1
|
Armstrong AO, Armstrong AJ, Bennett MB, Richardson AJ, Townsend KA, Everett JD, Hays GC, Pederson H, Dudgeon CL. Mutualism promotes site selection in a large marine planktivore. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:5606-5623. [PMID: 34026033 PMCID: PMC8131819 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutualism is a form of symbiosis whereby both parties benefit from the relationship. An example is cleaning symbiosis, which has been observed in terrestrial and marine environments. The most recognized form of marine cleaning symbiosis is that of cleaner fishes and their clients.Cleaner species set up cleaning stations on the reef, and other species seek out their services. However, it is not well understood how the presence of cleaning stations influence movements of large highly mobile species. We examined the role of cleaning stations as a driver of movement and habitat use in a mobile client species.Here, we used a combination of passive acoustic telemetry and in-water surveys to investigate cleaning station attendance by the reef manta ray Mobula alfredi. We employed a novel approach in the form of a fine-scale acoustic receiver array set up around a known cleaning area and tagged 42 rays. Within the array, we mapped structural features, surveyed the distribution of cleaner wrasse, and observed the habitat use of the rays.We found manta ray space use was significantly associated with blue-streak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus distribution and hard coral substrate. Cleaning interactions dominated their habitat use at this site, taking precedence over other life history traits such as feeding and courtship.This study has demonstrated that cleaning symbiosis is a driver for highly mobile, and otherwise pelagic, species to visit inshore reef environments. We suggest that targeted and long-term use of specific cleaning stations reflects manta rays having a long-term memory and cognitive map of some shallow reef environments where quality cleaning is provided. We hypothesize that animals prefer cleaning sites in proximity to productive foraging regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asia O. Armstrong
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Amelia J. Armstrong
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Michael B. Bennett
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics (CARM)School of Mathematics and PhysicsThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereQueensland Biosciences Precinct (QBP)St LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Kathy A. Townsend
- School of Science, Technology and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastHervey BayQLDAustralia
| | - Jason D. Everett
- Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics (CARM)School of Mathematics and PhysicsThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereQueensland Biosciences Precinct (QBP)St LuciaQLDAustralia
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Graeme C. Hays
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Perryman RJ, Carpenter M, Lie E, Sofronov G, Marshall AD, Brown C. Reef manta ray cephalic lobe movements are modulated during social interactions. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-02973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
3
|
Araujo G, Miranda JA, Allen HL, Labaja J, Snow S, Ponzo A, Legaspi CG. Whale sharks Rhincodon typus get cleaned by the blue-streak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus and the moon wrasse Thalassoma lunare in the Philippines. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:1247-1251. [PMID: 32671837 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cleaning interactions are essential for healthy marine ecosystem communities. This study reports the first documentation of the whale shark Rhincodon typus cleaning behaviour in the Indo-West Pacific by two wrasse species, the blue-streak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus and the moon wrasse Thalassoma lunare in Cebu, Philippines. This study documented 36 cleaning interactions with 14 individual whale sharks. The cleaning interactions appear opportunistic rather than targeted by the sharks, unlike that observed in other species of elasmobranchs. Further work should focus on understanding the drivers of these unique cleaning interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Araujo
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Philippines
| | - Joni A Miranda
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Philippines
| | - Harriet L Allen
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Philippines
| | - Jessica Labaja
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Philippines
| | - Sally Snow
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Philippines
| | - Alessandro Ponzo
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Philippines
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. Fuller
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Glenn R. Parsons
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brandl SJ, Goatley CHR, Bellwood DR, Tornabene L. The hidden half: ecology and evolution of cryptobenthic fishes on coral reefs. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1846-1873. [PMID: 29736999 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Teleost fishes are the most diverse group of vertebrates on Earth. On tropical coral reefs, their species richness exceeds 6000 species; one tenth of total vertebrate biodiversity. A large proportion of this diversity is composed of cryptobenthic reef fishes (CRFs): bottom-dwelling, morphologically or behaviourally cryptic species typically less than 50 mm in length. Yet, despite their diversity and abundance, these fishes are both poorly defined and understood. Herein we provide a new quantitative definition and synthesise current knowledge on the diversity, distribution and life history of CRFs. First, we use size distributions within families to define 17 core CRF families as characterised by the high prevalence (>10%) of small-bodied species (<50 mm). This stands in strong contrast to 42 families of large reef fishes, in which virtually no small-bodied species have evolved. We posit that small body size has allowed CRFs to diversify at extremely high rates, primarily by allowing for fine partitioning of microhabitats and facilitation of allopatric reproductive isolation; yet, we are far from understanding and documenting the biodiversity of CRFs. Using rates of description since 1758, we predict that approximately 30 new species of cryptobenthic species will be described per year until 2050 (approximately twice the annual rate compared to large fishes). Furthermore, we predict that by the year 2031, more than half of the described coral reef fish biodiversity will consist of CRFs. These fishes are the 'hidden half' of vertebrate biodiversity on coral reefs. Notably, global geographic coverage and spatial resolution of quantitative data on CRF communities is uniformly poor, which further emphasises the remarkable reservoir of biodiversity that is yet to be discovered. Although small body size may have enabled extensive diversification within CRF families, small size also comes with a suite of ecological challenges that affect fishes' capacities to feed, survive and reproduce; we identify a range of life-history adaptations that have enabled CRFs to overcome these limitations. In turn, these adaptations bestow a unique socio-ecological role on CRFs, which includes a key role in coral reef trophodynamics by cycling trophic energy provided by microscopic prey to larger consumers. Although small in body size, the ecology and evolutionary history of CRFs may make them a critical component of coral-reef food webs; yet our review also shows that these fishes are highly susceptible to a variety of anthropogenic disturbances. Understanding the consequences of these changes for CRFs and coral reef ecosystems will require us to shed more light on this frequently overlooked but highly diverse and abundant guild of coral reef fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Brandl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada.,Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, MD, 21037, U.S.A
| | - Christopher H R Goatley
- Function, Evolution and Anatomy Research (FEAR) Lab and Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
| | - David R Bellwood
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Luke Tornabene
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ritter EK, Amin RW. Mouth Cleaning of Lemon Sharks,Negaprion brevirostris, by Sharksuckers,Echeneis naucrates. COPEIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-16-431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Oliver SP, Hussey NE, Turner JR, Beckett AJ. Oceanic sharks clean at coastal seamount. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14755. [PMID: 21423796 PMCID: PMC3056710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between pelagic thresher sharks (Alopias pelagicus) and cleaner wrasse were investigated at a seamount in the Philippines. Cleaning associations between sharks and teleosts are poorly understood, but the observable interactions seen at this site may explain why these mainly oceanic sharks regularly venture into shallow coastal waters where they are vulnerable to disturbance from human activity. From 1,230 hours of observations recorded by remote video camera between July 2005 and December 2009, 97 cleaner-thresher shark events were analyzed, 19 of which were interrupted. Observations of pelagic thresher sharks interacting with cleaners at the seamount were recorded at all times of day but their frequency declined gradually from morning until evening. Cleaners showed preferences for foraging on specific areas of a thresher shark's body. For all events combined, cleaners were observed to conduct 2,757 inspections, of which 33.9% took place on the shark's pelvis, 23.3% on the pectoral fins, 22.3% on the caudal fin, 8.6% on the body, 8.3% on the head, 2.1% on the dorsal fin, and 1.5% on the gills respectively. Cleaners did not preferentially inspect thresher sharks by time of day or by shark sex, but there was a direct correlation between the amount of time a thresher shark spent at a cleaning station and the number of inspections it received. Thresher shark clients modified their behavior by “circular-stance-swimming,” presumably to facilitate cleaner inspections. The cleaner-thresher shark association reflected some of the known behavioral trends in the cleaner-reef teleost system since cleaners appeared to forage selectively on shark clients. Evidence is mounting that in addition to acting as social refuges and foraging grounds for large visiting marine predators, seamounts may also support pelagic ecology by functioning as cleaning stations for oceanic sharks and rays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Oliver
- School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Campos CEC, Sá-Oliveira JC. Atividade de limpeza e clientes de Elacatinus figaro (Pisces: Gobiidae) nos recifes de coral dos Parrachos de Muriú, Nordeste do Brasil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032011000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peixes limpadores removem ectoparasitas, tecido doente ou ferido, muco e escamas da superfície corporal de outros peixes, sendo portanto de fundamental importância para a manutenção do equilíbrio e da saúde dos peixes do ecossistema recifal. Na costa brasileira são registradas 24 espécies de peixes limpadores, das quais se destaca Elacatinus figaro, uma das espécies de limpadores mais especializada. Este estudo registrou a diversidade de clientes e o período de atividade de limpeza de Elacatinus figaro nos recifes de coral dos Parrachos de Muriú, Rio Grande do Norte. Foram registradas 21 espécies de clientes pertencentes a 11 famílias, das quais 15 espécies (68,4% do total de espécies) são ativas durante o dia, cinco (25,3%) têm atividade noturna e uma (5,3%) atividade diurna e noturna. Os clientes mais frequentes de E. figaro foram espécies de Haemulidae (25,6%) e Pomacentridae (22,8%) e a categoria trófica planctófago/invertívoro foi a mais representativa (23,6%). A atividade de limpeza teve início entre 05h14 e 06h28 e término entre 17h13 e 17h25. Os tamanhos dos clientes de E. figaro variaram de 7-40 cm com média de 12-30 cm de comprimento total. Um total de 127 ± 3 interações de limpeza e 34 ± 1,7 minutos utilizados na limpeza por estação por dia (2-6 indivíduos de E. figaro) foi registrado
Collapse
|
10
|
Grossman A, Sazima C, Bellini C, Sazima I. Cleaning Symbiosis Between Hawksbill Turtles and Reef Fishes at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, off Northeast Brazil. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.2744/1071-8443(2006)5[284:csbhta]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
11
|
Sazima C, Krajewski JP, Bonaldo RM, Sazima I. The glassy sweepers' way: seeking a versatile wrasse to be cleaned. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252005000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal reef fishes compose the bulk of clients that seek cleaner fishes' services, but some nocturnal species that shelter at daytime also seek the cleaners. While doing so the nocturnal clients must leave their hiding places and thus they get exposed to potential diurnal predators. We report here on the cleaning interactions between a daytime cleaner wrasse (Thalassoma noronhanum) and a night time active client (Pempheris schomburgki) that usually remains sheltered at daytime. We recorded P. schomburgki leaving their shelter at daytime and heading towards T. noronhanum, whenever the cleaner swam by the shelter. Since T. noronhanum is able to tend temporary cleaning station near the safety of the shelters of its clients, P. schomburgki lessens a possible risk of predation by seeking this versatile cleaner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sazima
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sazima I, Grossman A, Sazima C. Hawksbill turtles visit moustached barbers: cleaning symbiosis between eretmochelys imbricata and the shrimp stenopus hispidus. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032004000100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This seems to be the first record of cleaning symbiosis between marine turtles and shrimps. During their foraging on the reef flat, the turtles regularly visited and posed at the stations. The same stations were visited by a few species of reef fishes, which posed and were cleaned by the shrimps. We suggest that cleaning symbiosis between turtles and shrimps is widespread and went unrecognised due to the superficial resemblance between a resting turtle and a posing and cleaned one. Additionally, we submit a putative origin for the cleaning symbiosis between marine turtles and cleaner shrimps following a few simple behavioural steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Sazima
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carvalho LN, Arruda R, Zuanon J. Record of cleaning behavior by Platydoras costatus (Siluriformes: Doradidae) in the Amazon Basin, Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252003000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Records of cleaning symbiosis between freshwater fish are scarce. Here we report on juvenile catfish, Platydoras costatus, cleaning the piscivorous characin Hoplias cf. malabaricus in a stream of the rio Araguaia drainage in the Brazilian Amazon. The scarcity of records on cleaning behavior in freshwater systems seems to be in part a consequence of the few observational studies under natural conditions in the Neotropics. Otherwise, the rareness of this behavior in freshwaters is possibly related to the short evolutionary time available to the fish fauna to develop these complex interactions, when compared to the ocean environment.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Rosa RS, Gadig OBF, Gomes UL. Dasyatis marianae: The Correct Name for a Recently Described Stingray (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic. COPEIA 2000. [DOI: 10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0889:dmtcnf]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|