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Svinin AO, Chikhlyaev IV, Bashinskiy IW, Osipov VV, Neymark LA, Ivanov AY, Stoyko TG, Chernigova PI, Ibrogimova PK, Litvinchuk SN, Ermakov OA. Diversity of trematodes from the amphibian anomaly P hotspot: Role of planorbid snails. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281740. [PMID: 36989233 PMCID: PMC10057761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Trematode infection of the second intermediate hosts can lead to changes in their fitness and, as a result, a change in the invasion rate of animal communities. It is especially pronounced during the invasion of parasite species that reduce activity due to the manipulation of hosts through the changes of their morphology and physiology. One of these cases is an anomaly P syndrome hotspot found in some populations of water frogs and toads in Europe caused by the trematode Strigea robusta metacercariae. The occurrence of pathogen and their participation in ecosystems are intrigues questions in the anomaly P phenomenon, as well as the role of planorbid snails that serve as the first intermediate hosts for many trematode species. Herein, we focused on trematodes spectra from planorbid snails and amphibians from the anomaly P hosts with the aim to undetected interactions between the pathways of parasites. Emerging cercariae of 6802 planorbid snails of dominant species (Planorbarius corneus, Planorbis planorbis, and Anisus spp.) were detected by both morphological and molecular methods in seven waterbodies in Privolzhskaya Lesostep Nature Reserve (Russia). A total of 95 sequences of 18 species were received, and 48 sequences were unique and did not present in any genetic databases. The 18 species of trematodes from snails and 14 species of trematodes from amphibian hosts (Pelophylax ridibundus; Ranidae; Anura) were detected. Three species (Echinostoma nasincovae, Tylodelphys circibuteonis and Australapatemon burti) was new for the trematode fauna of the Middle Volga River region and Russia as a whole. Eleven species of parasitic flatworms have amphibians in their life cycles and nine species used amphibians as metacercariae hosts: Echinostoma nasincovae, E. miyagawai, Echinoparyphium recurvatum, Tylodelphys circibuteonis, Neodiplostomum spathula, Paralepoderma cloacicola, Macrodera longicollis, Strigea robusta, and Strigea strigis. The occurrence of trematode species from planorbid mollusks and frogs were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton O Svinin
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Igor V Chikhlyaev
- Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Togliatti, Russia
| | - Ivan W Bashinskiy
- Laboratory of Ecology of Aquatic Communities and Invasions, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly V Osipov
- Privolzhskaya Lesosteppe State Nature Reserve, Penza, Russia
| | - Leonid A Neymark
- Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Togliatti, Russia
| | | | - Tamara G Stoyko
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Penza State University, Penza, Russia
| | - Polina I Chernigova
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Polina K Ibrogimova
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | - Oleg A Ermakov
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Penza State University, Penza, Russia
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Mesquita SG, Rodrigues-Luiz GF, Reis-Cunha JL, Cardoso MS, De Mendonça CLF, Bueno LL, Fujiwara RT, Pinto HA, Caldeira RL, Bartholomeu DC. A multiplex PCR protocol for rapid differential identification of four families of trematodes with medical and veterinary importance transmitted by Biomphalaria Preston, 1910 snails. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105655. [PMID: 32783955 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Trematodes have complex life cycles with multiple hosts. Biomphalaria snails commonly act as the first intermediate hosts of several species that can affect human and animal health. The specific identification of larval trematodes found in snails is difficult and limited, since the taxonomy of these flukes is based on morphological traits of the adults found in vertebrates. Despite recent advances worldwide, studies aiming at the use of molecular tools for the identification of cercariae found in snails are scarce in the South America. In fact, most studies are focused on Schistosoma mansoni, with few efforts directed towards the identification of larvae of other parasites found in planorbids. When reported, these other parasites are identified as cercarial types, an artificial morphological system of classification. Therefore, alternative strategies for a correct, rapid and inexpensive identification of larval trematodes found in Biomphalaria are needed. This work aimed at developing a methodology capable of distinguishing four important families of trematodes (Clinostomidae, Echinostomatidae, Schistosomatidae and Strigeidae) commonly found infecting species of Biomphalaria. Using the rDNA sequences of 34 species as input for the online tool TipMT, we designed trematode family-specific primers targeting the ITS region optimized to be used in multiplex PCR. The panel of primers identified in this study was effective at the same PCR condition. The specificity of the primers was confirmed, and the PCR sensitivity ranged from 0.1 ng to 1 ag of the DNA of the parasite. This methodology was also effective for the detection of coinfection. Through a simple, fast, accurate, and inexpensive methodology, it is possible to properly identify the trematode families included in this study in a single PCR reaction. A family level identification provides important information about probable hosts, pattern of life cycle and possible impacts that the infection generates in a specific region, thus allowing the design of better control strategies, especially for those infections that have medical and veterinary importance.
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Svinin AO, Bashinskiy IV, Litvinchuk SN, Ermakov OA, Ivanov AY, Neymark LA, Vedernikov AA, Osipov VV, Drobot GP, Dubois A. Strigea robusta causes polydactyly and severe forms of Rostand's anomaly P in water frogs. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:381. [PMID: 32727553 PMCID: PMC7391616 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cases of polydactyly in natural populations of amphibians have attracted great interest from biologists. At the end of the 1940s, the French biologist Jean Rostand discovered a polymorphic syndrome in some water frog (Anura: Pelophylax) populations that included polydactyly and some severe morphological anomalies (he called it 'anomaly P'). The cause of this anomaly remains unknown for 70 years. In a previous study, we obtained anomaly P in the laboratory in tadpoles of water frogs that developed together with molluscs Planorbarius corneus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) collected in the field. We thus proposed the 'trematode hypothesis', according to which the infectious agent responsible for anomaly P is a trematode species. METHODS Metacercariae from tadpoles with anomaly P were identified using ITS2 gene sequencing as Strigea robusta (Trematoda: Strigeidae). To verify teratogenic features of the species, cercariae of S. robusta were tested for the possibility to cause anomalies. Identification of cercariae species was made using morphological and molecular methods (sequencing of ITS2 and 28S rRNA). The tadpoles were exposed to parasites at four doses of cercariae (control, low, medium and high) and divided into two groups: "early" (at 25-27 Gosner stages) and "late" (at 29-34 Gosner stages) exposure. RESULTS A total of 58 (72.5%) tadpoles survived until metamorphosis under the dose-dependent experiment with the trematode S. robusta. Differences in the survival rates were observed between the exposed and unexposed tadpoles both in the group of "early" tadpoles and "late" tadpoles. The exposure of tadpoles to the cercariae of S. robusta induced anomaly P in 82% of surviving tadpoles. The severe forms developed only in "early" stages under all doses of cercariae exposure. Polydactyly predominantly developed in the "late" stages; under a light exposure dose, polydactyly also developed in "early" tadpoles. Laboratory-hatched tadpoles reared together with infected snails had different rates of survival and complexity of deformations associated with the period of coexistence. CONCLUSIONS The experiments with direct cercariae exposure provide compelling evidence that S. robusta leads to anomaly P in tadpoles of water frogs. The manifestation of anomaly P turned out to be dependent on the stage of development, cercariae dose, and the location of the cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan V. Bashinskiy
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Spartak N. Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Dagestan State University, 3367000 Makhachkala, Russia
| | | | | | - Leonid A. Neymark
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vitalij V. Osipov
- Privolzhskaya Lesosteppe State Nature Reserve, 440031 Penza, Russia
- Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 410002 Saratov, Russia
| | | | - Alain Dubois
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, 75005 Paris, France
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Moema EB, King PH, Rakgole JN. Phylogenetic studies of larval digenean trematodes from freshwater snails and fish species in the proximity of Tshwane metropolitan, South Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 86:e1-e7. [PMID: 31588760 PMCID: PMC6779965 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The classification and description of digenean trematodes are commonly accomplished by using morphological features, especially in adult stages. The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of the genetic composition of larval digenean trematodes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from clinostomatid metacercaria, 27-spined echinostomatid redia, avian schistosome cercaria and strigeid metacercaria from various dams in the proximity of Tshwane metropolitan, South Africa. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using the extracted DNA with primers targeting various regions within the larval digenean trematodes' genomes. Agarose gel electrophoresis technique was used to visualise the PCR products. The PCR products were sequenced on an Applied Bioinformatics (ABI) genetic analyser platform. Genetic information obtained from this study had a higher degree of discrimination than the morphological characteristics of seemingly similar organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmey B Moema
- Department of Biology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria.
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Laidemitt MR, Brant SV, Mutuku MW, Mkoji GM, Loker ES. The diverse echinostomes from East Africa: With a focus on species that use Biomphalaria and Bulinus as intermediate hosts. Acta Trop 2019; 193:38-49. [PMID: 30710531 PMCID: PMC6461134 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Echinostomes are a diverse group of digenetic trematodes that are globally distributed. The diversity of echinostomes in Africa remains largely unknown, particularly in analyses using molecular markers. Therefore, we were interested in the composition and host usage patterns of African echinostomes, especially those that also use schistosome transmitting snails as intermediate hosts. We collected adults and larval stages of echinostomes from 19 different localities in East Africa (1 locality in Uganda and 18 in Kenya). In this study we provide locality information, host use, museum vouchers, and genetic data for two loci (28S and nad1) from 98 samples of echinostomes from East Africa. Combining morphological features, host use information, and phylogenetic analyses we found 17 clades of echinostomes in East Africa. Four clades were found to use more than one genus of freshwater snails as their first intermediate hosts. We also determined at least partial life cycles (2 of the 3) of four clades using molecular markers. Of the 17 clades, 13 use Biomphalaria or Bulinus as a first intermediate host. The overlap in host usage creates opportunities for competition, including against human schistosomes. Thus, our study can be used as a foundation for future studies to ascertain the interactions between schistosomes and echinostomes in their respective intermediate hosts.
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Buddenborg SK, Bu L, Zhang SM, Schilkey FD, Mkoji GM, Loker ES. Transcriptomic responses of Biomphalaria pfeifferi to Schistosoma mansoni: Investigation of a neglected African snail that supports more S. mansoni transmission than any other snail species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005984. [PMID: 29045404 PMCID: PMC5685644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomphalaria pfeifferi is highly compatible with the widespread human-infecting blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni and transmits more cases of this parasite to people than any other snail species. For these reasons, B. pfeifferi is the world's most important vector snail for S. mansoni, yet we know relatively little at the molecular level regarding the interactions between B. pfeifferi and S. mansoni from early-stage sporocyst transformation to the development of cercariae. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We sought to capture a portrait of the response of B. pfeifferi to S. mansoni as it occurs in nature by undertaking Illumina dual RNA-Seq on uninfected control B. pfeifferi and three intramolluscan developmental stages (1- and 3-days post infection and patent, cercariae-producing infections) using field-derived west Kenyan specimens. A high-quality, well-annotated de novo B. pfeifferi transcriptome was assembled from over a half billion non-S. mansoni paired-end reads. Reads associated with potential symbionts were noted. Some infected snails yielded fewer normalized S. mansoni reads and showed different patterns of transcriptional response than others, an indication that the ability of field-derived snails to support and respond to infection is variable. Alterations in transcripts associated with reproduction were noted, including for the oviposition-related hormone ovipostatin and enzymes involved in metabolism of bioactive amines like dopamine or serotonin. Shedding snails exhibited responses consistent with the need for tissue repair. Both generalized stress and immune factors immune factors (VIgLs, PGRPs, BGBPs, complement C1q-like, chitinases) exhibited complex transcriptional responses in this compatible host-parasite system. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides for the first time a large sequence data set to help in interpreting the important vector role of the neglected snail B. pfeifferi in transmission of S. mansoni, including with an emphasis on more natural, field-derived specimens. We have identified B. pfeifferi targets particularly responsive during infection that enable further dissection of the functional role of these candidate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Buddenborg
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Lijing Bu
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Faye D. Schilkey
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Gerald M. Mkoji
- Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KEN
| | - Eric S. Loker
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Echinostomatoidea Looss, 1899 (Platyhelminthes: Digenea). Int J Parasitol 2015; 46:171-185. [PMID: 26699402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Echinostomatoidea is a large, cosmopolitan group of digeneans currently including nine families and 105 genera, the vast majority parasitic, as adults, in birds with relatively few taxa parasitising mammals, reptiles and, exceptionally, fish. Despite the complex structure, diverse content and substantial species richness of the group, almost no attempt has been made to elucidate its phylogenetic relationships at the suprageneric level based on molecules due to the lack of data. Herein, we evaluate the consistency of the present morphology-based classification system of the Echinostomatoidea with the phylogenetic relationships of its members based on partial sequences of the nuclear lsrRNA gene for a broad diversity of taxa (80 species, representing eight families and 40 genera), including representatives of five subfamilies of the Echinostomatidae, which currently exhibits the most complex taxonomic structure within the superfamily. This first comprehensive phylogeny for the Echinostomatoidea challenged the current systematic framework based on comparative morphology. A morphology-based evaluation of this new molecular framework resulted in a number of systematic and nomenclatural changes consistent with the phylogenetic estimates of the generic and suprageneric boundaries and a new phylogeny-based classification of the Echinostomatoidea. In the current systematic treatment: (i) the rank of two family level lineages, the former Himasthlinae and Echinochasminae, is elevated to full family status; (ii) Caballerotrema is distinguished at the family level; (iii) the content and diagnosis of the Echinostomatidae (sensu stricto) (s. str.) are revised to reflect its phylogeny, resulting in the abolition of the Nephrostominae and Chaunocephalinae as synonyms of the Echinostomatidae (s. str.); (iv) Artyfechinostomum, Cathaemasia, Rhopalias and Ribeiroia are re-allocated within the Echinostomatidae (s. str.), resulting in the abolition of the Cathaemasiidae, Rhopaliidae and Ribeiroiinae, which become synonyms of the Echinostomatidae (s. str.); and (v) refinements of the generic boundaries within the Echinostomatidae (s. str.), Psilostomidae and Fasciolidae are made.
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Hannon ER, Kinsella JM, Calhoun DM, Joseph MB, Johnson PTJ. Endohelminths in Bird Hosts from Northern California and an Analysis of the Role of Life History Traits on Parasite Richness. J Parasitol 2015; 102:199-207. [PMID: 26579621 DOI: 10.1645/15-867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The life history characteristics of hosts often influence patterns of parasite infection either by affecting the likelihood of parasite exposure or the probability of infection after exposure. In birds, migratory behavior has been suggested to affect both the composition and abundance of parasites within a host, although whether migratory birds have more or fewer parasites is unclear. To help address these knowledge gaps, we collaborated with airports, animal rescue/rehabilitation centers, and hunter check stations in the San Francisco Bay Area of California to collect 57 raptors, egrets, herons, ducks, and other waterfowl for parasitological analysis. After dissections of the gastrointestinal tract of each host, we identified 64 taxa of parasites: 5 acanthocephalans, 24 nematodes, 8 cestodes, and 27 trematodes. We then used a generalized linear mixed model to determine how life history traits influenced parasite richness among bird hosts, while controlling for host phylogeny. Parasite richness was greater in birds that were migratory with larger clutch sizes and lower in birds that were herbivorous. The effects of clutch size and diet are consistent with previous studies and have been linked to immune function and parasite exposure, respectively, whereas the effect of migration supports the hypothesis of "migratory exposure" rather than that of "migratory escape."
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Hannon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - John M Kinsella
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Dana M Calhoun
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Maxwell B Joseph
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Pieter T J Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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Quantifying larval trematode infections in hosts: A comparison of method validity and implications for infection success. Exp Parasitol 2015; 154:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Davies D, Davies C, Lauthier JJ, Hamann M, Ostrowski de Núñez M. Morphological and ITS2 Molecular Characterization of Ribeiroia Cercariae (Digenea: Psilostomidae) from Biomphalaria spp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Northern Argentina. J Parasitol 2015; 101:549-55. [PMID: 26075730 DOI: 10.1645/13-350.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Ribeiroia use planorbid snails as intermediate host. Since there is little information about these digenean parasites in South America, we aimed to assess whether Ribeiroia cercariae from 3 north Argentina locations belonged to the same species and differed from Ribeiroia cercariae described elsewhere. Specimens were obtained from Biomphalaria tenagophila and Biomphalaria orbignyi (Salta Province), and Biomphalaria occidentalis (Corrientes Province). Morphological traits of cercariae were analyzed, as well as their sequence of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). The ITS2 region consisted of 426 nucleotides identical in all samples, suggesting that all specimens belong to the same species in spite of their morphological differences and first intermediate host species. Comparison of the ITS2 region with GenBank database records showed that specimens from Argentina were different from Ribeiroia ondatrae (0.9% divergence), Ribeiroia marini (0.7% divergence), and Cercaria lileta (0.2% divergence). In summary, morphological, ecological, and ITS2 molecular data suggest that specimens from Argentina belong to a different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Davies
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carolina Davies
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Juan José Lauthier
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Monika Hamann
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
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Stanevičiūtė G, Stunžėnas V, Petkevičiūtė R. Phylogenetic relationships of some species of the family Echinostomatidae Odner, 1910 (Trematoda), inferred from nuclear rDNA sequences and karyological analysis. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2015; 9:257-70. [PMID: 26140167 PMCID: PMC4488972 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v9i2.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The family Echinostomatidae Looss, 1899 exhibits a substantial taxonomic diversity, morphological criteria adopted by different authors have resulted in its subdivision into an impressive number of subfamilies. The status of the subfamily Echinochasminae Odhner, 1910 was changed in various classifications. Genetic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of four Echinostomatidae species - Echinochasmus sp., Echinochasmuscoaxatus Dietz, 1909, Stephanoprorapseudoechinata (Olsson, 1876) and Echinoparyphiummordwilkoi Skrjabin, 1915 were obtained to understand well enough the homogeneity of the Echinochasminae and phylogenetic relationships within the Echinostomatidae. Chromosome set and nuclear rDNA (ITS2 and 28S) sequences of parthenites of Echinochasmus sp. were studied. The karyotype of this species (2n=20, one pair of large bi-armed chromosomes and others are smaller-sized, mainly one-armed, chromosomes) differed from that previously described for two other representatives of the Echinochasminae, Echinochasmusbeleocephalus (von Linstow, 1893), 2n=14, and Episthmiumbursicola (Creplin, 1937), 2n=18. In phylogenetic trees based on ITS2 and 28S datasets, a well-supported subclade with Echinochasmus sp. and Stephanoprorapseudoechinata clustered with one well-supported clade together with Echinochasmusjaponicus Tanabe, 1926 (data only for 28S) and Echinochasmuscoaxatus. These results supported close phylogenetic relationships between Echinochasmus Dietz, 1909 and Stephanoprora Odhner, 1902. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clear separation of related species of Echinostomatoidea restricted to prosobranch snails as first intermediate hosts, from other species of Echinostomatidae and Psilostomidae, developing in Lymnaeoidea snails as first intermediate hosts. According to the data based on rDNA phylogeny, it was supposed that evolution of parasitic flukes linked with first intermediate hosts. Digeneans parasitizing prosobranch snails showed higher dynamic of karyotype evolution provided by different chromosomal rearrangements including Robertsonian translocations and pericentric inversions than more stable karyotype of digenean worms parasitizing lymnaeoid pulmonate snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gražina Stanevičiūtė
- Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT–08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Virmantas Stunžėnas
- Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT–08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Romualda Petkevičiūtė
- Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT–08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Fredensborg BL. Predictors of Host Specificity among Behavior-Manipulating Parasites. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:149-58. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pinto HA, de Melo AL. Taxonomic comments on South American species of Philophthalmus Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Philophthalmidae). Parasitol Int 2013; 62:483-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pinto HA, Jadin RC, Orlofske SA, Johnson PTJ, Melo AL. Biomphalaria straminea(Mollusca: Planorbidae) as an Intermediate Host ofRibeiroiasp. (Trematoda: Psilostomidae) in Brazil. J Parasitol 2013; 99:914-8. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-3214.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sears BF, Rohr JR. Loss of Trematode Parthenitae inPlanorbella trivolvis(Mollusca: Gastropoda). J Parasitol 2013; 99:738-9. [DOI: 10.1645/12-111.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Do parasitic trematode cercariae demonstrate a preference for susceptible host species? PLoS One 2012; 7:e51012. [PMID: 23272084 PMCID: PMC3525650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many parasites are motile and exhibit behavioural preferences for certain host species. Because hosts can vary in their susceptibility to infections, parasites might benefit from preferentially detecting and infecting the most susceptible host, but this mechanistic hypothesis for host-choice has rarely been tested. We evaluated whether cercariae (larval trematode parasites) prefer the most susceptible host species by simultaneously presenting cercariae with four species of tadpole hosts. Cercariae consistently preferred hosts in the following order: Anaxyrus ( = Bufo) terrestris (southern toad), Hyla squirella (squirrel tree frog), Lithobates ( = Rana) sphenocephala (southern leopard frog), and Osteopilus septentrionalis (Cuban tree frog). These host species varied in susceptibility to cercariae in an order similar to their attractiveness with a correlation that approached significance. Host attractiveness to parasites also varied consistently and significantly among individuals within a host species. If heritable, this individual-level host variation would represent the raw material upon which selection could act, which could promote a Red Queen “arms race” between host cues and parasite detection of those cues. If, in general, motile parasites prefer to infect the most susceptible host species, this phenomenon could explain aggregated distributions of parasites among hosts and contribute to parasite transmission rates and the evolution of virulence. Parasite preferences for hosts belie the common assumption of disease models that parasites seek and infect hosts at random.
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Redmond MD, Hartson RB, Hoverman JT, De Jesús-Villanueva CN, Johnson PTJ. Experimental Exposure of Helisoma trivolvis and Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda) to Ribeiroia ondatrae (Trematoda). J Parasitol 2011; 97:1055-61. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-2832.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Genetic characterization of the Psilotrema (Digenea: Psilostomatidae) genus by partial 28S ribosomal DNA sequences. Parasitol Int 2011; 60:541-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Huffman JE, Klockars J, Keeler SP, Fried B. Histopathological effects of the intramolluscan stages of Zygocotyle lunata, Echinostoma trivolvis, and Ribeiroia ondatrae on Helisoma trivolvis and observations on keratin in the trematode larvae. Parasitol Res 2009; 105:1385-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schotthoefer AM, Bolek MG, Cole RA, Beasley VR. Parasites of the Mink Frog (Rana septentrionalis) from Minnesota, U.S.A. COMP PARASITOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1654/4353.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Reinitz DM, Yoshino TP, Cole RA. A Ribeiroia spp. (class: Trematoda)--specific PCR-based diagnostic. J Parasitol 2008; 93:1234-8. [PMID: 18163367 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3584rn.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased reporting of amphibian malformations in North America has been noted with concern in light of reports that amphibian numbers and species are declining worldwide. Ribeiroia ondatrae has been shown to cause a variety of types of malformations in amphibians. However, little is known about the prevalence of R. ondatrae in North America. To aid in conducting field studies of Ribeiroia spp., we have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic. Herein, we describe the development of an accurate, rapid, simple, and cost-effective diagnostic for detection of Ribeiroia spp. infection in snails (Planorbella trivolvis). Candidate oligonucleotide primers for PCR were designed via DNA sequence analyses of multiple ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-2 regions from Ribeiroia spp. and Echinostoma spp. Comparison of consensus sequences determined from both genera identified areas of sequence potentially unique to Ribeiroia spp. The PCR reliably produced a diagnostic 290-base pair (bp) product in the presence of a wide concentration range of snail or frog DNA. Sensitivity was examined with DNA extracted from single R. ondatrae cercaria. The single-tube PCR could routinely detect less than 1 cercariae equivalent, because DNA isolated from a single cercaria could be diluted at least 1:50 and still yield a positive result via gel electrophoresis. An even more sensitive nested PCR also was developed that routinely detected 100 fg of the 290-bp fragment. The assay did not detect furcocercous cercariae of certain Schistosomatidae, Echinostoma sp., or Sphaeridiotrema globulus nor adults of Clinostomum sp. or Cyathocotyle bushiensis. Field testing of 137 P. trivolvis identified 3 positives with no overt environmental cross-reactivity, and results concurred with microscopic examinations in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Reinitz
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, 2115 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
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