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Joseph J, Magee C, Jia L, Zhang L, Adhikari P, Ramachandran R. Phenotypic virulence characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from broiler breeders with colibacillosis in Mississippi. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae032. [PMID: 38383817 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic virulence characteristics of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from broiler breeders with colibacillosis in Mississippi. Also, the relationship between phenotypic and genotypic virulence patterns was determined. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-eight APEC isolated from lesions of broiler breeders diagnosed with colibacillosis were used for embryo lethality assay and chick challenge study. The percentage of embryo mortality following embryo lethality assay and pathogenicity score following the chick challenge study were used to categorize the isolates based on virulence. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between embryo mortality, chick pathogenicity, and the presence of virulence-associated genes in the isolates. Overall, 39.3% of the isolates were highly virulent and 3.5% were avirulent, following both assays. There existed a positive correlation between embryo mortality and chick pathogenicity (r = 0.73, P < .01), as well as percentage embryo mortality and pathogenicity score with the presence of some virulence genes. CONCLUSIONS Even though all the APEC were isolated from lesions of diseased breeders, the virulence potential varied from being avirulent to highly virulent. Further, we identified a positive relationship between phenotypic virulence and the frequency of virulence-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiddu Joseph
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Christopher Magee
- USDA-ARS, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Linan Jia
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Pratima Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Reshma Ramachandran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
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Pham VH, Abbas W, Huang J, Guo F, Zhang K, Kong L, Zhen W, Guo Y, Wang Z. Dietary coated essential oil and organic acid mixture supplementation improves health of broilers infected with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:245-262. [PMID: 36712401 PMCID: PMC9868345 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a very prevalent disease in poultry farms in China. The exploration of effective non-antibiotic substances is of great significance for the control of APEC infections. This experiment evaluated the efficacy of coated essential oil and organic acid (EOA) supplementation to prevent E. coli O78 infection in broiler chickens. A total of 288 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group. Chickens were fed a diet either supplemented with EOA (500 mg/kg feed) or not, and either uninfected or infected with E. coli O78 intratracheally. Results showed that E. coli O78 infection reduced body weight gain, increased mortality and the ratio of feed to gain along with cecal and liver E. coli load, damaged gut mucosa, induced local and systemic inflammation, and altered cecal microbial composition, diversity and function (P < 0.05). Supplemental EOA improved feed conversion efficiency, lowered gross lesion scores and cecal E. coli population, enhanced intestinal goblet cells and serum IgG concentration, and tended to decrease serum IL-12 production (P < 0.05). Essential oil and organic acid addition downregulated IFN-γ mRNA, tended to decrease mucin-2 mRNA levels while upregulating IL-10 mRNA, and tended to increase ZO-1 gene expression in the jejuna of infected birds at 7 d after E. coli O78 challenge (P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that both EOA addition and E. coli O78 challenge altered the diversity and composition of the cecal microbiota community. Furthermore, infected birds fed EOA showed decreased Bacteroidetes and genus Lactobacillus abundance compared with the infected control. LEfSe analysis showed that Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales, Clostridia, Lactobacillus, Lactobacilaceae, and cc-115 were enriched in the non-infected but EOA-treated group (P < 0.05). Collectively, dietary EOA supplementation could mildly alleviate E. coli-induced gut injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hieu Pham
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China,Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Thai Nguyen University Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam
| | - Waseem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201807, China
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kaichen Zhang
- Tengzhou Heyi Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, 277000, China
| | - Linhua Kong
- Tengzhou Heyi Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, 277000, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China,Corresponding author.
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Saliha U, Tivendale KA, Noormohammadi AH, Shil P, Daly J, Omotainse OS, Arshad HU, Marenda MS. Nebulization as a more efficient method than atomizer for experimental reproduction of avian colibacillosis in young chickens. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:590-600. [PMID: 35950683 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTInfection and immunity studies involving genetically modified organisms (GMOs), such as gene knockout bacterial mutants require stringent physical containment to prevent the accidental spread of these organisms into the environment. Experimental respiratory tract infection models often require the animals, for example birds, to be transported several times between a negative pressure housing isolator and a bespoke aerosol exposure chamber under positive pressure. While the exposure chamber is sealed and fitted with HEPA filters, the repeated movements of infected animals and opening of the chamber can still pose a serious risk of breaching containment of the organism in the experimental facility. In the current study, the ability of two aerosol infection protocols that expose birds to avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) aerosols directly within the housing isolator was evaluated. Young chicks were exposed to APEC E956 within the negative pressure housing isolators using either a nebulizer or an atomizer. Birds exposed twice (days 1 and 4) to aerosols of APEC E956 produced by the nebulizer developed a rapidly progressing disease mimicking field cases of avian colibacillosis. However, birds exposed to aerosols of APEC E956 produced by an atomizer, did not develop colibacillosis even after 3 exposures to APEC E956 on days 1, 4 and 7. Consequently, the current study reports the nebulizer was more efficacious in producing avian colibacillosis under stricter bacterial containment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uneeb Saliha
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly A Tivendale
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Pollob Shil
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - June Daly
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Oluwadamilola S Omotainse
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Hafiz U Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marc S Marenda
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
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4
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Lucas C, Delannoy S, Schouler C, Souillard R, Le Devendec L, Lucas P, Keita A, Fach P, Puterflam J, Bougeard S, Kempf I. Description and validation of a new set of PCR markers predictive of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence. Vet Microbiol 2022; 273:109530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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5
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Kromann S, Olsen RH, Bojesen AM, Jensen HE, Thøfner I. Development of an aerogenous Escherichia coli infection model in adult broiler breeders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19556. [PMID: 34599201 PMCID: PMC8486767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli constitutes an immense challenge to the poultry industry due to its devastating effect on productivity, mortality, and carcass condemnations. To aid future studies on disease mechanisms and interventions, an aerogenous infection model was established in adult broiler breeders. Hens (n = 120) were randomly allocated into six groups receiving either aerosolised E. coli or vehicle, or intratracheal E. coli or vehicle. Replication of aerosol inoculation was performed on distinct days. Alternating euthanasia time points were predetermined in order to evaluate the progression of the disease. All animals were thoroughly necropsied, and bacteriological samples were collected as well as tissues for histopathology. Birds inoculated with E. coli exhibited clinical signs and developed characteristic gross and histopathological lesions of colibacillosis, including splenic fibrinoid necrosis, folliculitis, polyserositis and impaction of parabronchi with fibrinoheterophilic exudate and necrotic debris, as well as positive in situ localisation of intralesional E. coli by immunohistochemistry. This study presents a successful development of a discriminative colibacillosis model through aerosol inoculation of adult broiler breeders. Gross and histopathological lesions characteristic of colibacillosis were established in two independent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Kromann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. .,DanHatch Denmark A/S, Rugerivej 26, 9760, Vrå, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Heidemann Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Elvang Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ida Thøfner
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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6
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Paudel S, Fink D, Abdelhamid MK, Zöggeler A, Liebhart D, Hess M, Hess C. Aerosol is the optimal route of respiratory tract infection to induce pathological lesions of colibacillosis by a lux-tagged avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in chickens. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:417-426. [PMID: 34505551 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1978392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in poultry is unclear and experimental studies reveal substantial inconsistency. In this study, the impact of three infection routes differing in the site of deposition of inoculum in the respiratory tract, were investigated. Two-weeks-old chickens were infected with a lux-tagged APEC strain via aerosol, intranasally or intratracheally, and sequentially sampled along with uninfected birds. At 1 and 3 days post infection (dpi), liver or spleen to body-weight ratios in all infected groups were significantly higher than in negative control, while at 7 dpi, such differences were significant in both organs in the aerosol-infected group. The infection-strain colonized tracheas and lungs in infected birds at 1 dpi and persisted until 7 dpi. Among infected groups, in lungs, bacterial load at 1 dpi was significantly lower in intranasally-inoculated birds. Histology revealed that, independent of infection route, lesions were mostly seen in the lower respiratory organs (lungs and air sacs) characterized by bronchitis/pneumonia and airsacculitis. Birds infected via aerosol showed the highest mean lesion score in lungs while intranasal application caused the mildest pathological changes, and difference between the two groups was significant at 1 dpi. In spleen, heterophilic infiltrations were prominent in affected birds. Interestingly, tracheas were pathologically unaffected. Altogether, the results demonstrated the importance of infection route, with aerosol being the most suitable to induce pathological lesions of colibacillosis without predisposing factors. Furthermore, the lux-tagged APEC strain was discriminated from native isolates enabling exact differentiation and enumeration.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Lux-tagged APEC strain was used for infection to differentiate from native E. coli.Pathologically, lungs, air sacs and spleen but not trachea were affected.The route of infection strongly impacts the pathological outcome with APEC.The infection with APEC via aerosol caused the most severe lesions in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Paudel
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Fink
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohamed Kamal Abdelhamid
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Anna Zöggeler
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Fujimoto Y, Inoue H, Kanda T, Ijiri M, Uemura R. Virulence-Associated Gene Profiles of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chickens with Colibacillosis in Japan and Their Correlation with Pathogenicity in Chicken Embryos. Avian Dis 2021; 65:401-405. [PMID: 34427414 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-65.3.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Colibacillosis, an infectious disease of chickens, is caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC); however, in addition to APEC, other pathogens are also frequently isolated from chickens affected with colibacillosis. Therefore, experimental infections in chickens are necessary to evaluate the pathogenicity of APEC isolates. Recent studies have shown that embryo lethality assays can be used as an alternative method to evaluate the pathogenicity of E. coli. In this study, to determine the important virulence genes associated with the pathogenicity of E. coli, 67 strains of E. coli that possessed different combinations of eight representative virulence genes (cva/cvi, vat, tsh, iucD, papC, irp2, iss, and astA) were isolated from broilers with colibacillosis in Japan, and the chicken embryo lethal assay was conducted. The genes vat, papC, and irp2 showed strong correlation with the level of virulence in E. coli. Our study provides useful information about the important virulence-associated genes in relation to the pathogenicity of E. coli in Japanese chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan, .,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hideya Inoue
- Shiga Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Otsu-shi, Shiga 520-0834, Japan
| | - Takuya Kanda
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Moe Ijiri
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ryoko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadainishi, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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8
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Efficacy of Live Attenuated Vaccine and Commercially Available Lectin Against Avian Pathogenic E. coli Infection in Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020065. [PMID: 32414109 PMCID: PMC7355798 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the protective efficacy of an E. coli live attenuated vaccine was compared to the preventive administration of lectin preparation before the challenge. Two hundred broiler chicks were divided into eight equal groups. The first group was used as a negative control group. Three groups were vaccinated at day 1 with the avian colibacillosis live vaccine of which one group served as a vaccinated nonchallenged group. Another two groups were treated with lectin product (0.5 mL/L drinking water) for three days before the challenge. The last two groups served as challenge control for either E. coli O78 or O125 strains. The challenge was conducted at three weeks of age with either homologous O78 or heterologous O125E. coli strains, using 0.5 mL/bird of each avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strain (~108 colony forming units “CFU”/mL)/subcutaneously. The bodyweight and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated for four weeks. Clinical signs and gross and histopathological lesions were scored at two and seven days post inoculation (dpi). The heart and liver of euthanized chickens at 2 dpi were removed aseptically and homogenized to evaluate pathogenic E. coli colonization. Results showed that live avian colibacillosis vaccine reduced mortalities and APEC colonization in the homologous challenge group but not in the heterologous challenge group. Lectin-treated groups showed 20% and 16% mortality after challenge with E. coli O78 and O125, respectively, and both groups showed performance parameters, clinical signs, and histopathological lesion scores comparable to the negative control group, with variable E. coli colonization of heart and liver. The study demonstrated the efficacy of live attenuated avian colibacillosis vaccine against homologous but not heterologous APEC challenge in broiler chickens. The lectin-containing products can be used as a preventive medication to reduce the clinical impacts of colibacillosis regardless of the challenge strain. Standardization of the evaluation parameters for APEC vaccines is recommended.
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9
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Incidence, Pathotyping, and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli among Diseased Broiler Chicks. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020114. [PMID: 32059459 PMCID: PMC7168244 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 54 broiler flocks during the first two weeks of life was used to investigate the incidence of avian pathogenic E. coli in Egypt; 28 isolates (51.85%) were revealed by colony morphology and biochemical identification which then investigated for their serogroups and only 18/28 isolates were serotyped. The most prevalent serotypes were O115, O142, O158, O55, O125, O114, O27, O20, and O15. By application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 83.3% (15/18) of the serotyped isolates were confirmed to be E. coli, and 93.3% (14/15), 46.6% (7/15), and 20% (3/15) of isolates harbored the iss, iutA, and fimH genes, respectively. Virulence testing of the selected 13 APEC isolates on the specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks revealed them to be highly virulent (15.4%), moderately virulent (23.1%), and avirulent (61.5%); however, all isolates (100%) were extremely virulent towards SPF embryonated chicken eggs. Antibiotic resistance (100% of isolates (n = 13)) was observed for ampicillin, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, and tetracyclines, colistin (92.31%; 12/13), doxycycline and spiramycin (84.62%; 11/13), florfenicol (69.23%; 9/13), cefotaxime (61.54%; 8/13), and ciprofloxacin (53.85%; 7/13). The highest percentage of sensitivity (53.85% of isolates; 7/13) was recorded for ofloxacin and enrofloxacin followed by gentamycin (46.15%; 6/13). The results suggest that the diagnosis of APEC with PCR is rapid and more accurate than traditional methods for E. coli identification; moreover, the presence or absence of iss, iutA, and/or fimH genes is not an indicator of in vivo pathogenicity of APEC. Thus, further studies, including a wider range of virulence genes and gene sequencing, are required. In addition, serotyping has no effect on the virulence of APEC.
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Ozaki H, Yonehara K, Murase T. Virulence of Escherichia coli Isolates Obtained from Layer Chickens with Colibacillosis Associated with Pericarditis, Perihepatitis, and Salpingitis in Experimentally Infected Chicks and Embryonated Eggs. Avian Dis 2019; 62:233-236. [PMID: 29944397 DOI: 10.1637/11685-060717-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates obtained from colibacillosis cases associated with pericarditis, perihepatitis, and salpingitis, the embryo lethality assay and experimental infection model in chicks were used in this study. According to the established criteria based on mortality in the embryo lethality assay for evaluating the virulence of E. coli isolates, 23 of the 26 APEC isolates associated with pericarditis and perihepatitis and 8 of the 20 isolates associated with salpingitis were found to be virulent. Isolate D137, which had been obtained from a case with pericarditis and perihepatitis and had an embryo mortality of 92%, and isolate D445, which had been obtained from a case with pericarditis and perihepatitis and had an embryo mortality of 17%, were used for the experimental infection. Four of the five 11-day-old chickens inoculated through the air sac with isolate D137 died 1 day postinoculation, and the challenge strain was recovered from the air sac, pericardial sac, or liver; however, colibacillosis lesions were found in only one of the five birds postmortem. All five chicks inoculated with isolate D445 survived for 7 days postinoculation and exhibited airsacculitis or pericarditis lesions at 7 days postinoculation; the challenge strain was not recovered from the lesions postmortem. The results obtained in this study suggest that the different APEC isolates tested cause illness in chickens through distinct pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ozaki
- A Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan.,B Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - K Yonehara
- A Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - T Murase
- A Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan.,B Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
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11
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Li B, Ke B, Zhao X, Guo Y, Wang W, Wang X, Zhu H. Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of mcr-1 Positive Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli in China From 2013 to 2016. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2514. [PMID: 30405572 PMCID: PMC6206212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli poses a great challenge for public health in recent decades. Polymyxins have been reconsidered as a valuable therapeutic option for the treatment of infections caused by MDR E. coli. A plasmid-encoded colistin resistance gene mcr-1 encoding phosphoethanolamine transferase has been recently described in Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, a total of 123 E. coli isolates obtained from patients with diarrheal diseases in China were used for the genetic analysis of colistin resistance in clinical isolates. Antimicrobial resistance profile of polymyxin B (PB) and 11 commonly used antimicrobial agents were determined. Among the 123 E. coli isolates, 9 isolates (7.3%) were resistant to PB and PCR screening showed that seven (5.7%) isolates carried the mcr-1 gene. A hybrid sequencing analysis using single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Illumina sequencing was then performed to resolve the genomes of the seven mcr-1 positive isolates. These seven isolates harbored multiple plasmids and are MDR, with six isolates carrying one mcr-1 positive plasmid and one isolate (14EC033) carrying two mcr-1 positive plasmids. These eight mcr-1 positive plasmids belonged to the IncX4, IncI2, and IncP1 types. In addition, the mcr-1 gene was the solo antibiotic resistance gene identified in the mcr-1 positive plasmids, while the rest of the antibiotic resistance genes were mostly clustered into one or two plasmids. Interestingly, one mcr-1 positive isolate (14EC047) was susceptible to PB, and we showed that the activity of MCR-1-mediated colistin resistance was not phenotypically expressed in 14EC047 host strain. Furthermore, three isolates exhibited resistance to PB but did not carry previously reported mcr-related genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed that these mcr-1 positive E. coli isolates belonged to five different STs, and three isolates belonged to ST301 which carried multiple virulence factors related to diarrhea. Additionally, the mcr-1 positive isolates were all susceptible to imipenem (IMP), suggesting that IMP could be used to treat infection caused by mcr-1 positive E. coli isolates. Collectively, this study showed a high occurrence of mcr-1 positive plasmids in patients with diarrheal diseases of Guangzhou in China and the abolishment of the MCR-1 mediated colistin resistance in one E. coli isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixia Ke
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxue Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiquan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
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Jung A, Chen LR, Suyemoto MM, Barnes HJ, Borst LB. A Review ofEnterococcus cecorumInfection in Poultry. Avian Dis 2018; 62:261-271. [DOI: 10.1637/11825-030618-review.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany,
| | - Laura R. Chen
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - M. Mitsu Suyemoto
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - H. John Barnes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Luke B. Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607
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Osman KM, Hessain AM, Abo-Shama UH, Girh ZM, Kabli SA, Hemeg HA, Moussa IM. An alternative approach for evaluating the phenotypic virulence factors of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:195-197. [PMID: 29472764 PMCID: PMC5815987 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a recognized zoonotic food-borne pathogen; however, the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the underdeveloped countries to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic E. coli is a problematic issue. Our grail was to assess the phenotypic virulence markers motility, hemolysin, congo red agar, embryo lethality assay and serum resistance for pathogenic E. coli (PEC) correlated to PCR tests which is currently used world-wide to evaluate the PEC. The 448 strains of Escherichia coli that were isolated from different sources, were characterized for phenotypic virulence factors such as motility, hemolysin, Congo red binding, Embryo Lethality assay (ELA) and serum resistance, as well as antibiotic susceptibility using disc diffusion method to 23 antibiotics. Results exhibited 100% motility and Congo red binding, 97.1% for hemolysin production and 90.2% in the ELA. As a result, we were able to hypothetically conclude that the aforementioned virulence markers are plain, straightforward, economical, rapid, more dynamic, uncomplicated methodology, duplicatable and cost next to nothing when compared to the molecular PCR. Their implementation in a diagnostic microbiology laboratory for vetting is a rewarding task in the underdeveloped countries. It augments endeavors to minimize the use of PCR in our investigations especially during epidemiological and outbreak investigations of PEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia M Osman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ashgan M Hessain
- Department of Health Science, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama H Abo-Shama
- Microbiology & Immunity Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Zeinab M Girh
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Kabli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Technology/Microbiology, College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab M Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Zhang LY, Lv S, Wu SC, Guo X, Xia F, Hu XR, Song Z, Zhang C, Qin QQ, Fu BD, Yi PF, Shen HQ, Wei XB. Inhibitory effects of α-cyperone on adherence and invasion of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 to chicken type II pneumocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 159:50-7. [PMID: 24629766 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli, and usually cause avian septicemia through breaching the blood-gas barrier. Type II pneumocytes play an important role of maintaining the function of the blood-gas barrier. However, the mechanism of APEC injuring type II pneumocytes remains unclear. α-cyperone can inhibit lung cell injury induced by Staphylococcus aureus. In order to explore whether α-cyperone regulates the adherence and invasion of APEC-O78 to chicken type II pneumocytes, we successfully cultured chicken type II pneumocytes. The results showed that α-cyperone significantly decreased the adherence of APEC-O78 to chicken type II pneumocytes. In addition, α-cyperone inhibited actin cytoskeleton polymerization induced by APEC-O78 through down regulating the expression of Nck-2, Cdc42 and Rac1. These results provide new evidence for the prevention of colibacillosis in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Shuai-Cheng Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xun Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Fang Xia
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Rou Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Zhou Song
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Qian-Qian Qin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Ben-Dong Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Yi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Hai-Qing Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xu-Bin Wei
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
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15
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Kawano M, Yaguchi K, Osawa R. Genotypic Analyses ofEscherichia coliIsolated from Chickens with Colibacillosis and Apparently Healthy Chickens in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 50:961-6. [PMID: 17179663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A genotypic comparison using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), amplified ribosomal restriction analysis (ARDRA) as well as PCRs targeting virulence associated genes reported elsewhere in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC) was made between E. coli strains isolated from chickens with colibacillosis and those from the feces of apparently healthy chickens in Japan. The majority (67%) of clinical isolates belonged to a certain phylogenetic ARDRA but not PFGE cluster, with virulence-related genes carried by ColV plasmid being markedly prevalent. The result suggests that APEC strains originated from the same "ancestor" in the course of E. coli evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kawano
- Department of Bioresource and Agrobiosciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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16
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Gan HM, Sieo CC, Tang SGH, Omar AR, Ho YW. The complete genome sequence of EC1-UPM, a novel N4-like bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli O78:K80. Virol J 2013; 10:308. [PMID: 24134834 PMCID: PMC3853248 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteriophage EC1-UPM is an N4-like bacteriophage which specifically infects Escherichia coli O78:K80, an avian pathogenic strain that causes colibacillosis in poultry. The complete genome sequence of bacteriophage EC1-UPM was analysed and compared with other closely related N4-like phage groups to assess their genetic similarities and differences. RESULTS Bacteriophage EC1-UPM displays a very similar codon usage profile with its host and does not contain any tRNA gene. Comparative genomics analysis reveals close resemblance of bacteriophage EC1-UPM to three N4-like bacteriophages namely vB_EcoP_G7C, IME11 and KBNP21 with a total of 44 protein coding genes shared at 70% identity threshold. The genomic region coding for the tail fiber protein was found to be unique in bacteriophage EC1-UPM. Further annotation of the tail fiber protein using HHpred, a highly sensitive homology detection tool, reveals the presence of protein structure homologous to various polysaccharide processing proteins in its C-terminus. Leveraging on the availability of multiple N4-like bacteriophage genome sequences, the core genes of N4-like bacteriophages were identified and used to perform a multilocus phylogenetic analysis which enabled the construction of a phylogenetic tree with higher confidence than phylogenetic trees based on single genes. CONCLUSION We report for the first time the complete genome sequence of a N4-like bacteriophage which is lytic against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78:K80. A novel 928 amino acid residues tail fiber protein was identified in EC1-UPM which may be useful to further the understanding of phage-host specificity. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis using core genes of sequenced N4-like phages showed that the evolutionary relationship correlated well with the pattern of host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chin Chin Sieo
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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17
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Enterobacterial detection and Escherichia coli antimicrobial resistance in parrots seized from the illegal wildlife trade. J Zoo Wildl Med 2013; 44:1-7. [PMID: 23505696 DOI: 10.1638/1042-7260-44.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric bacteria are considered important potential pathogens in avian clinical medicine, causing either primary or opportunistic infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of enterobacteria in the intestinal microbiota of psittacine birds and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the Escherichia coli isolates cultured. Fecal samples were collected from 300 parrots captured from the illegal wildlife trade in Goiás, Brazil and were processed using conventional bacteriological procedures. A total of 508 isolates were obtained from 300 fecal samples: 172 E. coli (33.9% of isolates; 57.3% of individuals); 153 Enterobacter spp. (30.1% of isolates; 51.0% of individuals); 89 Klebsiella spp. (17.7% of isolates; 29.7% of individuals); 59 Citrobacter spp. (11.6% of isolates; 19.7% of individuals), 21 Proteus vulgaris (4.2% of isolates; 7.0% of individuals), 5 Providencia alcalifaciens (0.98% of isolates; 1.67% of individuals), 5 Serratia sp. (0.98% of isolates; 1.67% of individuals), 3 Hafnia aivei (0.59% of isolates; 1.00% of individuals), and 1 Salmonella sp. (0.20% of isolates; 0.33% of individuals). Escherichia coli isolates were subsequently tested for susceptibility to the following antibiotics: amoxicillin (70.93% of the isolates were resistant), ampicillin (75.58%), ciprofloxacin (23.25%), chloramphenicol (33.14%), doxycycline (64.53%), enrofloxacin (41.28%), tetracycline (69.19%), and sulfonamide (71.51%). Multi-resistance to three and four groups of antibiotics occurred in 40 samples (23.25%) and 4 samples (2.32%), respectively. These results demonstrate that illegally traded birds are carriers of potentially pathogenic bacteria, including E. coli strains with antimicrobial resistance.
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18
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Oh JY, Kang MS, Yoon H, Choi HW, An BK, Shin EG, Kim YJ, Kim MJ, Kwon JH, Kwon YK. The embryo lethality of Escherichia coli isolates and its relationship to the presence of virulence-associated genes. Poult Sci 2012; 91:370-5. [PMID: 22252350 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine if the chicken embryo lethality assay and the presence of 9 virulence-associated genes of Escherichia coli were correlated and to discover which virulence genes contributed most to embryo lethality. We examined 58 E. coli strains isolated from visceral organs of chickens with colibacillosis for the presence of 9 virulence genes (fimC, tsh, fyuA, irp2, iucD, cvi/cva, iss, astA, and vat) by PCR. The gene FimC (type I fimbriae) was detected with the highest prevalence in 93.1% of the isolates, followed by iucD (67.24%), iss (58.62%), tsh (34.48%), cvi/cva (34.48%), fyuA (32.76%), astA (31.0%), irp2 (27.59%), and vat (17.24%). The embryo mortality ranged from 5 to 100%; however, most of the isolates were moderately or highly virulent. High positive correlations were observed between the presence of virulence genes and chicken embryo lethality. In addition, presence of the iucD (aerobactin) gene was the trait that best contributed to embryo mortality by using the multivariate model. These results suggest that expression frequency of these 9 virulence genes is associated with embryo mortality, and the gene that best predicted embryo mortality was iucD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Kyunggi, Korea
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19
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He CL, Fu BD, Shen HQ, Jiang XL, Zhang CS, Wu SC, Zhu W, Wei XB. Xiang-Qi-Tang Increases Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli-Induced Survival Rate and Regulates Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin-1 and Soluble Endothelial Protein C Receptor in Chicken. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:379-82. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Liang He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University
| | - Ben-Dong Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University
| | - Hai-Qing Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University
| | - Xiao-Lin Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture
| | - Chang-Shuai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University
| | - Shuai-Cheng Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University
| | - Xu-Bin Wei
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University
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20
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Jamalludeen N, She YM, Lingohr E, Griffiths M. Isolation and characterization of virulent bacteriophages against Escherichia coli serogroups O1, O2, and O78. Poult Sci 2009; 88:1694-702. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Tivendale KA, Noormohammadi AH, Allen JL, Browning GF. The conserved portion of the putative virulence region contributes to virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:450-460. [PMID: 19202093 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.023143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Colibacillosis is a common systemic disease of worldwide economic importance in poultry, caused by Escherichia coli. E. coli are normally found in the intestines of poultry, but some strains are able to cause extraintestinal disease. Plasmid pVM01 is essential for virulence in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strain E3 in chickens after aerosol exposure and contains the virulence-associated genes iucA, iss and tsh in distinct regions. The determination of the complete sequence of this plasmid identified many ORFs that were highly similar to genes found in the APEC O1 plasmid, as well as many hypothetical ORFs. Truncated versions of pVM01 were constructed and introduced into avirulent APEC strain E3/2.4 and the pathogenicity of these strains was assessed by aerosol exposure. The function of the region of pVM01 that contains the genes for conjugation was confirmed. Strains carrying the truncated plasmids appeared to be of intermediate virulence compared to the wild-type APEC strain E3. The conserved portion of the putative virulence region was found to contribute to the colonization of and generation of lesions in the air sacs. Both the conserved and variable portions of the putative virulence region were shown to contribute to the colonization of the trachea, but the variable portion of the putative virulence region was not required for the strain to confer a virulent phenotype. These results reveal that deletion of the conserved portion of the putative virulence region, but not the variable portion of the putative virulence region, is associated with a decrease in virulence of APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Tivendale
- Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joanne L Allen
- Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Antão EM, Glodde S, Li G, Sharifi R, Homeier T, Laturnus C, Diehl I, Bethe A, Philipp HC, Preisinger R, Wieler LH, Ewers C. The chicken as a natural model for extraintestinal infections caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Microb Pathog 2008; 45:361-9. [PMID: 18848980 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
E. coli infections in avian species have become an economic threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Several factors have been associated with the virulence of E. coli in avian hosts, but no specific virulence gene has been identified as being entirely responsible for the pathogenicity of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Needless to say, the chicken would serve as the best model organism for unravelling the pathogenic mechanisms of APEC, an extraintestinal pathogen. Five-week-old white leghorn SPF chickens were infected intra-tracheally with a well characterized APEC field strain IMT5155 (O2:K1:H5) using different doses corresponding to the respective models of infection established, that is, the lung colonization model allowing re-isolation of bacteria only from the lung but not from other internal organs, and the systemic infection model. These two models represent the crucial steps in the pathogenesis of APEC infections, including the colonization of the lung epithelium and the spread of bacteria throughout the bloodstream. The read-out system includes a clinical score, pathomorphological changes and bacterial load determination. The lung colonization model has been established and described for the first time in this study, in addition to a comprehensive account of a systemic infection model which enables the study of severe extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) infections. These in vivo models enable the application of various molecular approaches to study host-pathogen interactions more closely. The most important application of such genetic manipulation techniques is the identification of genes required for extraintestinal virulence, as well as host genes involved in immunity in vivo. The knowledge obtained from these studies serves the dual purpose of shedding light on the nature of virulence itself, as well as providing a route for rational attenuation of the pathogen for vaccine construction, a measure by which extraintestinal infections, including those caused by APEC, could eventually be controlled and prevented in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther-Maria Antão
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Townsend MK, Carr NJ, Iyer JG, Horne SM, Gibbs PS, Prüss BM. Pleiotropic phenotypes of a Yersinia enterocolitica flhD mutant include reduced lethality in a chicken embryo model. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8:12. [PMID: 18215272 PMCID: PMC2262085 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Yersinia enterocolitica flagellar master regulator FlhD/FlhC affects the expression levels of non-flagellar genes, including 21 genes that are involved in central metabolism. The sigma factor of the flagellar system, FliA, has a negative effect on the expression levels of seven plasmid-encoded virulence genes in addition to its positive effect on the expression levels of eight of the flagellar operons. This study investigates the phenotypes of flhD and fliA mutants that result from the complex gene regulation. Results Phenotypes relating to central metabolism were investigated with Phenotype MicroArrays. Compared to the wild-type strain, isogenic flhD and fliA mutants exhibited increased growth on purines and reduced growth on N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-mannose, when used as a sole carbon source. Both mutants grew more poorly on pyrimidines and L-histidine as sole nitrogen source. Several intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid and the urea cycle, as well as several dipeptides, provided differential growth conditions for the two mutants. Gene expression was determined for selected genes and correlated with the observed phenotypes. Phenotypes relating to virulence were determined with the chicken embryo lethality assay. The assay that was previously established for Escherichia coli strains was modified for Y. enterocolitica. The flhD mutant caused reduced chicken embryo lethality when compared to wild-type bacteria. In contrast, the fliA mutant caused wild-type lethality. This indicates that the virulence phenotype of the flhD mutant might be due to genes that are regulated by FlhD/FlhC but not FliA, such as those that encode the flagellar type III secretion system. Conclusion Phenotypes of flhD and fliA mutants are related to central metabolism and virulence and correlate with gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Townsend
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA.
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24
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Raviv Z, Ferguson-Noel N, Laibinis V, Wooten R, Kleven SH. Role Of Mycoplasma Synoviae In Commercial Layer Escherichia Coli Peritonitis Syndrome. Avian Dis 2007; 51:685-90. [DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[685:romsic]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Kariyawasam S, Scaccianoce JA, Nolan LK. Common and specific genomic sequences of avian and human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli as determined by genomic subtractive hybridization. BMC Microbiol 2007; 7:81. [PMID: 17760980 PMCID: PMC2031896 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) strategy was used with extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (EXPEC) that cause avian colibacillosis (avian pathogenic E. coli or APEC) and human urinary tract infections (uropathogenic E. coli or UPEC) to determine if they possessed genes that were host and/or niche specific. Both APEC and UPEC isolates were used as tester and driver strains in 4 different SSHs in order to obtain APEC- and UPEC-specific subtraction fragments (SFs). Results These procedures yielded a total of 136 tester-specific SFs of which 85 were APEC-derived and 51 were UPEC-derived. Most of the APEC-derived SFs were associated with plasmids; whereas, the majority of UPEC-derived sequences matched to the bacterial chromosome. We further determined the distribution of these tester-derived sequences in a collection of UPEC and APEC isolates using polymerase chain reaction techniques. Plasmid-borne, APEC-derived sequences (tsh, cvaB, traR, traC and sopB) were predominantly present in APEC, as compared to UPEC. Of the UPEC-derived SFs, those encoding hemolysin D and F1C major and minor fimbrial subunits were present only in UPEC. However, two UPEC-derived SFs that showed strong similarity to the uropathgenic-specific protein gene (usp) occurred in APEC, demonstrating that usp is not specific to UPEC. Conclusion This study provides evidence of the genetic variability of ExPEC as well as genomic similarities between UPEC and APEC; it did not identify any single marker that would dictate host and/or niche specificity in APEC or UPEC. However, further studies on the genes that encode putative or hypothetical proteins might offer important insight into the pathogenesis of disease, as caused by these two ExPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashinie Kariyawasam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1802 Elwood Drive, VMRI #2, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jennifer A Scaccianoce
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1802 Elwood Drive, VMRI #2, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1802 Elwood Drive, VMRI #2, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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26
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Skyberg JA, Johnson TJ, Johnson JR, Clabots C, Logue CM, Nolan LK. Acquisition of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli plasmids by a commensal E. coli isolate enhances its abilities to kill chicken embryos, grow in human urine, and colonize the murine kidney. Infect Immun 2006; 74:6287-92. [PMID: 16954398 PMCID: PMC1695531 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00363-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have found an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) plasmid, pAPEC-O2-ColV, which contains many of the genes associated with APEC virulence and also shows similarity in content to a plasmid and pathogenicity island of human uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). To test the possible role of this plasmid in virulence, it was transferred by conjugation along with a large R plasmid, pAPEC-O2-R, into a commensal avian E. coli strain. The transconjugant was compared to recipient strain NC, UPEC strain HE300, and donor strain APEC O2 using various assays, including lethality for chicken embryos, growth in human urine, and ability to cause urinary tract infection in mice. The transconjugant killed significantly more chicken embryos than did the recipient. In human urine, APEC O2 grew at a rate equivalent to that of UPEC strain HE300, and the transconjugant showed significantly increased growth compared to the recipient. The transconjugant also significantly outcompeted the recipient in colonization of the murine kidney. These findings suggest that APEC plasmids, such as pAPEC-O2-ColV, contribute to the pathogenesis of avian colibacillosis. Moreover, since avian E. coli and their plasmids may be transmitted to humans, evaluation of APEC plasmids as possible reservoirs of urovirulence genes for human UPEC may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerod A Skyberg
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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