1
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Diagnostic and Prognostic Impact of Progesterone Receptor Immunohistochemistry: A Study Evaluating More Than 16,000 Tumors. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:6412148. [PMID: 35992051 PMCID: PMC9381849 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6412148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) is a member of the nuclear/steroid hormone receptor family of ligand-dependent transcription factors. It plays an important role in reproduction and mammary gland development and has various tissue-specific effects in nonreproductive organs. In diagnostic pathology, positive PR immunostaining is used to support a diagnosis of breast or gynecologic origin in a tumor. In this study, the expression of PR was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 18,176 (interpretable: 16,445) samples from 147 different tumor types and subtypes in a tissue microarray format. PR immunostaining was detected in 57.4% of breast tumors, 28.6% of other gynecological tumors, and 1.8% of nongynecological and nonmammary tumors. Among the group of nongynecological and nonmammary tumors, particularly high rates of PR positivity were seen in neuroendocrine tumors (54.3%) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (35.7%) of the pancreas. A comparison with clinico-pathological parameters showed that reduced PR immunostaining was significantly associated with adverse histopathological and clinical features in breast carcinoma, endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In summary, our analysis of 147 different tumor types for PR immunostaining provides a ranking list of tumor entities according to their prevalence of PR positivity, helps to better understand the diagnostic utility of PR, and highlights the distinct PR positivity among neuroendocrine neoplasms of pancreatic origin.
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2
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Y It Matters—Sex Differences in Fetal Lung Development. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030437. [PMID: 35327629 PMCID: PMC8946560 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Within this review, sex-specific differences in alveolar epithelial functions are discussed with special focus on preterm infants and the respiratory disorders associated with premature birth. First, a short overview about fetal lung development, the challenges the lung faces during perinatal lung transition to air breathing and respiratory distress in preterm infants is given. Next, clinical observations concerning sex-specific differences in pulmonary morbidity of human preterm infants are noted. The second part discusses potential sex-specific causes of pulmonary complications, including pulmonary steroid receptors and local lung steroid metabolism. With regard to pulmonary steroid metabolism, it is important to highlight which steroidogenic enzymes are expressed at which stage during fetal lung development. Thereafter, we review the knowledge concerning sex-specific aspects of lung growth and maturation. Special focus is given to alveolar epithelial Na+ transport as a driver of perinatal lung transition and the sex differences that were noted in this process.
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3
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Hu M, Zhang Y, Lu L, Zhou Y, Wu D, Brännström M, Shao LR, Billig H. Overactivation of the androgen receptor exacerbates gravid uterine ferroptosis via interaction with and suppression of the NRF2 defense signaling pathway. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:806-825. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University 510120 Guangzhou China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Guangzhou Medical University 510120 Guangzhou China
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg 40530 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Yuehui Zhang
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg 40530 Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine 150040 Harbin China
| | - Lingjing Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University 510120 Guangzhou China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Guangzhou Medical University 510120 Guangzhou China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University 510120 Guangzhou China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Guangzhou Medical University 510120 Guangzhou China
| | - Denghui Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine 150040 Harbin China
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg 41345 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Linus R Shao
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg 40530 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Håkan Billig
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg 40530 Gothenburg Sweden
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4
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Role of Sex Hormones at Different Physiobiological Conditions and Therapeutic Potential in MBD2 Mediated Severe Asthma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7097797. [PMID: 35096261 PMCID: PMC8799366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7097797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormone has become a “hot topic” to evaluate the hormonal therapeutic potential in severe asthma. Th17 cell is one of the main influencing factors involved in the pathogenesis of severe asthma, hence also called as kernel of severe asthma, and Th17 subtype of non-T2 asthma is less responsive (resistance) to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), so severe in nature. Methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) is overexpressed and regulates the Th17 differentiation, showing the possibility of therapeutic target in treating Th17 mediated severe asthma. Sex hormone fluctuates at the different physiobiological conditions of the human body and affects the asthma pathobiology showing its role in asthma prevalence, severity, remission, and therapy. This review briefly overviews the sex hormones, their influence in asthma at the different physiobiological conditions of human body, and MBD2 severe asthma connection with the possible therapeutic potential of sex steroids in MBD2 mediated Th17 predominant severe asthma. Male sex hormone tends to show a beneficial effect and possibly downregulates the expression of Th17 cells via regulating MBD2 through a mechanism distinct from corticosteroid treatment and guides us towards discovery of new therapeutic agent, reduces the asthma-related complications, and promotes long-term survival by lowering the risk of therapy-resistant issues of old age severe asthma.
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Reyes-García J, Montaño LM, Carbajal-García A, Wang YX. Sex Hormones and Lung Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:259-321. [PMID: 34019274 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic marker in numerous lung disorders. Several immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, as well as T and B lymphocytes, synthetize and release cytokines involved in the inflammatory process. Gender differences in the incidence and severity of inflammatory lung ailments including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), lung cancer (LC), and infectious related illnesses have been reported. Moreover, the effects of sex hormones on both androgens and estrogens, such as testosterone (TES) and 17β-estradiol (E2), driving characteristic inflammatory patterns in those lung inflammatory diseases have been investigated. In general, androgens seem to display anti-inflammatory actions, whereas estrogens produce pro-inflammatory effects. For instance, androgens regulate negatively inflammation in asthma by targeting type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and T-helper (Th)-2 cells to attenuate interleukin (IL)-17A-mediated responses and leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis pathway. Estrogens may promote neutrophilic inflammation in subjects with asthma and COPD. Moreover, the activation of estrogen receptors might induce tumorigenesis. In this chapter, we summarize the most recent advances in the functional roles and associated signaling pathways of inflammatory cellular responses in asthma, COPD, PF, LC, and newly occurring COVID-19 disease. We also meticulously deliberate the influence of sex steroids on the development and progress of these common and severe lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abril Carbajal-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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Ruiz D, Padmanabhan V, Sargis RM. Stress, Sex, and Sugar: Glucocorticoids and Sex-Steroid Crosstalk in the Sex-Specific Misprogramming of Metabolism. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa087. [PMID: 32734132 PMCID: PMC7382384 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life exposures to environmental insults can misprogram development and increase metabolic disease risk in a sex-dependent manner by mechanisms that remain poorly characterized. Modifiable factors of increasing public health relevance, such as diet, psychological stress, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals, can affect glucocorticoid receptor signaling during gestation and lead to sex-specific postnatal metabolic derangements. Evidence from humans and animal studies indicate that glucocorticoids crosstalk with sex steroids by several mechanisms in multiple tissues and can affect sex-steroid-dependent developmental processes. Nonetheless, glucocorticoid sex-steroid crosstalk has not been considered in the glucocorticoid-induced misprogramming of metabolism. Herein we review what is known about the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids crosstalk with estrogen, androgen, and progestogen action. We propose that glucocorticoid sex-steroid crosstalk is an understudied mechanism of action that requires consideration when examining the developmental misprogramming of metabolism, especially when assessing sex-specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ruiz
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Medicine; University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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7
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Ogara MF, Rodríguez-Seguí SA, Marini M, Nacht AS, Stortz M, Levi V, Presman DM, Vicent GP, Pecci A. The glucocorticoid receptor interferes with progesterone receptor-dependent genomic regulation in breast cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:10645-10661. [PMID: 31598691 PMCID: PMC6846950 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors (GR and PR) are closely related members of the steroid receptor family. Despite sharing similar structural and functional characteristics; the cognate hormones display very distinct physiological responses. In mammary epithelial cells, PR activation is associated with the incidence and progression of breast cancer, whereas the GR is related to growth suppression and differentiation. Despite their pharmacological relevance, only a few studies have compared GR and PR activities in the same system. Using a PR+/GR+ breast cancer cell line, here we report that either glucocorticoid-free or dexamethasone (DEX)-activated GR inhibits progestin-dependent gene expression associated to epithelial-mesenchymal-transition and cell proliferation. When both receptors are activated with their cognate hormones, PR and GR can form part of the same complex according to co-immunoprecipitation, quantitative microscopy and sequential ChIP experiments. Moreover, genome-wide studies in cells treated with either DEX or R5020, revealed the presence of several regions co-bound by both receptors. Surprisingly, GR also binds novel genomic sites in cells treated with R5020 alone. This progestin-induced GR binding was enriched in REL DNA motifs and located close to genes coding for chromatin remodelers. Understanding GR behavior in the context of progestin-dependent breast cancer could provide new targets for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ogara
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Santiago A Rodríguez-Seguí
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Melisa Marini
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Ana Silvina Nacht
- Centro de Regulación Genómica, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Martin Stortz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Diego M Presman
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Guillermo P Vicent
- Centro de Regulación Genómica, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Department of Molecular Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, IBMB-CSIC. Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Adali Pecci
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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8
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Fuentes N, Silveyra P. Endocrine regulation of lung disease and inflammation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1313-1322. [PMID: 30509139 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218816653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Sex-differences in the incidence and severity of inflammatory lung diseases have been recognized for years. Women of reproductive age are more likely to suffer from chronic lung disease, with higher mortality rates than men. Physiological changes in hormone levels such as those occurring during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause have been associated with lung function changes and asthma symptoms. Despite this, the roles of sex hormones in the mechanisms associated with lung diseases have not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes basic and clinical studies of sex hormones as potential modulators of lung function and inflammation. The information obtained from sex-specific research on lung physiology and pathology will potentially help in the development of sex-specific therapeutics for inflammatory lung disease that may account for the hormonal status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Fuentes
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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Kaltofen T, Haase M, Thome UH, Laube M. Male Sex is Associated with a Reduced Alveolar Epithelial Sodium Transport. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136178. [PMID: 26291531 PMCID: PMC4546327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most frequent pulmonary complication in preterm infants. RDS incidence differs between genders, which has been called the male disadvantage. Besides maturation of the surfactant system, Na+ transport driven alveolar fluid clearance is crucial for the prevention of RDS. Na+ transport is mediated by the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and the Na,K-ATPase, therefore potential differences in their expression or activity possibly contribute to the gender imbalance observed in RDS. Fetal distal lung epithelial (FDLE) cells of rat fetuses were separated by sex and analyzed regarding expression and activity of the Na+ transporters. Ussing chamber experiments showed a higher baseline short-circuit current (ISC) and amiloride-sensitive ΔISC in FDLE cells of female origin. In addition, maximal amiloride-sensitive ΔISC and maximal ouabain-sensitive ΔISC of female cells were higher when measured in the presence of a permeabilized basolateral or apical membrane, respectively. The number of FDLE cells per fetus recoverable during cell isolation was also significantly higher in females. In addition, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio was lower in fetal and newborn female pups. Female derived FDLE cells had higher mRNA levels of the ENaC- and Na,K-ATPase subunits. Furthermore, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA levels were higher in female cells, which might render female cells more responsive, while concentrations of placenta-derived sex steroids do not differ between both genders during fetal life. Inhibition of ER-β abolished the sex differences in Na+ transport and female cells were more responsive to estradiol stimulation. In conclusion, a higher alveolar Na+ transport, possibly attributable to a higher expression of hormone receptors in female FDLE cells, provides an explanation for the well known sex-related difference in RDS occurrence and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Kaltofen
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Division of Neonatology, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Haase
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Division of Neonatology, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich H. Thome
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Division of Neonatology, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Laube
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Division of Neonatology, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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10
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Schmidt C, Klammt J, Thome UH, Laube M. The interaction of glucocorticoids and progesterone distinctively affects epithelial sodium transport. Lung 2014; 192:935-46. [PMID: 25173779 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucocorticoids and progesterone exert stimulatory effects on epithelial Na(+) transport, including increased mRNA expression of the participating ion transporters (epithelial Na(+) channels [ENaC] and Na,K-ATPases) and their electrophysiological activity. Fetuses threatened by preterm labor may receive high doses of glucocorticoids to stimulate lung maturation and are naturally exposed to high levels of female sex steroids. However, it is still unknown how the combination of both hormones influences the epithelial Na(+) transport, which is crucial for alveolar fluid clearance. METHODS Fetal distal lung epithelial cells were incubated in media supplemented with dexamethasone and progesterone. Real-time qPCR and Ussing chamber analysis were used to determine the effects on ENaC mRNA expression and channel activity. In addition, the specific progesterone receptor antagonist (PF-02367982) and the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone were used to identify the involved hormone receptors. RESULTS Both dexamethasone and progesterone increased ENaC subunit expression and channel activity. However, the combination of dexamethasone and progesterone reduced the α- and γ-ENaC subunit expression compared to the effect of dexamethasone alone. Furthermore, higher dexamethasone concentrations in combination with progesterone also significantly reduced Na(+) transport in Ussing chamber measurements. Hormone receptor antagonists showed that inhibition of the progesterone receptor increased the mRNA expression of α- and γ-ENaC, whereas mifepristone decreased mRNA expression of all ENaC subunits. CONCLUSION Glucocorticoids and progesterone individually increase ENaC mRNA expression; however, the combination of both hormones decreases the stimulatory effects of dexamethasone on Na(+) transport and ENaC mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schmidt
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Piccinato CA, Rosa GJM, N’Jai AU, Jefcoate CR, Wiltbank MC. Estradiol and progesterone exhibit similar patterns of hepatic gene expression regulation in the bovine model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73552. [PMID: 24069207 PMCID: PMC3775788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Female sex steroid hormones, estradiol-17β (E2-17β) and progesterone (P4) regulate reproductive function and gene expression in a broad range of tissues. Given the central role of the liver in regulating homeostasis including steroid hormone metabolism, we sought to understand how E2-17β and P4 interact to affect global gene expression in liver. Ovariectomized cows (n = 8) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups applied in a replicated Latin Square design: 1) No hormone supplementation, 2) E2-17β treatment (ear implant), 3) P4 treatment (intravaginal inserts), and 4) E2-17β combined with P4. After 14 d of treatment, liver biopsies were collected, allowing 28 d intervals between periods. Changes in gene expression in the liver biopsies were monitored using bovine-specific arrays. Treatment with E2-17β altered expression of 479 genes, P4 472 genes, and combined treatment significantly altered expression of 468 genes. In total, 578 genes exhibited altered expression including a remarkable number (346 genes) that responded similarly to E2-17β, P4, or combined treatment. Additional evidence for similar gene expression actions of E2-17ß and/or P4 were: principal component analysis placed almost every treatment array at a substantial distance from controls; Venn diagrams indicated overall treatment effects for most regulated genes; clustering analysis indicated the two major clusters had all treatments up-regulating (172 genes) or down-regulating (173 genes) expression. Thus, unexpectedly, common biological pathways were regulated by E2-17β and/or P4 in liver. This indicates that the mechanism of action of these steroid hormones in the liver might be either indirect or might occur through non-genomic pathways. This unusual pattern of gene expression in response to steroid hormones is consistent with the idea that there are classical and non-classical tissue-specific responses to steroid hormone actions. Future studies are needed to elucidate putative mechanism(s) responsible for overlapping actions of E2-17β and P4 on the liver transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A. Piccinato
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Guilherme J. M. Rosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alhaji U. N’Jai
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Molecular & Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Colin R. Jefcoate
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Milo C. Wiltbank
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Mitchell VL, Van Winkle LS, Gershwin LJ. Environmental tobacco smoke and progesterone alter lung inflammation and mucous metaplasia in a mouse model of allergic airway disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2013; 43:57-68. [PMID: 21837398 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-011-8280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of asthma is sexually dimorphic. Adult women have a higher incidence of asthma than men. This suggests that this disease may have a hormonal component. Progesterone has been shown to elicit an immune response similar to that seen in allergic asthma and previous studies have shown that progesterone increases total IgE levels in the peripheral blood. In the current study, we examine the effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and progesterone on hallmarks of asthma pathology in lung tissue with the goal of defining whether progesterone can also exacerbate two key features of airway remodeling: accumulation of eosinophils and increased mucous. We used a mouse model of allergic asthma that includes house dust mite allergen (HDMA). Adult female BALB/c mice were ovariectomized and implanted with time-release progesterone pellets. Mice were housed in filtered air or ETS for 6 weeks (1 mg/m³ total suspended particulate) and exposed to HDMA by inhalation. Progesterone alone did not increase mucous cell mass or the abundance of eosinophils but ETS coupled with progesterone exposure resulted in a significant increase in mucous cell metaplasia and increased accumulation of eosinophils in the asthma model. Levels of cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, measured using a multiplex cytokine assay, revealed elevated levels of both interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-12(p40) in HDMA-exposed animals. The addition of progesterone further exacerbated this response. We conclude that progesterone, in the absence of estrogen, exacerbates airway inflammation and airway remodeling induced by the toxicant ETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Mitchell
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 4206 VM3A, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
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13
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Jain R, Ray JM, Pan JH, Brody SL. Sex hormone-dependent regulation of cilia beat frequency in airway epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 46:446-53. [PMID: 22033264 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0107oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a female disadvantage in airway diseases, such as asthma and bronchiectasis. The basis for this sex disparity is unknown. We hypothesized that the female sex hormone, progesterone (P4), inhibits functions of the normal airway mucociliary apparatus. P4 receptor (PR) expression was evaluated in human lung and cultured primary human airway epithelial cells isolated from male and female lung transplant donors. PR expression was restricted to the proximal region of the cilia of airway epithelia, and was similar in men and women. Expression of isoform PR-B was more abundant than PR-A in cells from both sexes. Airway epithelial cell exposure to P4 decreased cilia beat frequency (CBF) by 42.3% (±7.2). Inhibition of CBF was prevented by coadministration of P4 with the active form of estrogen, 17β-estradiol, or the PR antagonist, mifepristone. P4 inhibition was time and dose dependent, with a significant decrease by 8 hours and maximal effect at 24 hours, accompanied by translocation of PR from the cilia to the nucleus. Inhibition of cilia beat was also prevented by treatment of cells with actinomycin D, suggesting that CBF inhibition is a transcriptionally mediated event. Together, these findings indicate that sex hormones influence the function of a key component of the mucociliary apparatus. These mechanisms may contribute to the sex disparity present in airway diseases and provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of these debilitating airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Comparative immunohistochemical study of the stroma of serous and mucinous cystic neoplasms: possible histopathogenetic relationship of the 2 entities. Pancreas 2011; 40:37-41. [PMID: 20881895 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181f74c23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serous and mucinous cystic neoplasms (SCNs/MCNs) are the most common true cystic neoplasms of the pancreas and occur more frequently in women. The aim of this study was to characterize the stroma of SCNs to compare its phenotype with that of MCNs. METHODS A total of 12 SCNs and 5 MCNs were analyzed immunohistochemically using the following antisera: progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), inhibin, CD10, and vimentin. Normal pancreatic tissue (17 cases) and ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (3 cases) were used as controls. RESULTS Eight of 12 patients with SCNs and all 5 patients with MCNs were women. For SCNs, the stroma was sclerotic and paucicellular and showed focal moderate to strong reactivity for PR. Estrogen receptor, CD10, and inhibin were virtually negative. For MCNs, the stroma was more cellular and ovarianlike and showed a larger number of PR-positive cells with focal expression of ER and inhibin. Vimentin was expressed in all stromal cells in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Both SCNs and MCNs contain PR-positive stromal cells. In view of the aforementioned clinical and immunophenotypical similarities, we suggest that in SCNs and MCNs, the stromal framework is similar in origin and/or differentiation.
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Feng Y, Johansson J, Shao R, Mannerås L, Fernandez-Rodriguez J, Billig H, Stener-Victorin E. Hypothalamic neuroendocrine functions in rats with dihydrotestosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome: effects of low-frequency electro-acupuncture. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6638. [PMID: 19680559 PMCID: PMC2722078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult female rats continuously exposed to androgens from prepuberty have reproductive and metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We investigated whether such exposure adversely affects estrous cyclicity and the expression and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), GnRH receptors, and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus and whether the effects are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). We also assessed the effect of low-frequency electro-acupuncture (EA) on those variables. At 21 days of age, rats were randomly divided into three groups (control, PCOS, and PCOS EA; n = 12/group) and implanted subcutaneously with 90-day continuous-release pellets containing vehicle or 5alpha-dihydrostestosterone (DHT). From age 70 days, PCOS EA rats received 2-Hz EA (evoking muscle twitches) five times/week for 4-5 weeks. Hypothalamic protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. DHT-treated rats were acyclic, but controls had regular estrous cycles. In PCOS rats, hypothalamic medial preoptic AR protein expression and the number of AR- and GnRH-immunoreactive cells were increased, but CRH was not affected; however, GnRH receptor expression was decreased in both the pituitary and hypothalamus. Low-frequency EA restored estrous cyclicity within 1 week and reduced the elevated hypothalamic GnRH and AR expression levels. EA did not affect GnRH receptor or CRH expression. Interestingly, nuclear AR co-localized with GnRH in the hypothalamus. Thus, rats with DHT-induced PCOS have disrupted estrous cyclicity and an increased number of hypothalamic cells expressing GnRH, most likely mediated by AR activation. Repeated low-frequency EA normalized estrous cyclicity and restored GnRH and AR protein expression. These results may help explain the beneficial neuroendocrine effects of low-frequency EA in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology and Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Julia Johansson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruijin Shao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Mannerås
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Centre for Cellular Imaging, Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Billig
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Growth and development. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:79-101. [PMID: 18185067 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282f4f084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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