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Feijen F, Buser C, Klappert K, Jokela J. Parasite infection and the movement of the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum along a depth cline. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10124. [PMID: 37261317 PMCID: PMC10227174 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasite species that use two or more host species during their life cycle depend on successful transmission between these species. These successive host species may have different habitat requirements. For example, one host species may be aquatic while the other is terrestrial. To overcome this complicating factor in transmission, a wide diversity of parasite species have adaptations that alter the habitat preference in one host species to facilitate transmission to the next host species.Two common trematode parasites in New Zealand, Atriophallophorus winterbourni and Notocotylus spp., both have a life cycle with two host species. The aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum is the intermediate host, from which the parasites require transmission to dabbling ducks or other waterfowl. Of these parasites, A. winterbourni is most frequently found in snails from the shallow-water margin. This may indicate parasite-induced movement of infected snails into the foraging habitat of dabbling ducks.To test whether the parasites manipulate the snails to move into shallow water, we stretched tubular mesh cages across depth-specific ecological habitat zones in a lake. Both infected and healthy snails were released into the cages. After 11 days, significantly higher infection frequencies of A. winterbourni were retrieved from the shallowest end of the cages, while Notocotylus spp. frequencies did not vary with depth.The hypothesis that A. winterbourni induces its snail host to move into the shallow-water habitat cannot be rejected based on the experimental results. Although further research is needed to address alternative explanations, the depth preference of infected snails may be due to a parasite adaptation that facilitates trophic transmission of parasites to dabbling ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Feijen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH‐ZürichInstitute of Integrative BiologyZürichSwitzerland
| | - Claudia Buser
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH‐ZürichInstitute of Integrative BiologyZürichSwitzerland
| | - Kirsten Klappert
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH‐ZürichInstitute of Integrative BiologyZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jukka Jokela
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH‐ZürichInstitute of Integrative BiologyZürichSwitzerland
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Impact of trematode infections on periphyton grazing rates of freshwater snails. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3547-3555. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Żbikowska E, Żbikowski J. Digenean larvae--the cause and beneficiaries of the changes in host snails' thermal behavior. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1063-70. [PMID: 25563607 PMCID: PMC4336406 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Parasite-induced changes in host’s thermal preferences not only can be interpreted as a physiological defense response of the host but also can represent a pathological manifestation of the parasite. Both may become established in host-parasite relationships if they are beneficial for at least one of the counterparts. This study investigates parasite-induced changes in the thermoregulatory behavior of first intermediate hosts of Digenea (i.e. Lymnaea stagnalis and Planorbarius corneus), infected with Notocotylidae or Echinostomatidae larvae. The investigated parasite species developed different transmission strategies outside the body of a snail, which may imply a different effect on the behavior of their hosts. Notocotylus attenuatus in L. stagnalis and Notocotylus ephemera in P. corneus produce symptoms of anapyrexia, prolonging the lifespan of their hosts. By contrast, Echinoparyphium aconiatum in L. stagnalis and Echinostoma spiniferum in P. corneus interfere with defensive thermoregulatory behavior of host snails, causing their accelerated death. The results of laboratory research indicate that thermal preferences of the snails infected with all investigated trematodes facilitate the transmission of the parasites in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Żbikowska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland,
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Levri EP, Clark TJ. Behavior in invasive New Zealand mud snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) is related to source population. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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dos Santos EGN, Costa VDS, Santos CP. Does the trematode Centrocestus formosanus affect the locomotory activity of the mollusc Melanoides tuberculatus? Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:92. [PMID: 23574763 PMCID: PMC3635958 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774) (Thiaridae), an introduced gastropod mollusc with a wide geographical distribution in the Neotropics, is the intermediate host of the trematode Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) (Heterophyidae). This parasite is considered to be pathogenic to humans. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the locomotory activity of uninfected M. tuberculatus compared with those naturally infected with C. formosanus. Findings The locomotory activity of each mollusc was recorded using an image analysis biomonitoring system, Videomex-V ®, to evaluate and quantify the parameters of ‘Stereotypic’ and ‘Resting time’. The Generalized Estimating Equation analysis of locomotory activity of M. tuberculatus infected with C. formosanus revealed significant differences compared with uninfected molluscs for the parameters ‘Stereotypic time’ and ‘Resting time’ with a reduction of movement. The variations in the values of the monitoring intervals recorded showed a significant difference for the infected molluscs in the case of Stereotypic time, with an irregular locomotory activity pattern, as compared to that of uninfected molluscs. The analysis of the standard length of all molluscs did not exhibit any correlation with locomotory activity, showing that C. formosanus is able to alter the locomotory activity of its snail host regardless of the standard length. Conclusions The trematode C. formosanus affects the locomotory activity of the mollusc M. tuberculatus by reducing its movement and causing it to exhibit an irregular pattern of activity, both of which are independent of the snail's standard length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Gustavo Nunes dos Santos
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av, Brasil, 4,365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
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Maure F, Daoust SP, Brodeur J, Mitta G, Thomas F. Diversity and evolution of bodyguard manipulation. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:36-42. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.073130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Among the different strategies used by parasites to usurp the behaviour of their host, one of the most fascinating is bodyguard manipulation. While all classic examples of bodyguard manipulation involve insect parasitoids, induced protective behaviours have also evolved in other parasite–host systems, typically as specific dimensions of the total manipulation. For instance, parasites may manipulate the host to reduce host mortality during their development or to avoid predation by non-host predators. This type of host manipulation behaviour is rarely described, probably due to the fact that studies have mainly focused on predation enhancement rather than studying all the dimensions of the manipulation. Here, in addition to the classic cases of bodyguard manipulation, we also review these ‘bodyguard dimensions’ and propose extending the current definition of bodyguard manipulation to include the latter. We also discuss different evolutionary scenarios under which such manipulations could have evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Maure
- IRD, MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, FR-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal 4101, rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH1X 2B2
| | - Simon Payette Daoust
- IRD, MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, FR-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal 4101, rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH1X 2B2
| | - Jacques Brodeur
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal 4101, rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH1X 2B2
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Écologie et Évolution des Interactions (UMR CNRS 5244), 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- IRD, MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, FR-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Madeira C, Alves MJ, Mesquita N, Silva SE, Paula J. Tracing geographical patterns of population differentiation in a widespread mangrove gastropod: genetic and geometric morphometrics surveys along the eastern African coast. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Madeira
- Centro de Oceanografia; Laboratório Marítimo da Guia; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939 2750-374 Cascais Portugal
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência; Universidade de Lisboa; Rua da Escola Politécnica 56/58 1250-102 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maria Judite Alves
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência; Universidade de Lisboa; Rua da Escola Politécnica 56/58 1250-102 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Natacha Mesquita
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência; Universidade de Lisboa; Rua da Escola Politécnica 56/58 1250-102 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Sara Ema Silva
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - José Paula
- Centro de Oceanografia; Laboratório Marítimo da Guia; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939 2750-374 Cascais Portugal
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Levri EP, Dubensky AN, Mears AS, Opiela CA. Interpopulation variation in predator avoidance behavior of a freshwater snail to the same predator. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z2012-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The New Zealand mud snail ( Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Grey, 1843)) responds to the presence of predatory fish by moving to a safer environment. These experiments attempted to determine if predator detection by the snail results in specific responses to light and (or) gravity by the snail and if snails respond more or less to fish from their native lake compared with fish from a foreign lake. Snails and fish (Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, 1975) were collected from lakes Alexandrina and Peorua from the South Island of New Zealand. Snails were placed in behavioral chambers and tested for their responses to the direction of light, vertical orientation with respect to gravity, and rate of movement in light and dark conditions. Snails from each lake were exposed to one of three treatments: plain water, water from fish from Lake Alexandrina, and water from fish from Lake Peorua. Results showed no effect of direction of light on behavior. Snails from Lake Alexandrina were not found to alter their up or down movements in response to the detection of fish. However, snails from Lake Peorua moved down more in response to fish from their own lake than fish from Lake Alexandrina or no fish. Both snail populations increase their speed in the light more when detecting Alexandrina fish compared with Peorua fish and no fish. Both snail populations show some evidence of enhanced response to local predator populations. Interestingly, different behavioral mechanisms appear to be responsible for the avoidance behaviors in each population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P. Levri
- Department of Biology, Penn State – Altoona, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, PA 16601, USA
| | - Andrea N. Dubensky
- Department of Biology, Penn State – Altoona, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, PA 16601, USA
| | - Ashley S. Mears
- Department of Biology, Penn State – Altoona, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, PA 16601, USA
| | - Carol A. Opiela
- Department of Biology, Penn State – Altoona, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, PA 16601, USA
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Moore AF, Kawasaki M, Menaker M. Photic induction of locomotor activity is correlated with photic habitat in Anolis lizards. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2011; 198:193-201. [PMID: 22089083 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-011-0699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A variety of ecologically important behaviors, including circadian rhythms and seasonal reproduction, are influenced by non-visual responses to light, yet very little is known about the relationship between photic habitat and non-visual photoreception. Puerto Rican Anolis lizards have diverged into multiple photic niches, making them a good model for non-visual photosensory ecology. We investigated the photic induction of locomotor activity, a non-visual response to light, in four species of Anolis comprising two pairs of closely related, ecomorphologically similar species whose microhabitats differ in solar irradiance. We developed a device for continuous, automated detection and recording of anole locomotor activity, and used it to characterize activity under 12:12 h light-dark cycles. Next, we administered a series of 2-h light pulses during the dark period of the light-dark cycle and measured the increase in locomotor activity relative to baseline dark activity. Five different irradiances (ranging from very dim to daytime levels) were given to each individual lizard on separate nights. As expected, light caused an irradiance-dependent increase in locomotor activity in all four species. The responses at the highest irradiances were significantly greater in species occupying relatively more shaded habitats, suggesting that non-visual photoreception may be adapted to habitat light in Anolis lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashli F Moore
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, USA
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Seasonal changes in host phenotype manipulation by an acanthocephalan: time to be transmitted? Parasitology 2008; 136:219-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182008005271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYMany complex life cycle parasites exhibit seasonal transmission between hosts. Expression of parasite traits related to transmission, such as the manipulation of host phenotype, may peak in seasons when transmission is optimal. The acanthocephalanAcanthocephalus luciiis primarily transmitted to its fish definitive host in spring. We assessed whether the parasitic alteration of 2 traits (hiding behaviour and coloration) in the isopod intermediate host was more pronounced at this time of year. Refuge use by infected isopods was lower, relative to uninfected isopods, in spring than in summer or fall. Infected isopods had darker abdomens than uninfected isopods, but this difference did not vary between seasons. The level of host alteration was unaffected by exposing isopods to different light and temperature regimes. In a group of infected isopods kept at 4°C, refuge use decreased from November to May, indicating that reduced hiding in spring develops during winter. Keeping isopods at 16°C instead of 4°C resulted in higher mortality but not accelerated changes in host behaviour. Our results suggest that changes in host and/or parasite age, not environmental conditions, underlie the seasonal alteration of host behaviour, but further work is necessary to determine if this is an adaptive parasite strategy to be transmitted in a particular season.
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