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Leiva PML, Frutos AE, Lavandera J, Simoncini MS, Labaque MC, Piña CI, González MA. Effect of flaxseed and flaxseed oil supplemented in caiman diet on meat fatty acids. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:550. [PMID: 34800206 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing polyunsaturated or long-chain fatty acids in meat for human consumption improves both nutritional quality and consumer perception. The increase could occur through the addition of rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids (such as flaxseed or flaxseed oil) to the animal diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplement with two presentations of flax (crushed seeds or oil) on the change of FA content in two cuts of caiman meat (tail and neck). We measured fatty profile in two different caiman meat cuts (neck and tail) from 30 animals (total length 96.7 ± 4.9 cm, snout-vent length 47.8 ± 3 cm, weight 4.2 ± 0.6 kg), raised in individual enclosures, fed three a week for 50 days with crushed chicken head and a dry food formulated for these reptiles in a 70/30 ratio (C, n = 10), control diet with 10% crushed flaxseed (FS, n = 10), and control diet with 10% flaxseed oil (FO, n = 10), while the remaining days animals were fed the control diet. Meats from animals fed both enrichment diet (FS and FO) showed an increase of C18:3n-3 and ΣUFA with respect to control diet. Although both enriched diets raised the levels of C18:3n-3, the neck showed higher values than the tail. We observed that the neck is more susceptible than the tail to be improved by FO, which could suggest that it is more beneficial to consume neck meat. In order to be implemented in caiman farms, flaxseed oil is more expensive than seed, but more effective, easier to manage, and is practical for application on caiman farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M L Leiva
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Y Transferencia de Tecnología a La Producción-Provincia de Entre Ríos-Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, España 149, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina.,Proyecto Yacaré - Laboratorio de Zoología AplicadaAnexo Vertebrados, (Facultad de Humanidades Y Ciencias-Universidad Nacional del Litoral/Ministerio de Medio Ambiente), Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos (FCYT-UADER), Tratardo del Pilar 314, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Antonio E Frutos
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Y Transferencia de Tecnología a La Producción-Provincia de Entre Ríos-Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, España 149, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos (FCYT-UADER), Tratardo del Pilar 314, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Jimena Lavandera
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Melina S Simoncini
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Y Transferencia de Tecnología a La Producción-Provincia de Entre Ríos-Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, España 149, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina. .,Proyecto Yacaré - Laboratorio de Zoología AplicadaAnexo Vertebrados, (Facultad de Humanidades Y Ciencias-Universidad Nacional del Litoral/Ministerio de Medio Ambiente), Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos (FCYT-UADER), Tratardo del Pilar 314, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
| | - María C Labaque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Y Tecnológicas-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos I Piña
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Y Transferencia de Tecnología a La Producción-Provincia de Entre Ríos-Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, España 149, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina.,Proyecto Yacaré - Laboratorio de Zoología AplicadaAnexo Vertebrados, (Facultad de Humanidades Y Ciencias-Universidad Nacional del Litoral/Ministerio de Medio Ambiente), Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos (FCYT-UADER), Tratardo del Pilar 314, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Marcela A González
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Clyde-Brockway CE, Ferreira CR, Flaherty EA, Paladino FV. Lipid profiling suggests species specificity and minimal seasonal variation in Pacific Green and Hawksbill Turtle plasma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253916. [PMID: 34280208 PMCID: PMC8289036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we applied multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-profiling to explore the relative ion intensity of lipid classes in plasma samples from sea turtles in order to profile lipids relevant to sea turtle physiology and investigate how dynamic ocean environments affect these profiles. We collected plasma samples from foraging green (Chelonia mydas, n = 28) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata, n = 16) turtles live captured in North Pacific Costa Rica in 2017. From these samples, we identified 623 MRMs belonging to 10 lipid classes (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, free fatty acid, cholesteryl ester, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, ceramide, and triacylglyceride) and one metabolite group (acyl-carnitine) present in sea turtle plasma. The relative ion intensities of most lipids (80%) were consistent between species, across seasons, and were not correlated to body size or estimated sex. Of the differences we observed, the most pronounced was the differences in relative ion intensity between species. We identified 123 lipids that had species-specific relative ion intensities. While some of this variability is likely due to green and hawksbill turtles consuming different food items, we found indications of a phylogenetic component as well. Of these, we identified 47 lipids that varied by season, most belonging to the structural phospholipid classes. Overall, more lipids (n = 39) had higher relative ion intensity in the upwelling (colder) season compared to the non-upwelling season (n = 8). Further, we found more variability in hawksbill turtles than green turtles. Here, we provide the framework in which to apply future lipid profiling in the assessment of health, physiology, and behavior in endangered sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Clyde-Brockway
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christina R. Ferreira
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Frank V. Paladino
- Department of Biology, Purdue University-Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, United States of America
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