosis, UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Assis Casagrande
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Fereig RM, Abdelbaky HH, El-Alfy ES, El-Diasty M, Elsayed A, Mahmoud HYAH, Ali AO, Ahmed A, Mossaad E, Alsayeqh AF, Frey CF. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in camels recently imported to Egypt from Sudan and a global systematic review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1042279. [PMID: 36452298 PMCID: PMC9702086 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1042279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are closely related intracellular protozoan parasites of medical and veterinary concern by causing abortions and systemic illness. Limited or ambiguous data on the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in camels triggered us to conduct this study. METHODS Camels (n = 460) recently imported from Sudan and destined mainly for human consumption, were tested for specific antibodies against these protozoans using commercially available ELISAs. From the two only quarantine stations for camels from Sudan, 368 camels were sampled between November 2015 and March 2016 in Shalateen, Red Sea governorate, and 92 samples were collected between September 2018 and March 2021 from Abu Simbel, Aswan governorate. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Overall, seropositive rates in camels were 25.7%, 3.9% and 0.8% for T. gondii, N. caninum and mixed infection, respectively. However, marked differences were found between the two study sites and/or the two sampling periods: For T. gondii, a higher rate of infection was recorded in the Red Sea samples (31.5%, 116/368; odds ratio 20.7, 5.0-85.6; P<0.0001) than in those collected in Aswan (2.2%, 2/92). The opposite was found for N. caninum with a lower rate of infection in the Red Sea samples (0.82%, 3/368; odds ratio 23.7, 6.7-83.9; P<0.0001) than in the samples from Aswan (16.3%, 15/92). Additionally, our systematic review revealed that the overall published seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum was 28.6% and 14.3% in camels worldwide, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first record of seroprevalence of both T. gondii and N. caninum in recently imported camels kept under quarantine conditions before delivery to other Egyptian cities and regions. In addition, our review provides inclusive data on the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in camel globally. This knowledge provides basic data for the implementation of strategies and control measures against neosporosis and toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragab M. Fereig
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hanan H. Abdelbaky
- Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Clinic, Eterinary Directorate, Qena, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed El-Alfy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Diasty
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute-Mansoura Provincial Lab, (AHRI-Mansoura), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsayed
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute-Al Shalateen Provincial Lab (AHRI-Al Shalateen), Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Y. A. H. Mahmoud
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Alsagher O. Ali
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ehab Mossaad
- Department of Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdullah F. Alsayeqh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Caroline F. Frey
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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de Souza GG, Amatti LZ, Garcia LV, Costa LR, Minutti AF, Martins TA, Bogado ALG, Ignácio FS, de Almeida BFM, Garcia JL, de Barros LD. Neospora caninum infection and reproductive problems in dairy cows from Brazil: A case-control study. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 28:100683. [PMID: 35115122 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neosporosis, an infectious disease caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum, has been associated with economic losses in cattle rearing worldwide. However, previous studies have not presented any evidence regarding the association between serological status of neosporosis and alteration of the reproductive parameters. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether N. caninum is associated with reproductive disorders and to evaluate the possible risk factors of the infection. Blood samples from 202 dairy cows, 51 with a history of reproductive disorders (case group) and 151 without (control group), were collected from different farms in Brazil. Epidemiological questionnaires were conducted with all the farmers. Serum samples were subjected to an indirect fluorescent antibody test to detect antibodies against the parasite. In total, 28.22% (57/202) of the cows were seropositive: 47.06% (24/51) from the case group and 21.85% (33/151) from the control group. By logistic regression, cows aged ≥48 months and cows with history of abortion were 4.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.91-12.05; p = 0.001) and 2.3 (95% CI = 1.06-5.1; p = 0.034) times more likely to be seropositive, respectively. Furthermore, our results show an association between N. caninum seropositivity and abortion in dairy cows from Brazil with poor management conditions and N. caninum seropositivity risk factors for reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Gati de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Rodovia BR 153, Km 338+420m, 19909-100 Ourinhos, SP, Brazil; Department of Clinical Veterinary, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Dr. Valter Maurício Corrêa, s/n, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidiana Zanetti Amatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Rodovia BR 153, Km 338+420m, 19909-100 Ourinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Venâncio Garcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Rodovia BR 153, Km 338+420m, 19909-100 Ourinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ramos Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Rodovia BR 153, Km 338+420m, 19909-100 Ourinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Minutti
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Thais Agostinho Martins
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexey Leon Gomel Bogado
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Rodovia Pr 218, Km 01, 86702-670 Arapongas, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Saules Ignácio
- Department of Clinical Veterinary, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Dr. Valter Maurício Corrêa, s/n, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João Luis Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Clinical Veterinary, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Dr. Valter Maurício Corrêa, s/n, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Neospora caninum Infection in Cattle in the Province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Southwest of Iran: Seroprevalence and Molecular Assessment. J Parasitol Res 2022; 2021:4258513. [PMID: 34976404 PMCID: PMC8720012 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4258513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Among the protozoa of veterinary importance, Neospora caninum is responsible for large economic and productive losses in cattle herds. Dogs are being considered the definitive hosts of the parasite. Neospora caninum has gained considerable attention through its role in the etiology of bovine abortion. The current study aimed at assessing the status of Neospora infection in cattle in Boyer-Ahmad County in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, southwest of Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 150 cattle blood samples were collected and samples were screened for N. caninum antibodies using a modified direct agglutination test (MAT). For the same samples, 130 buffy coats were collected and tested, by PCR, for the presence of N. caninum DNA, targeting the Nc-5 gene. Results Anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected in the sera of 49 out of 150 cattle which is corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 32.7%. Neospora DNA was detected in buffy coats of 26 out of 127 (20.47%) cattle. Even though Neospora infection was more common in females and in five-year-old cattle by serology and molecular methods, yet there was no statistically significant difference between age, sex, and Neospora infection in both molecular and serological methods (p > 0.05). Conclusion Findings of the current study indicate a high rate of N. caninum infection in cattle of Boyer-Ahmad region in the southwest of Iran. This issue should be further investigated and the prevention and control of this parasite in livestock, due to the high financial burden of this parasite in the livestock industry, should be considered.
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