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Sayari M, Rahmanian Haghighi MR, Bagheri Lankarani K, Ghahramani S, Honarvar B. The Global Road Traffic Death Rate and Human Development Index from 2000 to 2019: A Trend Analysis. Arch Iran Med 2024; 27:113-121. [PMID: 38685835 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2024.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies on the association between the human development index (HDI) and road traffic death rate (RTDR) merely focus on developed countries, not reflecting the relationship between the HDI components and RTDR in a time-trend analysis. Accordingly, this study analyzes the trends of RTDR and their association with the HDI and its components from 2000 to 2019. METHODS The RTDR data of 154 countries were imported into the unconditional latent growth model (LGM) to assess the RTDR trends. The impact of the HDI and its components (viz., education, income, and life expectancy [LE viz]) on the trajectory of RTDR was also evaluated using the conditional LGM. RESULTS The results of the unconditional LGM indicated an overall decreasing trend in RTDR. The conditional LGM results revealed the negative effect of the HDI and its components on the model parameters. The findings of random forests indicated that education and LE were the most crucial variables. CONCLUSION Overall, this study emphasizes the significance of HDI and its components, particularly education and LE, in lowering the number of traffic fatalities. In this sense, improving formal education and LE could be one of the main policies that policymakers could consider to reduce RTDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sayari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahmanian Haghighi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Erasmus JMD Program, Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sulmaz Ghahramani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Honarvar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Perrins Gendron MMC, Van Niekerk L, Cloete L. The use and value of play: Perspectives from the continent of Africa - a scoping review. Scand J Occup Ther 2023; 30:1394-1414. [PMID: 35293835 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2022.2043433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published play knowledge predominantly originates outside Africa. This review was undertaken to summarize sources on play originating from the continent of Africa. OBJECTIVE To locate and summarize sources on the use and value of play in human development and learning from the African continent. MATERIAL AND METHOD Following the PRISMA Extension - Scoping Reviews guidelines, the initial search yielded 17,004 sources. Title and abstract screening identified 263 sources which were evaluated for eligibility namely; sources originating from the African continent, in any language, focussing on play as occupation. RESULTS A total of 127 sources were included; 76 qualitative, 28 quantitative and 23 mixed design sources; 100 from Southern Africa. Nine themes emerged: Who plays, why, where and how individuals play, intentional use of play, play and adult-related work skills, what is used in play, time/duration of play and barriers to play. CONCLUSIONS Play was used effectively in human development and learning. Withholding play as a form of discipline, emphasized how adults and children valued play. Adults still loved playing. Safety concerns contributed to the reasons play occurred indoors more than outdoors, despite outdoor play being preferred. SIGNIFICANCE The review provides a reference for play as an occupation which may promote learning and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lana Van Niekerk
- Division of Occupational Therapy; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape-Town, South Africa
| | - Lizahn Cloete
- Division of Occupational Therapy; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape-Town, South Africa
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3
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Ježek D. The growing importance of genetics in human reproduction and development. Croat Med J 2023; 64:305-306. [PMID: 37927183 PMCID: PMC10668037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Ježek
- Davor Ježek, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia,
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Yang F, Oka T. Free from your experiences to grow: belief in free will moderates the relationship between attachment avoidance and personal growth initiative. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:243. [PMID: 37620912 PMCID: PMC10463692 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attachment theory proposes that attachment security facilitates personal growth. However, attachment security origins in relationship history, and thus, how people treat their experiences may influence the outcomes of attachment security. People differ in the degree in believing that human beings have free will, and belief in free will may influence the relationship between experiences and outcomes. The present cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between attachment security, belief in free will, and personal growth initiative. METHODS We used the cross-sectional data of 346 Chinese college students for data analysis, including correlational analyses, regression, and moderation analyses. The nine-item Chinese version of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Scale, the sixteen-item Chinese version of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II, and the seven-item Free Will subscale of the Chinese version of the Free Will and Determinism Plus Scale were utilized. RESULTS Results showed attachment avoidance and belief in free will, not attachment anxiety, was associated with personal growth initiative. Belief in free will moderated the association between attachment avoidance and personal growth initiative. When the centered score of belief in free will was higher than 0.64, attachment avoidance was no longer associated with personal growth initiative. 85.84% of our data were below this Johnson-Neyman significance region, and 14.16% were above. In other words, only those who scored higher than 0.64 on free will beliefs were able to pursue personal growth despite their high attachment avoidance. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that when believing in free will, avoidantly attached people may believe in their ability to pursue personal growth and think their future has more possibilities, not influenced by other factors like social support, which they think they lack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-chōme-25-40, Sakurajōsui, Setagaya City, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
- Graduate School of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 1-24-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8644, Japan
| | - Takashi Oka
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-chōme-25-40, Sakurajōsui, Setagaya City, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan.
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5
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Zhang Y, Wu Z. Environmental performance and human development for sustainability: Towards to a new Environmental Human Index. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156491. [PMID: 35667422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human Development Index (HDI) and Environmental Performance Index (EPI) are the widely adopted indicators for measuring the sustainable development in socio-economy and environment, respectively. Sustainable development emphasizes the reduction of environmental stress, when improving human welfare and regional equity, and seeks a balance between human development and environmental-ecological cost. It is necessary to link HDI and EPI to assess the socio-ecological sustainability with an integrative manner. An Environmental Human Index (EHI) by combining HDI and EPI is developed by a formula of EHI = (EPI/100)/(1 - HDI) for identifying combined rankings at international and provincial levels. The EHI for China in the decade (2006-2016) was examined. Results indicated that the EHI shows high feasibility in regional sustainable development evaluation. China places 92nd in the EHI, rising from a baseline score of 1.275 in 2006 to a score of 1.937 in 2016, which approximately account for a quarter of the developed countries. Although remarkable progress in human development has been achieved in China, a large range of EPI differences between China and developed countries implied weak environmental performance that should be improved. Results of correlation analysis reflect pressures of intensified urbanization and rapid economic growth on the environment. The EHI scores shown geographic regional differences at the provincial level that reflect development variation in China, eastern coastal region with strong EHI scores, and, the Northwest and Southwest China with low EHI. Finding suitable solutions for solving environmental issues and protecting ecosystem health is crucial to maintain sound, green, and long-term development with social and economic sustainability to achieve SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Gold Mantis School of Architecture, Research Center of Cultural Landscape Protection and Ecological Restoration, Sino-Portugal Joint Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Supported by the Belt and Road Initiative, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311305, China.
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
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Abstract
Thyroid hormones exert pleiotropic, essential actions in mammalian, including human, development. These actions depend on provision of thyroid hormones in the circulation but also to a remarkable extent on deiodinase enzymes in target tissues that amplify or deplete the local concentration of the primary active form of the hormone T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine), the high affinity ligand for thyroid hormone receptors. Genetic analyses in mice have revealed key roles for activating (DIO2) and inactivating (DIO3) deiodinases in cell differentiation fates and tissue maturation, ultimately promoting neonatal viability, growth, fertility, brain development, and behavior, as well as metabolic, endocrine, and sensory functions. An emerging paradigm is how the opposing activities of DIO2 and DIO3 are coordinated, providing a dynamic switch that controls the developmental timing of a tissue response, often during neonatal and maturational transitions. A second paradigm is how cell to cell communication within a tissue determines the response to T3. Deiodinases in specific cell types, often strategically located near to blood vessels that convey thyroid hormones into the tissue, can regulate neighboring cell types, suggesting a paracrine-like layer of control of T3 action. We discuss deiodinases as switches for developmental transitions and their potential to influence tissue dysfunction in human thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Health, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - M Elena Martinez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Health, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Lily Ng
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Song X, García-Saldivar P, Kindred N, Wang Y, Merchant H, Meguerditchian A, Yang Y, Stein EA, Bradberry CW, Ben Hamed S, Jedema HP, Poirier C. Strengths and challenges of longitudinal non-human primate neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118009. [PMID: 33794361 PMCID: PMC8270888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal non-human primate neuroimaging has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of primate brain structure and function. Here we describe its specific strengths, compared to both cross-sectional non-human primate neuroimaging and longitudinal human neuroimaging, but also its associated challenges. We elaborate on factors guiding the use of different analytical tools, subject-specific versus age-specific templates for analyses, and issues related to statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pamela García-Saldivar
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001 Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Nathan Kindred
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Yujiang Wang
- CNNP Lab (www.cnnp-lab.com), Interdisciplinary Complex Systems Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001 Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Adrien Meguerditchian
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Université Aix-Marseille/CNRS, Institut Language, Communication and the Brain 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Charles W Bradberry
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon - CNRS, France
| | - Hank P Jedema
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Colline Poirier
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
As it fulfills an irresistible need to understand our own origins, research on human development occupies a unique niche in scientific and medical research. In this Comment, we explore the progress in our understanding of human development over the past 10 years. The focus is on basic research, clinical applications, and ethical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Brivanlou
- Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Norbert Gleicher
- The Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY, USA
- The Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Sengayi-Muchengeti M, Joko-Fru WY, Miranda-Filho A, Egue M, Akele-Akpo MT, N'da G, Mathewos A, Buziba N, Korir A, Manraj S, Lorenzoni C, Carrilho C, Hansen R, Finesse A, Somdyala NIM, Wabinga H, Chingonzoh T, Borok M, Chokunonga E, Liu B, Singh E, Kantelhardt EJ, Parkin DM. Cervical cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa by age, stage at diagnosis and Human Development Index: A population-based registry study. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:3037-3048. [PMID: 32449157 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in African women. We sought to estimate population-based survival and evaluate excess hazards for mortality in African women with cervical cancer, examining the effects of country-level Human Development Index (HDI), age and stage at diagnosis. We selected a random sample of 2760 incident cervical cancer cases, diagnosed in 2005 to 2015 from 13 population-based cancer registries in 11 countries (Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe) through the African Cancer Registry Network. Of these, 2735 were included for survival analyses. The 1-, 3- and 5-year observed and relative survival were estimated by registry, stage and country-level HDI. We used flexible Poisson regression models to estimate the excess hazards for death adjusting for age, stage and HDI. Among patients with known stage, 65.8% were diagnosed with Stage III-IV disease. The 5-year relative survival for Stage I-II cervical cancer in high HDI registry areas was 67.5% (42.1-83.6) while it was much lower (42.2% [30.6-53.2]) for low HDI registry areas. Independent predictors of mortality were Stage III-IV disease, medium to low country-level HDI and age >65 years at cervical cancer diagnosis. The average relative survival from cervix cancer in the 11 countries was 69.8%, 44.5% and 33.1% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Factors contributing to the HDI (such as education and a country's financial resources) are critical for cervical cancer control in SSA and there is need to strengthen health systems with timely and appropriate prevention and treatment programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazvita Sengayi-Muchengeti
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Walburga Yvonne Joko-Fru
- The African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Guy N'da
- Abidjan Cancer Registry, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | | | | | | | | | - Cesaltina Lorenzoni
- Maputo Cancer Registry, Maputo Central Hospital and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carla Carrilho
- Maputo Cancer Registry, Maputo Central Hospital and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Anne Finesse
- Seychelles Cancer Registry, Victoria, Seychelles
| | | | - Henry Wabinga
- Kampala Cancer Registry and Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Biying Liu
- The African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, UK
| | - Elvira Singh
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Department of Gynaecology and Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenburg, Halle, Germany
| | - Donald Maxwell Parkin
- The African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Posset R, Garbade SF, Gleich F, Gropman AL, de Lonlay P, Hoffmann GF, Garcia-Cazorla A, Nagamani SCS, Baumgartner MR, Schulze A, Dobbelaere D, Yudkoff M, Kölker S, Zielonka M. Long-term effects of medical management on growth and weight in individuals with urea cycle disorders. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11948. [PMID: 32686765 PMCID: PMC7371674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low protein diet and sodium or glycerol phenylbutyrate, two pillars of recommended long-term therapy of individuals with urea cycle disorders (UCDs), involve the risk of iatrogenic growth failure. Limited evidence-based studies hamper our knowledge on the long-term effects of the proposed medical management in individuals with UCDs. We studied the impact of medical management on growth and weight development in 307 individuals longitudinally followed by the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC) and the European registry and network for Intoxication type Metabolic Diseases (E-IMD). Intrauterine growth of all investigated UCDs and postnatal linear growth of asymptomatic individuals remained unaffected. Symptomatic individuals were at risk of progressive growth retardation independent from the underlying disease and the degree of natural protein restriction. Growth impairment was determined by disease severity and associated with reduced or borderline plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations. Liver transplantation appeared to have a beneficial effect on growth. Weight development remained unaffected both in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Progressive growth impairment depends on disease severity and plasma BCAA concentrations, but cannot be predicted by the amount of natural protein intake alone. Future clinical trials are necessary to evaluate whether supplementation with BCAAs might improve growth in UCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Posset
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven F Garbade
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Gleich
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Pascale de Lonlay
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Maladies Metaboliques (MaMEA), filière G2M, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angeles Garcia-Cazorla
- Hospital San Joan de Deu, Institut Pediàtric de Recerca. Servicio de Neurologia and CIBERER, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandesh C S Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schulze
- University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dries Dobbelaere
- Centre de Référence Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme de L'Enfant Et de L'Adulte, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, CHRU Lille, and Faculty of Medicine, University Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Marc Yudkoff
- School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Zielonka
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Heidelberg Research Center for Molecular Medicine (HRCMM), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sligh CE, Talbot DM. Recognizing the Inevitable Intersections of Spiritual and Leadership Development. New Dir Stud Leadersh 2020; 2020:33-44. [PMID: 32543035 DOI: 10.1002/yd.20381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The language of leadership and spirituality evolves with societal needs. This chapter addresses challenges confronting today's students, aligns concepts of spiritual and leadership development, and articulates a conceptual framework that integrates five tenets of spirituality with the social change model of leadership development.
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Yeh BI. Holistic activity: to motivate premedical students a self-directed action plan. Korean J Med Educ 2020; 32:155-157. [PMID: 32486625 PMCID: PMC7272381 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2020.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Il Yeh
- Department of Medical Education, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Gott T, Craft CM. Conceptualizations of Leadership and Leadership Development Within Evangelical Christian Campus Ministries. New Dir Stud Leadersh 2020; 2020:61-81. [PMID: 32543040 DOI: 10.1002/yd.20383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
More must be done to dovetail faith-based student leadership development with emerging models and understandings of leadership today. This chapter describes how two campus ministries conceptualize leadership and leadership development and how their conceptualizations compare to those commonly embraced in higher education leadership programs.
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Namayandeh SM, Khazaei Z, Lari Najafi M, Goodarzi E, Moslem A. GLOBAL Leukemia in Children 0-14 Statistics 2018, Incidence and Mortality and Human Development Index (HDI): GLOBOCAN Sources and Methods. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1487-1494. [PMID: 32458660 PMCID: PMC7541866 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer is the second leading cause of death in children under 15 and leukemia is the most common type of cancer in this age group. The aim of the present study is to investigate the incidence and mortality of leukemia in children aged 0-14 years and its relationship with Human Development Index (HDI in different countries of the world. Methods: Incidence and mortality rates were obtained from GLOBOCAN and Country's income from World Bank. The data analysis was conducted using correlation analysis. The association of incidence and mortality rates with HDI was investigated using linear regression models. RESULTS The results revealed a significant positive correlation between the incidence rate and Gross National Income per capita (r = 0.464, P <0.0001), mean years of schooling (r = 0.566, P <0.0001), life expectancy at birth (r = 0.712, P <0.0001) and expected years of schooling (r = 0.604, P <0.0001). The results also demonstrated a positive and significant correlation between mortality rate and life expectancy at birth (r = 0.199, P <0.0001). An improvement in HDI [Beta = 7.7, CI95% (0.1, 15.3)] and life Expectancy at birth [Beta = 0.1, CI95% (0.03, 0.1)] caused a significantly rise in the incidence of leukemia. Moreover, the improved HDI [Beta = 6.2, CI95% (1.9, 10.5)] was associated with increased mean years of schooling [Beta = -0.1, CI95% (-0.2, -0.01)] and expected years of schooling [Beta = -0.1, CI95% (-0.3, -0.08). CONCLUSION As the HDI increases, incidence and mortality from of leukemia increases indicating a change in factors that affects leukemia incidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh
- Prevention and Epidemiology Research Center of Non-Communicable Disease, Health Faculty, Shahid Saduoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Zaher Khazaei
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Elham Goodarzi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Alireza Moslem
- Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
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Almeida DM, Charles ST, Mogle J, Drewelies J, Aldwin CM, Spiro A, Gerstorf D. Charting adult development through (historically changing) daily stress processes. Am Psychol 2020; 75:511-524. [PMID: 32378946 PMCID: PMC7213066 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article views adult development through the lens of daily life experiences and recent historical changes in these experiences. In particular, it examines whether theories that postulate general linear increases in well-being throughout adulthood still hold during times of less prosperity and more uncertainty. Descriptive analyses of the National Study of Daily Experiences chart show how stress in the daily lives of Americans may have changed from the 1990s (N = 1,499) to the 2010s (N = 782). Results revealed that adults in the 2010s reported experiencing stressors on 2% more days than in the 1990s, which translates to an additional week of stressors across a year. Participants in the 2010s also reported that stressors were more severe and posed more risks to future plans and finances and that they experienced more distress. These historical changes were particularly pronounced among middle-aged adults (e.g., proportion of stressor days increased by 19%, and perceived risks to finances and to future plans rose by 61% and 52%, respectively). As a consequence, age-related linear increases in well-being observed from young adulthood to midlife in the 1990s were no longer observed in the 2010s. If further studies continue to replicate our findings, traditional theories of adult well-being that were developed and empirically tested during times of relative economic prosperity may need to be reevaluated in light of the changes in middle adulthood currently observed in this historic period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Susan T Charles
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Jacqueline Mogle
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - Carolyn M Aldwin
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University
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Moura AF, Aschemann-Witzel J. A downturn or a window of opportunity? How Danish and French parents perceive changes in healthy eating in the transition to parenthood. Appetite 2020; 150:104658. [PMID: 32171779 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alarming childhood obesity rates call for research into the factors that influence a child's environment. Although parents have a large influence on children's eating behaviours, surprisingly little research has explored parental healthy eating patterns. We conducted face-to-face interviews with parents of young children (up to 4 years old) living in Denmark (n = 16) and in France (n = 14) to provide insights into how the transition to parenthood affects the perceived healthfulness of eating behaviours. A problem-centred, Life-Course approach was employed, exploring the topics of interest from the perspective of the participants, and then interpreting these on the background of Social Cognitive Theory. From a cross-cultural sample of mostly well-educated parents living in couples, we found that the transition to parenthood represents a turning point for eating behaviour. Marked differences in dietary changes were perceived across four stages: 1) pregnancy, 2) first months with the baby, 3) complementary feeding and 4) child shares family meals. The findings point to an opposite cross-country perception of the impact of parenthood on food behaviours, and to the idea of what we called an "equalizing effect" on individuals' diet, where having a child triggered "unhealthy" eaters to consider dietary improvements while it imposed challenges to "healthy" eaters to maintain their satisfactory food habits. Contrasting differences on perceived behaviour change mainly appeared in terms of food ethics concern, meat consumption, cooking enjoyment, dietary diversity and sugar consumption. The proposition that low food-health-oriented individuals become healthier and (some) more environmentally conscious, reveals an opportunity for effective strategies and public health messages targeting health and food-ethics behaviour. Nevertheless, findings point to a need to consider individualized health support, addressing parental self-care, physiological changes, stress and negative emotions of early parenthood.
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18
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Aiyer SM, Zahnow R, Mazerolle LA. Developmental transitions during adulthood and neighborliness: A multilevel cluster analysis. J Community Psychol 2020; 48:237-257. [PMID: 31544966 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neighborliness plays a critical role in promoting social integration, and is known to positively influence health and psychosocial adjustment. We examined variation in neighborliness based on developmental transitions as well as on the neighborhood context. We examined the direct and moderating role of neighborhood factors, to determine whether the neighborhood context modified the influence of developmental transitions on neighborliness. We analyzed data from a longitudinal study of Australian communities, in addition to census data. First, we analyzed developmental transition clusters. Next, we employed multilevel modeling to assess the impact of clusters and other key factors on neighborliness. We tested interactions to determine whether the influence of cluster membership on neighborliness was modified by the neighborhood. We found evidence for direct effects of cluster membership and structural factors on neighborliness. In addition, the neighborhood context modified the influence of cluster membership on neighborliness. Our findings underscore the importance of promoting neighborhood social engagement throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Aiyer
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Renee Zahnow
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lorraine A Mazerolle
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Huffman J, Inoue M, Asahara K, Oguro M, Okubo N, Umeda M, Nagai T, Tashiro J, Nakajima K, Uriuda M, Saitoh A, Shimoda K. Learning experiences and identity development of Japanese nursing students through study abroad: a qualitative analysis. Int J Med Educ 2020; 11:54-61. [PMID: 32114567 PMCID: PMC7246128 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5e47.cf1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the experiences and perceptions of students at a nursing college in Japan who studied abroad in Asia and North America, thereby identifying the full range of benefits of study abroad programs for Japanese nursing students. METHODS We conducted a qualitative analysis of the reflection papers and free-response questionnaire items completed by 50 Japanese undergraduate nursing students who participated in 9 study abroad programs in Asia and North America. Content analysis of the data proceeded from typological and deductive to data-driven and inductive, recursively and collaboratively. RESULTS The results reveal perceived benefits in the areas of English language proficiency and motivation; knowledge of nursing practices, healthcare systems, and global health; cultural awareness and sensitivity; and various types of identity development (second-language motivation and identity, national/ethnic identity, professional identity, identity as a global citizen, and personal growth). It was also shown that students' perceptions of what they learned or gained varied according to the specific characteristics of each study abroad program. CONCLUSIONS Study abroad experiences are often critical turning points that enhance nursing students' identity formation in the context of multiple and overlapping communities of practice. They also enhance core elements of the educational mission of a nursing college, particularly relating to liberal arts and internationalization. These findings can inform the development of assessment tools to be used in conjunction with study abroad programs at nursing colleges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Huffman
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Inoue
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Asahara
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Oguro
- Chiba Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuko Okubo
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Umeda
- Research Institute of Nursing Care for People and Community, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nagai
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Tashiro
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakajima
- Center for International and Community Partnerships, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Uriuda
- Center for International and Community Partnerships, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Saitoh
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kana Shimoda
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Individuals experience loneliness when they perceive a deficiency in the quality or quantity of their social relationships. In the present meta-analysis, we compiled data from 75 longitudinal studies conducted in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America (N = 83, 679) to examine the rank-order and mean-level development of loneliness across the life span. Data were analyzed using two- and three-level meta-analyses and generalized additive mixed models. The results indicate that the rank order of loneliness is as stable as the rank order of personality traits and follows an inverted U-shaped trajectory across the life span. Regarding mean-level development, loneliness was found to decrease throughout childhood and to remain essentially stable from adolescence to oldest old age. Thus, in contrast to other personality characteristics, changes in loneliness are not generally related to age. Implications for theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Mund
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicole Horn
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
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Syed M, Eriksson PL, Frisén A, Hwang CP, Lamb ME. Personality development from age 2 to 33: Stability and change in ego resiliency and ego control and associations with adult adaptation. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:815-832. [PMID: 31999183 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental course and implications of the personality metatraits ego resiliency and ego control across the first 3 decades of life. The sample consisted of 139 participants who were assessed 9 times between ages 2 and 33. Participants completed measures of ego resiliency, ego control, Big Five personality traits, identity development, and positive and negative well-being. The findings indicated strong stability of ego resiliency, in terms of both rank-order and mean-level change. Ego control also demonstrated stability over the full time span, but there was greater change in childhood relative to adolescence and adulthood. Ego resiliency and control were associated with adult well-being, but these associations were generally accounted for by the Big Five traits. Finally, there were small relations between ego resiliency and control in childhood and later adult identity development processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moin Syed
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | | | - Ann Frisén
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg
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22
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Jones SCT, Anderson RE, Gaskin-Wasson AL, Sawyer BA, Applewhite K, Metzger IW. From "crib to coffin": Navigating coping from racism-related stress throughout the lifespan of Black Americans. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2020; 90:267-282. [PMID: 32105125 PMCID: PMC8807348 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the proclamation of a "postracial" society, racism in the United States remains "alive and sick" (S. P. Harrell, 2000), negatively impacting the physical, psychological, and emotional well-being of Black Americans. Moreover, the complex impact of racism throughout the life span is inadequately understood. Coping with the insidiousness of racism in its myriad forms requires recognizing how it expresses across development. In this developmental overview, we apply a life-course perspective (Gee, Walsemann, & Brondolo, 2012) to investigate racism-related stress and coping over time. Within each period of development, we first explore how racism-related stress may present for Black Americans and then document what coping from this stress looks like, highlighting extant strategies and interventions where they exist. This work concludes with a set of definitional, methodological, and clinical future directions and recommendations for improving the field's ability to mitigate the deleterious impact of racism-related stress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology: Ming-Te Wang. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 74:1083-5. [PMID: 31829689 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The APA Awards for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology recognize psychologists who have demonstrated excellence early in their careers and have held a doctoral degree for no more than 9 years. One of the 2019 award winners is Ming-Te Wang, "for his energetic and socially responsive research program that develops ways to improve youth learning by improving the environments in which it takes place. Ming-Te Wang has made major theoretical and empirical contributions to our understanding of learning and development across contexts while also producing and synthesizing evidence to support practices that reduce youth stress, increase resilience, foster engagement and active learning, and enable healthy growth." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Wang Z, Rasool Y, Asghar MM, Wang B. Dynamic linkages among CO 2 emissions, human development, financial development, and globalization: empirical evidence based on PMG long-run panel estimation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:36248-36263. [PMID: 31713133 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of the human capital index, globalization, and financial development on carbon dioxide of grouping OECD countries using pool mean group estimation technique from 1990 to 2015. This study also applies the second-generation cross-sectional augmented Dickey-Fuller and cross-sectional Im, Pesaran, Shin panel (CIPS) unit root, and the latest (Westerlund 2008) cointegration tests for further investigations. The result shows that both the human development index and financial development stimulate environmental improvement by using PMG long-run panel estimation approach. Furthermore, the pairwise Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality results prove the two-way causal association between financial development and carbon emissions. The unidirectional causality running from globalization and human development index towards carbon emission is also supported. Based on the aforementioned results, we provide a set of recommendations for policy implication. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Wang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Energy & Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Energy Economics and Environmental Management, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yasir Rasool
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Energy & Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Muhammad Mansoor Asghar
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Energy & Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Energy & Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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25
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Sallis H, Szekely E, Neumann A, Jolicoeur‐Martineau A, van IJzendoorn M, Hillegers M, Greenwood CM, Meaney MJ, Steiner M, Tiemeier H, Wazana A, Pearson RM, Evans J. General psychopathology, internalising and externalising in children and functional outcomes in late adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:1183-1190. [PMID: 31049953 PMCID: PMC6849715 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalising and externalising problems commonly co-occur in childhood. Yet, few developmental models describing the structure of child psychopathology appropriately account for this comorbidity. We evaluate a model of childhood psychopathology that separates the unique and shared contribution of individual psychological symptoms into specific internalising, externalising and general psychopathology factors and assess how these general and specific factors predict long-term outcomes concerning criminal behaviour, academic achievement and affective symptoms in three independent cohorts. METHODS Data were drawn from independent birth cohorts (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), N = 11,612; Generation R, N = 7,946; Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN), N = 408). Child psychopathology was assessed between 4 and 8 years using a range of diagnostic and questionnaire-based measures, and multiple informants. First, structural equation models were used to assess the fit of hypothesised models of shared and unique components of psychopathology in all cohorts. Once the model was chosen, linear/logistic regressions were used to investigate whether these factors were associated with important outcomes such as criminal behaviour, academic achievement and well-being from late adolescence/early adulthood. RESULTS The model that included specific factors for internalising/externalising and a general psychopathology factor capturing variance shared between symptoms regardless of their classification fits well for all of the cohorts. As hypothesised, general psychopathology factor scores were predictive of all outcomes of later functioning, while specific internalising factor scores predicted later internalising outcomes. Specific externalising factor scores, capturing variance not shared by any other psychological symptoms, were not predictive of later outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Early symptoms of psychopathology carry information that is syndrome-specific as well as indicative of general vulnerability and the informant reporting on the child. The 'general psychopathology factor' might be more relevant for long-term outcomes than specific symptoms. These findings emphasise the importance of considering the co-occurrence of common internalising and externalising problems in childhood when considering long-term impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Sallis
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol StudiesSchool of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Eszter Szekely
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General HospitalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Alexander Neumann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Marinus van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child StudiesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Primary Care UnitSchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Celia M.T. Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General HospitalMontréalQCCanada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational HealthMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Departments of Oncology and Human GeneticsMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalQCCanada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics & PsychobiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Singapore Institute for Clinical SciencesSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Meir Steiner
- Women's Health Concerns ClinicSt. Joseph's HealthcareHamiltonONCanada
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences and Obstetrics & GynecologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Ashley Wazana
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General HospitalMontréalQCCanada
- Centre for Child Development and Mental HealthJewish General HospitalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Rebecca M. Pearson
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Jonathan Evans
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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26
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Goldmann JM, Veltman JA, Gilissen C. De Novo Mutations Reflect Development and Aging of the Human Germline. Trends Genet 2019; 35:828-839. [PMID: 31610893 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human germline de novo mutations (DNMs) are both a driver of evolution and an important cause of genetic diseases. In the past few years, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of parent-offspring trios has facilitated the large-scale detection and study of human DNMs, which has led to exciting discoveries. The overarching theme of all of these studies is that the DNMs of an individual are a complex mixture of mutations that arise through different biological processes acting at different times during human development and life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Goldmann
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J A Veltman
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Motz M, Andrews NCZ, Bondi BC, Leslie M, Pepler DJ. Addressing the Impact of Interpersonal Violence in Women Who Struggle with Substance Use Through Developmental-Relational Strategies in a Community Program. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16214197. [PMID: 31671516 PMCID: PMC6862384 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
From a developmental–relational framework, substance use in women can be understood as relating to early experiences of violence in relationships and across development. This article uses a developmental-relational approach to outline specific strategies that can be used by service providers and to guide interventions for women with substance use issues. By reviewing research and clinical work with women attending a community-based prevention and early intervention program, we describe how specific components of programming can target the developmental and intergenerational pathway between experiences of violence in relationships and substance use. We include the voices of women who attended the program to support the strategies discussed. Specifically, these strategies address the impact of interpersonal violence on substance use by promoting the process of repair and reintegration for women whose neurological development, sense of self, and capacity to form relationships have been significantly impacted by experiences of violence in relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Motz
- Early Intervention Department, Mothercraft, 860 Richmond Street West, Toronto, ON M6J 1C9, Canada.
| | - Naomi C Z Andrews
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Bianca C Bondi
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Margaret Leslie
- Early Intervention Department, Mothercraft, 860 Richmond Street West, Toronto, ON M6J 1C9, Canada.
| | - Debra J Pepler
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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28
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Bigoni A, Ferreira Antunes JL, Weiderpass E, Kjærheim K. Describing mortality trends for major cancer sites in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil and an ecological study of its causes. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:940. [PMID: 31604464 PMCID: PMC6788078 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazil, 211 thousand (16.14%) of all death certificates in 2016 identified cancer as the underlying cause of death, and it is expected that around 320 thousand will receive a cancer diagnosis in 2019. We aimed to describe trends of cancer mortality from 1996 to 2016, in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil, and to discuss macro-regional differences of trends by human development and healthcare provision. METHODS This ecological study assessed georeferenced official data on population and mortality, health spending, and healthcare provision from Brazilian governmental agencies. The regional office of the United Nations Development Program provided data on the Human Development Index in Brazil. Deaths by misclassified or unspecified causes (garbage codes) were redistributed proportionally to known causes. Age-standardized mortality rates used the world population as reference. Prais-Winsten autoregression allowed calculating trends for each region, sex and cancer type. RESULTS Trends were predominantly on the increase in the North and Northeast, whereas they were mainly decreasing or stationary in the South, Southeast, and Center-West. Also, the variation of trends within intermediate regions was more pronounced in the North and Northeast. Intermediate regions with higher human development, government health spending, and hospital beds had more favorable trends for all cancers and many specific cancer types. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of cancer trends in the country reflect differences in human development and the provision of health resources across the regions. Increasing trends of cancer mortality in low-income Brazilian regions can overburden their already fragile health infrastructure. Improving the healthcare provision and reducing socioeconomic disparities can prevent increasing trends of mortality by all cancers and specific cancer types in Brazilian more impoverished regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bigoni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Pacaembu, Sao Paulo, SP CEP: 01246-904 Brazil
| | - José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Pacaembu, Sao Paulo, SP CEP: 01246-904 Brazil
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), WHO, Lyon, France
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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29
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Nyatanga B. Death as the final phase of development. Br J Community Nurs 2019; 24:503. [PMID: 31604055 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.10.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Nyatanga
- Senior Lecturer, Three Counties School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Worcester
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Abstract
Researchers have made repeated calls for a better understanding of normative sexuality development during adolescence and young adulthood. We examined how the occurrence of seven penetrative, nonpenetrative, and contraceptive behaviors changed longitudinally across seven waves, and how individual (gender) and contextual (romantic relationship status) factors related to these changes in a sample of college students (N = 730, M age = 18.4 at Semester 1; 51% female; 26% Hispanic/Latino American, 22% Black/African American, 30% Asian American/Pacific Islander, 45% White/European American). Across college, reported kissing, touching, performing and receiving oral sex, and penetrative sex rates increased, and contraception use (any type) and condom use (in particular) rates decreased, demonstrating changes with age independent of young adults' romantic relationship experiences. Rates of all sexual behaviors were higher, and of contraception use lower, when students were in serious romantic relationships. Contraception use decreased more for men than for women, particularly in semesters men were not in serious relationships. Condom use decreased for men, and for women in semesters they were in serious relationships. Findings demonstrate normative trends in sexuality development, as well as suggesting the value of enhanced sexual health promotion programming, with a particular focus on contraceptive behaviors, across college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S. Lefkowitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Rd., Unit 1058, Storrs, CT 06269-1058, USA, , Phone: 860-486-6420
| | - Sara A. Vasilenko
- The Methodology Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Rose Wesche
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Maggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Petker TD, Halladay J, Vedelago L, Ferro MA, Tucker J, Goldman MS, Murphy JG, MacKillop J. Predictors of aging out of heavy episodic drinking in emerging adults: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2019; 8:230. [PMID: 31484558 PMCID: PMC6724318 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy episodic drinking (HED) refers to alcohol consumption that exceeds the recommended threshold for a given episode and increases risk for diverse negative alcohol-related consequences. A pattern of weekly HED is most prevalent in emerging adults (i.e., age 18-25). However, rates of HED consistently decline in the mid to late twenties, referred to as 'aging out' or 'maturing out' of HED. Although many individual studies have followed changes in drinking behaviour over the transition to adulthood, there has yet to be a systematic review to identify consistent factors contributing to risk (i.e. failure to age out) and protection (i.e. successful aging out). The objective of this review will be to summarize and critically appraise the literature on factors contributing to aging out of HED among emerging adults. METHODS A systematic search of observational cohort studies following drinking behaviours in age cohorts overlapping with the emerging adulthood period will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, and CINAHL. Two independent reviewers will evaluate identified studies for inclusion eligibility, extract study data, and assess the quality of included studies. Primary outcomes will be quantity/frequency of alcohol use (e.g. drinks/week) and severity of alcohol-related problems. Predictors of maturing out of HED will be reported narratively, and where appropriate, random effects meta-analyses will be conducted to provide pooled effect sizes. An evidence map will be created to characterize the overall pattern of findings. DISCUSSION This systematic review will provide a timely and warranted summary of published work contributing to understanding aging out of heavy episodic drinking. Our findings will provide critical commentary on the developmental course of HED during the transition from adolescence to adulthood and will be the first review to consider both protective and risk factors for maturing out of frequent binge drinking. By highlighting factors identifying those at-risk for prolonged heavy episodic drinking, our conclusions will have important treatment implications for primary, secondary, and tertiary intervention strategies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017078436 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashia D. Petker
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jillian Halladay
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Lana Vedelago
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Mark A. Ferro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario Canada
| | - Jalie Tucker
- Department of Health Education and Behaviour, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Mark S. Goldman
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - James G. Murphy
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Sheffler JL, Piazza JR, Quinn JM, Sachs-Ericsson NJ, Stanley IH. Adverse childhood experiences and coping strategies: identifying pathways to resiliency in adulthood. Anxiety Stress Coping 2019; 32:594-609. [PMID: 31288568 PMCID: PMC6824267 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1638699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined whether coping strategies mediate the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adult psychiatric and physical health outcomes. METHODS Data were drawn from wave I (N = 7108), wave II (N = 4963), and wave III (N = 3294) of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) Survey. An ACE count was created using seven aspects of early adversity based on prior literature. Coping variables were created using subscales of the COPE inventory. Psychiatric and health outcomes were assessed at baseline and at the 20-year follow-up. Bootstrapping mediation analyses were conducted using MPLUS to examine the link between ACEs and health outcomes and to determine if coping strategies mediate these relationships. RESULTS Results of path analyses in Mplus showed that ACEs, reported at Wave I, were associated with worse psychiatric and physical health outcomes at Wave III. ACEs at Wave I were associated with greater use of avoidant emotion-focused coping and lower use of problem-focused strategies at Wave II. Avoidant emotion-focused coping at Wave II partially mediated the relationship between ACEs, reported at Wave I, and psychiatric and physical health outcomes reported at Wave III. No significant mediation was detected for problem-focused coping. CONCLUSIONS Coping strategies may be an important point target for prevention or intervention for individuals who have experienced ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Sheffler
- a Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Jennifer R Piazza
- b Department of Public Health, California State University , Fullerton , CA , USA
| | - Jamie M Quinn
- c Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | | | - Ian H Stanley
- d Department of Psychology, Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
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Fetvadjiev VH, He J. The longitudinal links of personality traits, values, and well-being and self-esteem: A five-wave study of a nationally representative sample. J Pers Soc Psychol 2019; 117:448-464. [PMID: 30394770 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia He
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University
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Lee TH, Sung WW, Chan L, Lee HL, Chen SL, Huang YH, Kwan AL. The Association between Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios and Health Expenditures in Brain and Nervous System Cancers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16152739. [PMID: 31370357 PMCID: PMC6696604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) are alternative parameters used to evaluate the prognosis of a disease. In addition, MIRs are associated with the ranking of health care systems and expenditures for certain types of cancer. However, a lack of association between MIRs and pancreatic cancer has been noted. Given the poor prognosis of brain and nervous system cancers, similar to pancreatic cancer, the relation of MIRs and health care disparities is worth investigating. We used the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (CC) to analyze the correlation between the MIRs in brain and nervous system cancers and inter-country disparities, including expenditures on health and human development index. Interestingly, the MIRs in brain and nervous system cancers are associated with the human development index score (N = 157, CC = -0.394, p < 0.001), current health expenditure (CHE) per capita (N = 157, CC = -0.438, p < 0.001), and CHE as percentage of gross domestic product (N = 157, CC = -0.245, p = 0.002). In conclusion, the MIRs in the brain and nervous system cancer are significantly associated with health expenditures and human development index. However, their role as an indicator of health disparity warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Lang Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
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Pacheco JPG, Silveira JB, Ferreira RPC, Lo K, Schineider JR, Giacomin HTA, Tam WWS. Gender inequality and depression among medical students: A global meta-regression analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 111:36-43. [PMID: 30665010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious mental health problem with a high prevalence among medical students. It is unclear whether a gender disparity of depression exists in this population, and whether gender inequality influences depression estimates by gender. We conducted a systematic search for published systematic reviews or meta-analyses in six databases and primary studies were obtained from those records. Studies were included if they contained original data on the prevalence of depression among male and female medical students. The Gender Inequality Index (GII) and the Human Development Index (HDI) were obtained from the United Nations Development Programme website. A random effects meta-analysis of the odds ratio for depression between females and males was conducted. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of GII and prevalence of depression. The HDI was later incorporated in a multivariable model. We included a total of 106 studies and 84,119 students from 32 different countries. Female medical students are at higher odds of depression (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.17-1.44, p < 0.01). A significant correlation was found between GII and prevalence of depression for female (β = 0.24, p = 0.02) medical students, but not for male medical students. This association remained significant after adjusting for HDI. The female gender was associated with higher prevalence of depression in this population. The gender disparity in depression may be explained by the effect of gender inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Júlia Belizário Silveira
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória, Brazil.
| | | | - Kenneth Lo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, USA.
| | | | | | - Wilson Wai San Tam
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Abstract
It is becoming clear that to truly understand what it is to be human, focusing scientific efforts on the mind alone is insufficient. We are embodied minds, living and acting in a world full of meaningful things. In this article, we discuss how science has been informed by important research insights into the close relationship between the body, the mind, and the world. These interactions can be translated into embodied perspectives of human development. We provide evidence that perception, cognition, emotion, human relations, and behavior are grounded in our bodies from the beginning of our lives. From this perspective, the body cannot be assumed to be simply an effector for cognition or an instrument for collecting information for the brain. This comprehensive review and debate of embodied-related literature is accompanied by the identification of theoretical challenges and practical applications that will shape research for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marmeleira
- 1 Department of Sport and Health, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Portugal
- 2 Comprehensive Health Research Centre, University of Évora, Portugal
- 3 Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Portugal
| | - Graça Duarte Santos
- 4 Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Évora, Portugal
- 5 Research Center in Education and Psychology, University of Évora, Portugal
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Gattario KH, Frisén A. From negative to positive body image: Men's and women's journeys from early adolescence to emerging adulthood. Body Image 2019; 28:53-65. [PMID: 30583277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the developmental journeys of individuals who have overcome negative body image in early adolescence and developed positive body image on their way to emerging adulthood. Interviews were conducted with 15 women and 16 men (aged 26-27) recruited from a large longitudinal sample. Results demonstrated different patterns of positive body image development, but most participants had overcome their negative body image by age 18. Factors contributing to their negative body image in early adolescence included negative peer influence and discontent with life in general. Turning points included finding a new social context, experiencing agency and empowerment, and using cognitive strategies to improve body image. Characteristics of the participants' current positive body image coincided with established features of positive body image; novel findings were that the women were more likely to think of positive body image as needing constant work to maintain and were also more likely to have a feminist identity, whereas the men were more likely to try to improve their body shape and perceive their body as resembling the ideal. In conclusion, body image interventions need to target not only matters related to physical appearance but also adolescents' general sense of belonging, agency, and empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Frisén
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gorey C, Kuhns L, Smaragdi E, Kroon E, Cousijn J. Age-related differences in the impact of cannabis use on the brain and cognition: a systematic review. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:37-58. [PMID: 30680487 PMCID: PMC6394430 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-00981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The impact of cannabis on the adolescent compared to adult brain is of interest to researchers and society alike. From a theoretical perspective, adolescence represents a period of both risk and resilience to the harms of cannabis use and cannabis use disorders. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a critical examination of the moderating role of age on the relationship between cannabis use and cognition. To this end, we reviewed human and animal studies that formally tested whether age, adolescent or adult, changes the relationship between cannabis exposure and cognitive outcomes. While the results of this review do not offer a conclusive answer on the role of age, the novel review question, along with the inclusion of both human and animal work, has allowed for the formation of new hypotheses to be addressed in future work. First, general executive functioning seems to be more impaired in adolescent frequent cannabis users compared to adult frequent cannabis users. Second, age-effects may be most prominent among very heavy and dependent users. Third, craving and inhibitory control may not decrease as much post-intoxication in adolescents compared to adults. Lastly, adolescents' vulnerability to reduced learning following cannabis use may not persist after sustained abstinence. If these hypotheses prove correct, it could lead to important developments in policy and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gorey
- Department of Psychology, Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Research Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. box 15916, 1001 NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dynamics of Externalizing (DEXTER) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lauren Kuhns
- Department of Psychology, Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Research Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. box 15916, 1001 NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleni Smaragdi
- Department of Psychology, Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Research Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. box 15916, 1001 NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emese Kroon
- Department of Psychology, Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Research Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. box 15916, 1001 NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Department of Psychology, Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Research Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. box 15916, 1001 NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Nowadays, typewriting has become an important mode of written communication. A report that typewriting may hinder Chinese children's reading development has sparked substantial concern about whether typing on electronic devices would increase the rate of reading disorders, wherein children used a pronunciation-based input system that associates alphabet letters with phonemes in standard Chinese (Putonghua) and may conflict with the traditional visuomotor-based learning processes for written Chinese. If orthographic-based input methods that require good awareness of the orthographic structure of characters are used, different outcomes might be observed. This study examined the impact of participants' experience in different typewriting methods on the literacy abilities of fluent Chinese-English bilingual readers. We found that orthographic-based typewriting measures correlated positively with Chinese reading measures, whereas pronunciation-based typewriting measures did not correlate with Chinese reading measures but correlated positively with English reading and spelling performance. Orthographic-based typewriters also performed better than pronunciation-based typewriters in Chinese reading and dictation when their age, typewriting skills and pre-University language ability were statistically controlled. Our findings based on two contrastive writing systems suggest that typewriting methods that tally with the learning principles of a writing system should be used to promote and preserve literacy skills in the digital era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ting Siok
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Chun Yin Liu
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
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Pereira FA, de Mendonça IA, Werneck RI, Moysés ST, Gabardo MC, Moysés SJ. Human Development Index, Ratio of Dentists and Inhabitants, and the Decayed, Missing or Filled Teeth Index in Large Cities. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:1363-1369. [PMID: 30602642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the associations between human development and the demographic ratio of dentists with the prevalence of dental caries at 12 years of age in large Brazilian cities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from 27 state capitals, Secondary databases were used: the municipal human development index (MDHI); the ratio of dentists qualified to exercise their profession according to the number of inhabitants; and the decayed, missing or filled teeth index (DMFT). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and multiple logarithmic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS The MDHI showed a strong correlation with DMFT and explained 48.1% of the variation in the cities. The ratio of dentists to the number of inhabitants displayed an insignificant, weak correlation with the variations in the DMFT. CONCLUSION Social factors strongly influence the oral health/ disease process in Brazilian capitals, thus actions are needed for the promotion of health at more distal, or structural levels that modify the environment, thus enabling healthier choices for individuals. These results challenge traditional beliefs that only the ratio of professional dentists to inhabitants and the provision of dental services have beneficial effects on the prevention and control of oral health problems. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The prevalence of dental caries is strongly correlated with social factors, as the MDHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio A Pereira
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Iranilda A de Mendonça
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata I Werneck
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Simone T Moysés
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marilisa Cl Gabardo
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, Phone: +55 41 3526-5121, e-mail:
| | - Samuel J Moysés
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Keenan K, Hipwell AE, Class QA, Mbayiwa K. Extending the developmental origins of disease model: Impact of preconception stress exposure on offspring neurodevelopment. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:753-764. [PMID: 30144041 PMCID: PMC6342272 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the developmental origins of health and disease via prenatal programming has informed many etiologic models of health and development. Extensive experimental research in non-human animal models has revealed the impact of in utero exposure to stress on fetal development and neurodevelopment later in life. Stress exposure, however, is unlikely to occur de novo following conception, and pregnancy health is not independent of the health of the system prior to conception. For these reasons, the preconception period is emerging as an important new focus for research on adverse birth outcomes and offspring neurodevelopment. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence for the role of preconception stress exposure on pregnancy health and offspring neurodevelopment across species and discuss the implications of this model for addressing health disparities in obstetrics and offspring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Quetzal A Class
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kimberley Mbayiwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Brewer SE, Nicotera N, Veeh C, Laser-Maira JA. Predictors of positive development in first-year college students. J Am Coll Health 2018; 66:720-730. [PMID: 29447616 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1440567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging adulthood is an important phase in the transition to adulthood. Emerging adults experience minimal social control and incomplete development of executive functioning leaving this age-group at risk for misusing this newfound independence. Hence, it is important to understand pathways to support positive development (PD) outcomes. In this study, we examined the relationship between participation in civically engaged learning and PD among first-year college students. PARTICIPANTS First-year college students (N = 225) were surveyed during the 2012-2013 academic year. METHODS Students were surveyed on measures of PD and engaged learning prior to the beginning (initial survey) and at the end of the first year (final survey) of their undergraduate education. Stepwise linear regression was used to examine the influence of engaged learning on PD outcomes. RESULTS Engaged learning during the academic year predicted flourishing and students' civic frequency. Also, faith-affiliation and parents' civic frequency contributed to students' civic frequency. CONCLUSIONS Our interpretation of the findings suggests that engaged learning and family role modeling may promote PD among first-year undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Brewer
- a University of Colorado Denver , Department of Family Medicine, ACCORDS , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Nicole Nicotera
- b University of Denver, Graduate School of Social Work , Denver , Colorado USA
| | - Chrisopher Veeh
- c University of Iowa, School of Social Work , Iowa City, Iowa , USA
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Kandolf Sekulovic L, Guo J, Agarwala S, Hauschild A, McArthur G, Cinat G, Wainstein A, Caglevic C, Lorigan P, Gogas H, Alvarez M, Duncombe R, Lebbe C, Peris K, Rutkowski P, Stratigos A, Forsea AM, De La Cruz Merino L, Kukushkina M, Dummer R, Hoeller C, Gorry C, Bastholt L, Herceg D, Neyns B, Vieira R, Arenberger P, Bylaite-Bucinskiene M, Babovic N, Banjin M, Putnik K, Todorovic V, Kirov K, Ocvirk J, Zhukavets A, Ymeri A, Stojkovski I, Garbe C. Access to innovative medicines for metastatic melanoma worldwide: Melanoma World Society and European Association of Dermato-oncology survey in 34 countries. Eur J Cancer 2018; 104:201-209. [PMID: 30388700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
According to data from recent studies from Europe, a large percentage of patients have restricted access to innovative medicines for metastatic melanoma. Melanoma World Society and European Association of Dermato-oncology conducted a Web-based survey on access to first-line recommended treatments for metastatic melanoma by current guidelines (National Comprehensive Center Network, European Society for Medical Oncology [ESMO] and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/European Association of Dermato-oncology/European dermatology Forum) among melanoma experts from 27 European countries, USA, China, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico from September 1st, 2017 to July 1st, 2018. Data on licencing and reimbursement of medicines and the number of patient treated were correlated with the data on health expenditure per capita (HEPC), Mackenbach score of health policy performance, health technology assessment (HTA), ASCO and ESMO Magnitude of clinical benefit scale (ESMO MCBS) scores of clinical benefit and market price of medicines. Regression analysis for evaluation of correlation between the parameters was carried out using SPSS software. The estimated number of patients without access in surveyed countries was 13768. The recommended BRAFi + MEKi combination and anti-PD1 immunotherapy were fully reimbursed/covered in 19 of 34 (55.8%) and 17 of 34 (50%) countries, and combination anti-CTLA4+anti-PD1 in was fully covered in 6 of 34 (17.6%) countries. Median delay in reimbursement was 991 days, and it was in significant correlation with ESMO MCBS (p = 0.02), median market price (p = 0.001), HEPC and Mackenbach scores (p < 0.01). Price negotiations or managed entry agreements (MEAs) with national authorities were necessary for reimbursement. In conclusion, great discrepancy exists in metastatic melanoma treatment globally. Access to innovative medicines is in correlation with economic parameters as well as with healthcare system performance parameters. Patient-oriented drug development, market access and reimbursement pathways must be urgently found.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kandolf Sekulovic
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - J Guo
- Department of Urology and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - S Agarwala
- St. Luke's University Hospital and Temple University, Bethlehem, USA
| | - A Hauschild
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - G McArthur
- Divisions of Research and Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - G Cinat
- Médica Oncóloga Instituto de Oncología Angel Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires Fundación CIDEA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Wainstein
- Institute of Post-graduation, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (FCM-MG) - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - C Caglevic
- Medical Oncology Service, Oncology Department, Clinica Alemana Santiago, Faculty of Medicine Clinica Alemana-Universidad Del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Lorigan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - H Gogas
- 1(st)Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital and 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M Alvarez
- Medico en Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City Area, Mexico
| | - R Duncombe
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - C Lebbe
- APHP Dermatology Department, University Paris 7 Diderot, INSERM U976, PARIS, France
| | - K Peris
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - P Rutkowski
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Stratigos
- 1(st)Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital and 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A-M Forsea
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Elias University Hospital Bucharest, Romania
| | - L De La Cruz Merino
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - R Dummer
- UniversitätsSpital Zürich-Skin Cancer Center, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Hoeller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gorry
- National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics, Old Stone Building, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - L Bastholt
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - D Herceg
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Neyns
- Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Vieira
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Arenberger
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Charles University 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - N Babovic
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Banjin
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - K Putnik
- North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - V Todorovic
- Clinic for Oncology and Radiotherapy, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - K Kirov
- Clinic of Oncodermatology, National Cancer Center, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - J Ocvirk
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Zhukavets
- Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (BelMAPE), Minsk, Belarus
| | - A Ymeri
- University Hospital Mother Theresa, Tirana, Albania
| | - I Stojkovski
- University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - C Garbe
- Centre for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
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Rauen KA, Schoyer L, Schill L, Stronach B, Albeck J, Andresen BS, Cavé H, Ellis M, Fruchtman SM, Gelb BD, Gibson CC, Gripp K, Hefner E, Huang WYC, Itkin M, Kerr B, Linardic CM, McMahon M, Oberlander B, Perlstein E, Ratner N, Rogers L, Schenck A, Shankar S, Shvartsman S, Stevenson DA, Stites EC, Stork PJS, Sun C, Therrien M, Ullian EM, Widemann BC, Yeh E, Zampino G, Zenker M, Timmer W, McCormick F. Proceedings of the fifth international RASopathies symposium: When development and cancer intersect. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2924-2929. [PMID: 30302932 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This report summarizes and highlights the fifth International RASopathies Symposium: When Development and Cancer Intersect, held in Orlando, Florida in July 2017. The RASopathies comprise a recognizable pattern of malformation syndromes that are caused by germ line mutations in genes that encode components of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Because of their common underlying pathogenetic etiology, there is significant overlap in their phenotypic features, which includes craniofacial dysmorphology, cardiac, cutaneous, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and ocular abnormalities, neurological and neurocognitive issues, and a predisposition to cancer. The RAS pathway is a well-known oncogenic pathway that is commonly found to be activated in somatic malignancies. As in somatic cancers, the RASopathies can be caused by various pathogenetic mechanisms that ultimately impact or alter the normal function and regulation of the MAPK pathway. As such, the RASopathies represent an excellent model of study to explore the intersection of the effects of dysregulation and its consequence in both development and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, MIND Institute, Sacramento, California
| | | | | | | | - John Albeck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brage S Andresen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Genetics Department, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Bruce D Gelb
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Karen Gripp
- Departments of Division of Medical Genetics, AI duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Erin Hefner
- Costello Syndrome Family Network, Creve Coeur, Illinois
| | - William Y C Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Martin McMahon
- Departments of McMahon, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Nancy Ratner
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Annette Schenck
- Departments of Ratner, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Suma Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Stanislav Shvartsman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - David A Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Edward C Stites
- Departments of Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Philip J S Stork
- Departments of Stork, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenrative Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc Therrien
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Departments of Peiatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erika Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Departments of Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Zenker
- Departments of Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - William Timmer
- Departments of Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank McCormick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Departments of McCormick, RAS Initiative, Frederick National Lab, Frederick, Maryland
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Abstract
The question how wisdom can best be measured is still open to debate. Currently, there are two groups of wisdom measures: open-ended performance measures and self-report measures. This overview article describes the most popular current measures of wisdom: the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm, the Bremen Wisdom Paradigm, Grossmann's wise-reasoning approach, the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale, the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale, and the Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory. It discusses the specific challenges of both open-ended and self-report approaches with respect to content validity, convergent and divergent validity, concurrent and discriminant validity, and ecological validity. Finally, promising new developments are outlined that may bridge the gap between wisdom as a competence and wisdom as an attitude and increase ecological validity by being more similar to real-life manifestations of wisdom. These new developments include autobiographical approaches and advice-giving paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Glück
- Department of Psychology, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Austria
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Riglin L, Collishaw S, Richards A, Thapar AK, Rice F, Maughan B, O'Donovan MC, Thapar A. The impact of schizophrenia and mood disorder risk alleles on emotional problems: investigating change from childhood to middle age. Psychol Med 2018; 48:2153-2158. [PMID: 29239291 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies find that both schizophrenia and mood disorder risk alleles contribute to adult depression and anxiety. Emotional problems (depression or anxiety) begin in childhood and show strong continuities into adult life; this suggests that symptoms are the manifestation of the same underlying liability across different ages. However, other findings suggest that there are developmental differences in the etiology of emotional problems at different ages. To our knowledge, no study has prospectively examined the impact of psychiatric risk alleles on emotional problems at different ages in the same individuals. METHODS Data were analyzed using regression-based analyses in a prospective, population-based UK cohort (the National Child Development Study). Schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) polygenic risk scores (PRS) were derived from published Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association studies. Emotional problems were assessed prospectively at six time points from age 7 to 42 years. RESULTS Schizophrenia PRS were associated with emotional problems from childhood [age 7, OR 1.09 (1.03-1.15), p = 0.003] to mid-life [age 42, OR 1.10 (1.05-1.17), p < 0.001], while MDD PRS were associated with emotional problems only in adulthood [age 42, OR 1.06 (1.00-1.11), p = 0.034; age 7, OR 1.03 (0.98-1.09), p = 0.228]. CONCLUSIONS Our prospective investigation suggests that early (childhood) emotional problems in the general population share genetic risk with schizophrenia, while later (adult) emotional problems also share genetic risk with MDD. The results suggest that the genetic architecture of depression/anxiety is not static across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Riglin
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University,Cardiff,UK
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University,Cardiff,UK
| | - Alexander Richards
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University,Cardiff,UK
| | - Ajay K Thapar
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University,Cardiff,UK
| | - Frances Rice
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University,Cardiff,UK
| | - Barbara Maughan
- MRC Social,Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University,Cardiff,UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University,Cardiff,UK
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Grov C, Rendina HJ, Parsons JT. Birth Cohort Differences in Sexual Identity Development Milestones Among HIV-Negative Gay and Bisexual Men in the United States. J Sex Res 2018; 55:984-994. [PMID: 29023144 PMCID: PMC5897223 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1375451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The coming-out process for gay and bisexual men (GBM) involves crossing sexual identity development (SID) milestones: (1) self-awareness of sexual attraction to the same sex, (2) self-acceptance of an identity as gay or bisexual, (3) disclosure of this sexual identity to others, and (4) having sex with someone of the same sex. We examined trends in SID milestones by birth cohort in a 2015 U.S. national sample of GBM (n = 1,023). Birth cohort was independent of when men first felt sexually attracted to someone of the same sex (median age 11 to 12). However, with the exception of age of first same-sex attraction, older cohorts tended to pass other milestones at later ages than younger cohorts. Latent class analysis (LCA) of SID milestone patterns identified three subgroups. The majority (84%) began sexual identity development with same-sex attraction around the onset of puberty (i.e., around age 10) and progressed to self-identification, same-sex sexual activity, and coming out-in that order. The other two classes felt same-sex attraction during teen years (ages 12.5 to 18.0) but achieved the remaining SID milestones later in life. For 13% of men, this was during early adulthood; for 3% of men, this was in middle adulthood. Findings highlight the need to monitor ongoing generational differences in passing SID milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grov
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY
- Hunter College Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), New York, NY
| | - H. Jonathon Rendina
- Hunter College Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), New York, NY
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY
- Health Psychology and Clinical Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey T. Parsons
- Hunter College Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), New York, NY
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY
- Health Psychology and Clinical Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY
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Franco-Herrera D, González-Ocampo D, Restrepo-Montoya V, Gómez-Guevara JE, Alvear-Villacorte N, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Relationship between malaria epidemiology and the human development index in Colombia and Latin America. Infez Med 2018; 26:255-262. [PMID: 30246769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis includes three clinical entities: tuberculous meningitis, intracranial tuberculoma, and spinal tuberculous arachnoiditis. All three categories are encountered frequently in regions of the world where the incidence of TB is high. Meningeal tuberculosis is a medical emergency: it is the most severe, lethal and disabling form of tuberculosis. Early diagnosis and treatment can be lifesaving. Even, in developed countries the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis is difficult, frequently delayed or missed, and is often not microbiologically confirmed. Here I report a case of miliary tuberculosis, in a patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, but without HIV infection. Although the patient had regular contact with healthcare staff (hemodialysis), miliary tuberculosis diagnosis was considerably delayed. This patient, subsequently evolved into tuberculous meningitis. In spite of quadruple anti-tuberculosis treatment, corticosteroids, and general supportive care, this case resulted in death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Franco-Herrera
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Daniela González-Ocampo
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Valentina Restrepo-Montoya
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Juan Esteban Gómez-Guevara
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Alvear-Villacorte
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia;Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, UniFranz, Cochabamba, Bolivia
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Mizel ML, Abrams LS. What I'd Tell My 16-Year-Old Self: Criminal Desistance, Young Adults, and Psychosocial Maturation. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2018; 62:3038-3057. [PMID: 29094621 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x17738064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study qualitatively explored how young adult men on probation or parole view the components of psychosocial maturation that contribute to criminal desistance. The authors conducted nine focus groups with 40 men on probation or parole, including seven groups with men aged 18 to 25 years. Two additional focus groups were conducted with older men (ages 29-60 years) to refine our evolving understanding. According to the participants, psychosocial maturation processes of personal growth, learning from mistakes, considering consequences before acting, developing and executing long-range plans, improving peer associations, and recognizing and responding to a motivating event all contributed to their desire to change their course of criminal offending. These components map well onto existing theories of psychosocial maturation and criminal desistance and lend further insight into how young adult men perceive the psychological, emotional, and cognitive factors that can support their desistance goals.
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50
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Abstract
Life events refer to status changes in important demographic variables, such as employment or marital status. Life events offer an interesting opportunity for studying transactions between environmental changes and personality traits, which are of relevance for diverging theories about the role of environmental factors in life span personality development. Yet in spite of the potential importance of life events for personality development, nuanced and sufficiently powered longitudinal designs with frequent assessments of life events and personality traits are lacking. The current study aims to address this gap by examining the associations between different life events and personality trait change, using data from a large, nationally representative, and prospective longitudinal study. Results demonstrated a number of selection effects, indicating that personality traits affect the likelihood that individuals experience certain types of life events. Less frequently, results indicated average effects of life events on personality trait development, both in anticipation of a life event change as well as resulting from it. However, some of these event-related changes ran counter to the notion that personality maturity increases as a result of adopting mature social roles, like parenthood or paid employment. Furthermore, we found significant variation around average event-related trajectories, suggesting that individuals differ in their reactions to life events. Theoretical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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