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MİLLETSEVER A. Evcil bir güvercinde generalize tüberküloz olgusu. MEHMET AKIF ERSOY ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.24880/maeuvfd.930980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Buscaglia NA, Righton AL, Armstrong DL. Mycobacterial Airsacculitis Caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum in a Southern Rockhopper Penguin ( Eudyptes chrysocome). J Avian Med Surg 2021; 34:295-301. [PMID: 33099984 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 21-year-old male southern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) was presented with a chronic history of intermittently decreased appetite, lethargy, and regurgitation. On the external physical examination, the bird was determined to be in fair-to-thin body condition with the complete blood count and plasma chemistry panel being largely unremarkable. Full-body radiographic images were considered normal, and gastroscopy showed only mild gastritis and duodenitis. The penguin was euthanatized shortly thereafter due to acute onset of respiratory distress. During the gross necropsy examination, the bird had severe airsacculitis with thick, yellow-to-tan, moist granular plaques adhering to the surface of many air sacs, as well as regional contiguous pneumonia. Intralesional acid-fast bacilli were observed in histologic sections of air sac tissue, and polymerase chain reaction of the affected air sacs was positive for Mycobacterium fortuitum. This clinical case study describes mycobacteriosis in a sub-Antarctic penguin and to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first reported isolation of M fortuitum from a penguin.
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Ledwoń A, Miąsko M, Napiórkowska A, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Parniewski P, Majchrzak M, Czopowicz M, Adamczyk K, Bonecka J, Szeleszczuk P. Case Study and Attempt of Treatment of Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium avium in a Parental Flock of Meat-Breed Pigeons. Avian Dis 2021; 64:335-342. [PMID: 33205182 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium was observed in a parental loft of 70 meat-breed pigeons. It was decided to undertake treatment as the birds represented a substantial value to the owner. A multiagent therapy using azithromycin, marbofloxacin, and ethambutol was administered. After 4 mo of therapy, the desired results were not obtained. At the end of treatment, the birds were in poor general condition, with white blood cells above 20 g/L, and after clutching, 2-yr-old and older birds were euthanatized. Overall, postmortem lesions were found in 17 out of 49 necropsied individuals. Slide agglutination tests with a M. avium subsp. avium lysate were conducted in all examined pigeons. In 28 pigeons, blood count was conducted once a month during therapy, while in 24 pigeons, a tuberculin sensitivity test was conducted before the planned euthanatization. The tuberculin sensitivity test did not prove useful in the diagnosis of ill individuals. Slide agglutination yielded positive results in only four birds, all of which also had postmortem lesions. Blood count in a large number of cases allowed distinguishing between ill and healthy individuals, which was used for subsequent selection. The comparison of cultured strains with the (CCG)4-based PCR method showed the variation of M. avium isolates up to a maximum of 30%. The described case proves that the treatment of mycobacteriosis in pigeon flocks is not effective, mainly due to the high resistance to M. avium subsp. avium. In addition, therapy may contribute to an even greater increase in mycobacterial resistance to antibiotics, which may pose a potential risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ledwoń
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St. 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Miąsko
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St. 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Napiórkowska
- Department of Microbiology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 26 Plocka St. 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 26 Plocka St. 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Parniewski
- Institute of Medical Biology PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Majchrzak
- Institute of Medical Biology PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St. 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Adamczyk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St. 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bonecka
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szeleszczuk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St. 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Parvandar Asadollahi K, Mayahi M, Rocky A, Khajeh GH, Mosavari N. Hematologic values in domestic pigeons naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:216-220. [PMID: 34046936 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Avian mycobacteriosis is an important disease of birds and is most often caused by Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium genavense. However, little information on the hematologic changes associated with this infectious disease in pigeons has been published. The aim of this investigation was to compare the hematologic parameters of domestic pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica) naturally infected with M avium subsp. avium (MAA) with clinically healthy pigeons. Blood samples were collected from 12 pigeons with suspected mycobacteriosis and 12 clinically healthy pigeons. All the birds with suspect infections were necropsied, and affected organs were cultured and examined on histopathology for mycobacteriosis. Total leukocyte and erythrocyte counts were performed on each blood sample with the Natt and Herrick method using a Neubauer hemocytometer. White blood cell (WBC) differential counts were performed on Giemsa-stained blood smears. Packed cell volumes (PCVs) were measured using the microhematocrit technique. Hemoglobin concentrations were measured with a spectrophotometer using the cyanomethemoglubin method. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHCs), and mean cell volumes (MCVs) were calculated manually. All of the infected birds had typical histopathologic findings of avian mycobacteriosis, which were confirmed using microbiologic and molecular methods to detect MAA. The hematologic data from the two groups were compared. The total WBC, heterophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were significantly higher, and the PCV, HGB, MCH, and MCHC values were significantly lower in the infected birds compared with the clinically healthy pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Parvandar Asadollahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Mayahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Rocky
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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De La Cruz Baltazar E. Presence of Mycobacterium sp in the feces of captive wild birds in three municipalities of the State of Jalisco. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2021.080100022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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De La Cruz Baltazar E. Presencia de Mycobacterium sp en las heces de aves silvestres cautivas en tres municipios del Estado de Jalisco. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2021.080100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Avian Mycobacteriosis and Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. avium in Racing Pigeons ( Columba livia domestica) in Greece. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020291. [PMID: 33498865 PMCID: PMC7910842 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Avian mycobacteriosis a contagious, chronic and potential zoonotic List B disease of the World Organization for Animal Health, is described in two lofts of pigeons in this review. Molecular analysis identified the causative agent as Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. This is the first case report of avian mycobacteriosis in Greece, which describes the presence of granulomatous conjunctivitis and the molecular identification of M. avium subsp. avium as the causative agent in racing pigeons. The identification of the strain will enrich the epidemiological data and will contribute to the control of avian mycobacteriosis in pigeons. Abstract In this report, cases of avian mycobacteriosis in two lofts of racing pigeons are described. Three racing pigeons of 2-year old from the first loft (A) and four racing pigeons of 4–5 years old from the second loft (B) were submitted to the Unit of Avian Medicine for clinical examination and necropsy. In the case history chronic and debilitating disease was reported. The clinical signs included emaciation, depression, lameness, periorbital swelling and diarrhea, although the appetite was normal. Post mortem lesions involved an enlarged spleen with multiple different sized yellow nodules. Similar lesions were also observed in the liver, conjunctiva of the inferior eyelids and in the femoral bone marrow. The suspicion of avian mycobacteriosis was based on history, clinical signs and typical lesions. In order to confirm the diagnosis, histopathology was performed on tissue sections and revealed the presence of multiple granulomas with central necrosis. In addition, Ziehl-Neelsen positive bacilli were observed in histological sections and smears from the granulomas of the affected tissues. Molecular analysis identified the causative agent as Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. This is the first case report of avian mycobacteriosis in Greece, which describes the presence of granulomatous conjunctivitis and the molecular identification of M. avium subsp. avium as the causative agent in racing pigeons.
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Zikovitz AE, Stalis IH, Bicknese EJ, Rideout BA, Pye GW. Resolution of a Localized Granuloma Caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex on the Cere of a Bruce's Green Pigeon ( Treron waalia). J Avian Med Surg 2019; 32:322-327. [PMID: 31112646 DOI: 10.1647/2016-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old female Bruce's green pigeon (Treron waalia) was presented with granulomatous inflammation of the cere and underlying tissues with osteomyelitis and bone proliferation of the dorsal premaxilla. Biopsy and culture revealed the presence of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex, and multi-antimicrobial treatment was initiated with clarithromycin, ethambutol, rifabutin, and enrofloxacin. The cere lesion improved and no evidence of systemic granulomas was observed over 4 months of treatment, although leukocytosis and monocytosis persisted. Five months after discontinuation of antibiotic therapy, the white blood cell count had normalized, but distal beak irregularities and partial recurrence of the mass were present. The bird died 15 months after discontinuation of antibiotic therapy and necropsy revealed no evidence of active mycobacteriosis of the beak or cere. This report documents an unusual clinical presentation of mycobacteriosis, in addition to its successful resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilse H Stalis
- Wildlife Disease Laboratories, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego, CA 92112, USA
| | | | - Bruce A Rideout
- Wildlife Disease Laboratories, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego, CA 92112, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Pye
- Disney's Animal Kingdom, Department of Animal Health, Bay Lake, FL 32830, USA
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Kriz P, Slana I, Kralik P, Babak V, Skoric M, Fictum P, Docekal J, Pavlik I. Outbreak of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium Infection in One Flock of Domestic Pigeons. Avian Dis 2011; 55:503-8. [DOI: 10.1637/9638-123010-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kriz P, Sisak F, Slana I, Karpiskova R, Docekal J, Skoric M, Fictum P, Babak V, Pavlik I. Mycobacterium avium Subsp. avium and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium var. Copenhagen phage type DT2 in pigeons. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:1135-7. [PMID: 21612426 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a coinfection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium var. Copenhagen phage type DT2 in pigeons from one flock, from which squabs were occasionally consumed by humans. Triplex quantitative real-time PCR and culture methods were used for M. a. avium detection in livers and culture method was used for the detection of Salmonella sp. in samples of liver and caecum of 33 examined birds. M. a. avium was detected in a total of 31 (93.9%) and Salmonella Typhimurium in a total of 11 (33.3%) pigeons. Coinfection with both pathogens was found in 10 (30.3%), infection with Salmonella Typhimurium alone in 1 (3.0%), and infection with M. a. avium alone in 21 (63.7%) pigeons. Neither pathogen was detected in one pigeon. There was no difference in clinical symptoms exhibited by pigeons infected by M. a. avium and/or Salmonella Typhimurium. All Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were sensitive to all 15 antimicrobials tested. According to these results we emphasize good heat treatment of consumed squabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kriz
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno, Czech Republic
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Millán J, Negre N, Castellanos E, de Juan L, Mateos A, Parpal L, Aranaz A. Avian mycobacteriosis in free-living raptors in Majorca Island, Spain. Avian Pathol 2010; 39:1-6. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450903389945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Millán
- a Sanitat i Control de Fauna (Wildlife Health and Control), Conselleria de Medi Ambient , Govern de les Illes Balears/Fundació Natura Parc , 07142-Santa Eugènia , Balearic Islands , Spain
| | - Nieves Negre
- b Fundació Natura Parc , 07142-Santa Eugènia , Balearic Islands , Spain
| | - Elena Castellanos
- c Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040-Madrid , Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- c Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040-Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Mateos
- c Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040-Madrid , Spain
| | - Lluis Parpal
- d Consorci de Recuperació de la Fauna de les Illes Balears (COFIB) , Govern de les Illes Balears-Fundació Natura Parc , 07142-Santa Eugènia , Balearic Islands , Spain
| | - Alicia Aranaz
- c Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040-Madrid , Spain
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Harlin R, Wade L. Bacterial and parasitic diseases of Columbiformes. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2009; 12:453-73, Table of Contents. [PMID: 19732704 PMCID: PMC7110632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Harlin
- Southside Dog, Cat and Bird Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK 73149, USA.
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Gronesova P, Ficova M, Mizakova A, Kabat P, Trnka A, Betakova T. Prevalence of avian influenza viruses,Borrelia garinii,Mycobacterium avium, andMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin waterfowl and terrestrial birds in Slovakia, 2006. Avian Pathol 2008; 37:537-43. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450802356953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gronesova
- a Institute of Virology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dubravska cesta, 9 845 05, Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Ficova
- a Institute of Virology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dubravska cesta, 9 845 05, Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Adriana Mizakova
- b Military Hospital, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology , Veterinary Provision and Laboratory Diagnostic , Liptovsky , Mikulas , Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kabat
- a Institute of Virology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dubravska cesta, 9 845 05, Bratislava , Slovak Republic
- c Department of Microbiology and Virology , Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | | | - Tatiana Betakova
- a Institute of Virology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dubravska cesta, 9 845 05, Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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Saggese MD, Tizard I, Phalen DN. Mycobacteriosis in naturally infected ring-neck doves (Streptopelia risoria): investigation of the association between feather colour and susceptibility to infection, disease and lesions type. Avian Pathol 2008; 37:443-50. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450802210655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schrenzel M, Nicolas M, Witte C, Papendick R, Tucker T, Keener L, Sutherland-Smith M, Lamberski N, Orndorff D, Heckard D, Witman P, Mace M, Rimlinger D, Reed S, Rideout B. Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare in captive birds. Vet Microbiol 2008; 126:122-31. [PMID: 17689893 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare are primary causes of mycobacteriosis in captive birds throughout the world, but little is known about how they are transmitted. To define the local epidemiology of infection, we strain-typed 70 M. avium subsp. avium and 15 M. intracellulare culture isolates obtained over a 4-year period from captive birds. Typing was performed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR, amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) fragment analyses, and for a subset of isolates, DNA sequencing of a segment of the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region. Six strain clusters comprising 43 M. avium subsp. avium, isolates were identified; 42 isolates had unique typing patterns, including all M. intracellulare isolates. Phylo-geographical analyses using RAPD and AFLP fingerprints and animal confinement histories showed no correlation between housing of infected birds and mycobacterial strain-type, except for two animals. The diversity of M. avium subsp. avium and M. intracellulare isolates and minimal evidence for bird-to-bird transmission suggest that environmental reservoirs may be important sources of infection in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Schrenzel
- Zoological Society of San Diego, Wildlife Disease Laboratories, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA.
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Abstract
Hepatic granuloma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a granulomatous reaction with accumulation of macrophages and/or epithelioid cells, which may fuse to form multinucleated giant cells. The hepatic granulomas typically have a surrounding rim of lymphocytes and fibrous tissues. The etiology of some hepatic granulomas in birds is well known. It could be due to viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, or helminthic infection. The presence of these pathogens in the liver is usually through systemic infections that might preferentially colonize the liver or be opportunistic invaders. Persistence of these pathogens infecting the liver can lead to granulomatous inflammation with different gross lesions and histopathologic patterns depending on the causative agent. This review describes the etiology, clinical signs, pathological changes, and diagnosis in a wide variety of diseases associated with hepatic granulomas in birds in which the detection of granulomatous inflammation is an aid in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K E Supartika
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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