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Gaylord ML, Audley JP, McMillin JD, Fettig CJ. Acetophenone and Green Leaf Volatiles Do Not Enhance the Efficacy of Verbenone for Inhibiting Attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Pheromone-baited Traps in Northern Arizona. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:632-636. [PMID: 36744905 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We assessed attraction of pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae), to pheromone-baited funnel traps treated with repellent semiochemicals in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm., forests in northern Arizona. Treatments included: 1) baited control (B, ipsdienol + lanierone), 2) 70 g of SPLAT Verb (a flowable, biodegradable formulation containing 10% verbenone, ISCA Technologies Inc., Riverside, CA, USA) + B, 3) 70 g of SPLAT Verb + (E)-2-hexen-1-ol+(Z)-2-hexen-1-ol + acetophenone + B, 4) 7.84-g verbenone pouch (Product #3413, Synergy Semiochemicals Corp., Delta, British Columbia, Canada) + B, and 5) 7.84-g verbenone pouch + (E)-2-hexen-1-ol+(Z)-2-hexen-1-ol + acetophenone + B. In total, 472 I. pini were collected. Trap catches were highest in baited traps and declined significantly with the addition of both formulations of verbenone. Traps treated with SPLAT Verb caught significantly fewer I. pini and male I. pini than those treated with verbenone pouches. The addition of (E)-2-hexen-1-ol+(Z)-2-hexen-1-ol + acetophenone to SPLAT Verb and the verbenone pouch had no effect on trap catch. Verbenone has potential as an effective tool for protecting P. ponderosa trees and slash from I. pini in northern Arizona, but the addition of (E)-2-hexen-1-ol+(Z)-2-hexen-1-ol + acetophenone to verbenone is unwarranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Gaylord
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 2500 South Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Jackson P Audley
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Joel D McMillin
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 2500 South Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Christopher J Fettig
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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Audley JP, Fettig CJ, Steven Munson A, Blackford DC, Mortenson LA, Mafra-Neto A. MCH-Based Semiochemical Repellents for Protecting Engelmann Spruce Trees From Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:187-192. [PMID: 34958092 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a lethal pest of spruce trees in North America. Despite decades of research, a semiochemical repellent that consistently and effectively protects spruce trees remains elusive. We evaluated the efficacy of 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (MCH) in a proprietary, volatile compound release technology (SPLAT) alone and with two adjuvants, Acer kairomone blend (AKB) and acetophenone + green leaf volatiles (PLUS) to protect individually treated Picea engelmannii Parry ex. Engelm. (Pinales: Pinaceae), and Pi. engelmannii within 11.3-m radius of the individually treated trees from colonization and mortality attributed to D. rufipennis in western Wyoming. Ninety-one Pi. engelmannii were baited with frontalin and randomly assigned to one of seven treatments (n = 13): 3.5 g of MCH applied as SPLAT MCH (SPLAT3.5), 3.5AKB, 3.5PLUS, 7 g of MCH applied as SPLAT MCH (SPLAT7), 7AKB, 7PLUS, and baited control (bait only). All repellents except SPLAT3.5 and SPLAT7 significantly reduced colonization of individually treated Pi. engelmannii compared to the baited control. 3.5PLUS, 7AKB, and 7PLUS reduced colonization most effectively, and all repellents significantly reduced mortality of individually treated Pi. engelmannii compared to the baited control. All repellents also significantly reduced colonization and mortality of neighboring Pi. engelmannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson P Audley
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Christopher J Fettig
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - A Steven Munson
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, UT 84403, USA
| | - Darren C Blackford
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, UT 84403, USA
| | - Leif A Mortenson
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, CA 95667, USA
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Koontz MJ, Latimer AM, Mortenson LA, Fettig CJ, North MP. Cross-scale interaction of host tree size and climatic water deficit governs bark beetle-induced tree mortality. Nat Commun 2021; 12:129. [PMID: 33420082 PMCID: PMC7794511 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent Californian hot drought (2012-2016) precipitated unprecedented ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) mortality, largely attributable to the western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis; WPB). Broad-scale climate conditions can directly shape tree mortality patterns, but mortality rates respond non-linearly to climate when local-scale forest characteristics influence the behavior of tree-killing bark beetles (e.g., WPB). To test for these cross-scale interactions, we conduct aerial drone surveys at 32 sites along a gradient of climatic water deficit (CWD) spanning 350 km of latitude and 1000 m of elevation in WPB-impacted Sierra Nevada forests. We map, measure, and classify over 450,000 trees within 9 km2, validating measurements with coincident field plots. We find greater size, proportion, and density of ponderosa pine (the WPB host) increase host mortality rates, as does greater CWD. Critically, we find a CWD/host size interaction such that larger trees amplify host mortality rates in hot/dry sites. Management strategies for climate change adaptation should consider how bark beetle disturbances can depend on cross-scale interactions, which challenge our ability to predict and understand patterns of tree mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Koontz
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Earth Lab, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Andrew M Latimer
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Leif A Mortenson
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Placerville, CA, USA
| | | | - Malcolm P North
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Mammoth Lakes, CA, USA
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Gaylord ML, McKelvey SR, Fettig CJ, McMillin JD. Verbenone Inhibits Attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Pheromone-Baited Traps in Northern Arizona. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:3017-3020. [PMID: 32885233 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of engraver beetles, Ips spp. De Geer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae), in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. (Pinales: Pinaceae), forests of northern Arizona have resulted in widespread tree mortality. Current treatment options, such as spraying individual P. ponderosa with insecticides or deep watering of P. ponderosa in urban and periurban settings, are limited in applicability and scale. Thinning stands to increase tree vigor is also recommended, but appropriate timing is crucial. Antiaggregation pheromones, widely used to protect high-value trees or areas against attacks by several species of Dendroctonus Erichson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae), would provide a feasible alternative with less environmental impacts than current treatments. We evaluated the efficacy of the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) in reducing attraction of pine engraver, I. pini (Say), to funnel traps baited with their aggregation pheromone in two trapping assays. Treatments included 1) unbaited control, 2) aggregation pheromone (bait), 3) bait with verbenone deployed from a pouch, and 4) bait with verbenone deployed from a flowable and biodegradable formulation (SPLAT Verb, ISCA Technologies Inc., Riverside, CA). Unbaited traps caught no beetles. In both assays, baited traps caught significantly more I. pini than traps with either formulation of verbenone, and no significant difference was observed between the verbenone pouch and SPLAT Verb. In the second assay, we also examined responses of Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), a common bark beetle predator. Traps containing verbenone pouches caught significantly fewer T. chlorodia than the baited control and SPLAT Verb treatments. We conclude that verbenone shows promise for reducing tree mortality from I. pini.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joel D McMillin
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Flagstaff, AZ
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Sadeh D, Nitzan N, Shachter A, Ghanim M, Dudai N. Rosemary-Whitefly Interaction: A Continuum of Repellency and Volatile Combinations. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:616-624. [PMID: 30535194 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) has been recorded to differentially prefer rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) varieties in commercial fields in Israel. As chemical signaling is a significant component in plant-insect interaction, the present study examined the involvement of rosemary essential oil volatiles in this differential colonization to elucidate the rosemary-whitefly ecological interaction. Thirty-two rosemary varieties with different chemical profiles were used. The average whitefly preference was 25.1% with a significant variation of 51.4%, partitioning the sampled varieties into five preference groups, hence suggesting rosemary as a non-preferred host for the insect. All relations between preference and the major volatiles 1,8-cineole, camphor, linalool, verbenone, bornyl acetate and borneol were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) or notably (0.05 < P ≤ 0.09) negative (r < 1). Therefore, revealing that whitefly preference for rosemary is based on a continuum of repellency rather than attraction. 'Choice' bioassays with a range of the major volatile concentrations and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) volatile blends (fractions) validated this observation. Principle component analysis of the entire chemical profile of two extreme varieties, representing high and low preferences, identified that approximately 43% of the volatiles in the essential oil were directly associated with repellency. Keeping in mind the remaining 57% of the compounds, this myriad of volatiles exhibit the ecological complexity of the rosemary-whitefly eco-system, explaining that whitefly preference to rosemary is repellency based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dganit Sadeh
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadav Nitzan
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Eden Research and Extension Center, Bet She'an, Israel
| | - Alona Shachter
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nativ Dudai
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Seybold SJ, Bentz BJ, Fettig CJ, Lundquist JE, Progar RA, Gillette NE. Management of Western North American Bark Beetles with Semiochemicals. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 63:407-432. [PMID: 29058977 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We summarize the status of semiochemical-based management of the major bark beetle species in western North America. The conifer forests of this region have a long history of profound impacts by phloem-feeding bark beetles, and species such as the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and the spruce beetle (D. rufipennis) have recently undergone epic outbreaks linked to changing climate. At the same time, great strides are being made in the application of semiochemicals to the integrated pest management of bark beetles. In this review, we synthesize and interpret these recent advances in applied chemical ecology of bark beetles for scientists and land managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Seybold
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, California, 95618, USA; , ,
| | - Barbara J Bentz
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Logan, Utah, 84321, USA;
| | - Christopher J Fettig
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, California, 95618, USA; , ,
| | - John E Lundquist
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Anchorage, Alaska, 99501, USA;
| | - Robert A Progar
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, La Grande, Oregon, 97850, USA;
| | - Nancy E Gillette
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, California, 95618, USA; , ,
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Mafra-Neto A, Fettig CJ, Munson AS, Rodriguez-Saona C, Holdcraft R, Faleiro JR, El-Shafie H, Reinke M, Bernardi C, Villagran KM. Development of Specialized Pheromone and Lure Application Technologies (SPLAT®) for Management of Coleopteran Pests in Agricultural and Forest Systems. BIOPESTICIDES: STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1172.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agenor Mafra-Neto
- ISCA Technologies, Inc., 1230 W. Spring Street, Riverside, California 92507, U.S.A
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, California 95618, U.S.A
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, Utah 84403, U.S.A
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, U.S.A
- FAO of the UN, Date Palm Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, P. O. Box 43, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher J. Fettig
- ISCA Technologies, Inc., 1230 W. Spring Street, Riverside, California 92507, U.S.A
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, California 95618, U.S.A
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, Utah 84403, U.S.A
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, U.S.A
- FAO of the UN, Date Palm Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, P. O. Box 43, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Steven Munson
- ISCA Technologies, Inc., 1230 W. Spring Street, Riverside, California 92507, U.S.A
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, California 95618, U.S.A
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, Utah 84403, U.S.A
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, U.S.A
- FAO of the UN, Date Palm Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, P. O. Box 43, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- ISCA Technologies, Inc., 1230 W. Spring Street, Riverside, California 92507, U.S.A
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, California 95618, U.S.A
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, Utah 84403, U.S.A
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, U.S.A
- FAO of the UN, Date Palm Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, P. O. Box 43, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Holdcraft
- ISCA Technologies, Inc., 1230 W. Spring Street, Riverside, California 92507, U.S.A
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, California 95618, U.S.A
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, Utah 84403, U.S.A
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, U.S.A
- FAO of the UN, Date Palm Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, P. O. Box 43, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jose Romeno Faleiro
- ISCA Technologies, Inc., 1230 W. Spring Street, Riverside, California 92507, U.S.A
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, California 95618, U.S.A
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, Utah 84403, U.S.A
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, U.S.A
- FAO of the UN, Date Palm Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, P. O. Box 43, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamadttu El-Shafie
- ISCA Technologies, Inc., 1230 W. Spring Street, Riverside, California 92507, U.S.A
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, California 95618, U.S.A
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, Utah 84403, U.S.A
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, U.S.A
- FAO of the UN, Date Palm Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, P. O. Box 43, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Reinke
- ISCA Technologies, Inc., 1230 W. Spring Street, Riverside, California 92507, U.S.A
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, California 95618, U.S.A
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, Utah 84403, U.S.A
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, U.S.A
- FAO of the UN, Date Palm Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, P. O. Box 43, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carmem Bernardi
- ISCA Technologies, Inc., 1230 W. Spring Street, Riverside, California 92507, U.S.A
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, California 95618, U.S.A
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, Utah 84403, U.S.A
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, U.S.A
- FAO of the UN, Date Palm Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, P. O. Box 43, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katherine. M. Villagran
- ISCA Technologies, Inc., 1230 W. Spring Street, Riverside, California 92507, U.S.A
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, California 95618, U.S.A
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, Utah 84403, U.S.A
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, U.S.A
- FAO of the UN, Date Palm Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, P. O. Box 43, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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