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Ge S, Wang L, Jin C, Xie H, Zheng G, Cui Z, Zhang C. Unveiling the neuroprotection effects of Volvalerenic acid A: Mitochondrial fusion induction via IDO1-mediated Stat3-Opa1 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155555. [PMID: 38579641 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Studies have suggested that cerebral ischemia induces massive mitochondrial damage. Valerianic acid A (VaA) is the main active ingredient of valerianic acid with neuroprotective activity. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of VaA with ischemic stroke and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHOD In this study, we established the oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) cell model and the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) animal model in vitro and in vivo. Neurological behavior score, 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) Staining were used to detect the neuroprotection of VaA in MCAO/R rats. Also, the levels of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activities of NAD+ were detected to reflect mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, gene knockout experiments, transfection experiments, immunofluorescence, DARTS, and molecular dynamics simulation experiments showed that VaA bound to IDO1 regulated the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism and prevented Stat3 dephosphorylation, promoting Stat3 activation and subsequent transcription of the mitochondrial fusion-related gene Opa1. RESULTS We showed that VaA decreased the infarct volume in a dose-dependent manner and exerted neuroprotective effects against reperfusion injury. Furthermore, VaA promoted Opa1-related mitochondrial fusion and reversed neuronal mitochondrial damage and loss after reperfusion injury. In SH-SY5Y cells, VaA (5, 10, 20 μM) exerted similar protective effects against OGD/R-induced injury. We then examined the expression of significant enzymes regulating the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway of the ipsilateral brain tissue of the ischemic stroke rat model, and these enzymes may play essential roles in ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we found that VaA can bind to the initial rate-limiting enzyme IDO1 in the Kyn pathway and prevent Stat3 phosphorylation, promoting Stat3 activation and subsequent transcription of the mitochondrial fusion-related gene Opa1. Using in vivo IDO1 knockdown and in vitro IDO1 overexpressing models, we demonstrated that the promoted mitochondrial fusion and neuroprotective effects of VaA were IDO1-dependent. CONCLUSION VaA administration improved neurological function by promoting mitochondrial fusion through the IDO1-mediated Stat3-Opa1 pathway, indicating its potential as a therapeutic drug for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchun Ge
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chang Jin
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haifeng Xie
- Research and Development Department, Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Hui Y, Zhao J, Yu Z, Wang Y, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Xing Y, Han M, Wang A, Guo S, Yuan J, Zhao Y, Ning X, Sun S. The Role of Tryptophan Metabolism in the Occurrence and Progression of Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300218. [PMID: 37691068 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common kidney diseases in clinics with high morbidity and mortality, but their pathogenesis is intricate. Tryptophan (Trp) is a fundamental amino acid for humans, and its metabolism produces various bioactive substances involved in the pathophysiology of AKI and CKD. Metabolomic studies manifest that Trp metabolites like kynurenine (KYN), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and indoxyl sulfate (IS) increase in AKI or CKD and act as biomarkers that facilitate the early identification of diseases. Meanwhile, KYN and IS act as ligands to exacerbate kidney damage by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signal transduction. The reduction of renal function can cause the accumulation of Trp metabolites which in turn accelerate the progression of AKI or CKD. Besides, gut dysbiosis induces the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae family to produce excessive IS, which cannot be excreted due to the deterioration of renal function. The application of Trp metabolism as a target in AKI and CKD will also be elaborated. Thus, this study aims to elucidate Trp metabolism in the development of AKI and CKD, and explores the relative treatment strategies by targeting Trp from the perspective of metabolomics to provide a reference for their diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Hui
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zixian Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Yunlong Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Nephrology, 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistical Support Force (Bethune International Peace Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050082, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Anjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Shuxian Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jinguo Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yueru Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ning
- Department of Geriatric, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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Curran CS, Kopp JB. The complexity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), hypoxic, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor cell signaling in chronic kidney disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:706. [PMID: 37814337 PMCID: PMC10563221 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-stage detection of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is important to treatment that may slow and occasionally halt CKD progression. CKD of diverse etiologies share similar histologic patterns of glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Macro-vascular disease and micro-vascular disease promote tissue ischemia, contributing to injury. Tissue ischemia promotes hypoxia, and this in turn activates the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). HIF-1α and HIF-2α, share a dimer partner, HIF-1β, with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and are each activated in CKD and associated with kidney cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) depletion. The Preiss-Handler, salvage, and de novo pathways regulate NAD biosynthesis and gap-junctions regulate NAD cellular retention. In the Preiss-Handler pathway, niacin forms NAD. Niacin also exhibits crosstalk with HIF and AHR cell signals in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, which is a complication in CKD. Dysregulated enzyme activity in the NAD de novo pathway increases the levels of circulating tryptophan metabolites that activate AHR, resulting in poly-ADP ribose polymerase activation, thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, and immunosuppression. Therapeutically, metabolites from the NAD salvage pathway increase NAD production and subsequent sirtuin deacetylase activity, resulting in reduced activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I, p53, NF-κB and SMAD2 but increased activation of FOXO1, PGC-1α, and DNA methyltransferase-1. These post-translational responses may also be initiated through non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are additionally altered in CKD. Nanoparticles traverse biological systems and can penetrate almost all tissues as disease biomarkers and drug delivery carriers. Targeted delivery of non-coding RNAs or NAD metabolites with nanoparticles may enable the development of more effective diagnostics and therapies to treat CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Curran
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, BG 10 RM 2C135, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Oe Y, Takahashi N. Tissue Factor, Thrombosis, and Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2737. [PMID: 36359257 PMCID: PMC9687479 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulation abnormalities are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissue factor (TF, factor III) is a master regulator of the extrinsic coagulation system, activating downstream coagulation proteases, such as factor Xa and thrombin, and promoting fibrin formation. TF and coagulation proteases also activate protease-activated receptors (PARs) and are implicated in various organ injuries. Recent studies have shown the mechanisms by which thrombotic tendency is increased under CKD-specific conditions. Uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate and kynurenine, are accumulated in CKD and activate TF and coagulation; in addition, the TF-coagulation protease-PAR pathway enhances inflammation and fibrosis, thereby exacerbating renal injury. Herein, we review the recent research studies to understand the role of TF in increasing the thrombotic risk and CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Oe
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Hong H, Zhou S, Shi H, Li M. Plasma and Urine Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity: Promising Biomarkers for Chronic Kidney Disease and Inflammation Status. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5129-5139. [PMID: 36105386 PMCID: PMC9464777 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s378594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our aim was to determine the relationship between plasma and urine indoleamine 2.3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients and Methods Demographic and clinical parameters, including plasma and urine IDO activity, were recorded in 47 CKD patients and 30 controls. One-way ANOVA with the least significant difference method was used to compare means of variables that had normal distributions and homogeneous variance. Variables with non-normal distributions were log-transformed and compared using the rank sum test Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients were determined. Binary logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression were used to identify independently significant factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. Results The control group had higher levels of hemoglobin and albumin and lower levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN; all P<0.01). The level of highly sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) increased as CKD stage increased (P<0.01). Plasma and urine IDO activity were positively correlated (r=0.7, P<0.01). Plasma IDO activity correlated with age, creatinine, BUN, triglycerides, uric acid, albumin, and hemoglobin (all P<0.05); urine IDO activity correlated with age, BMI, creatinine, BUN, and hemoglobin (all P< 0.05). There were positive correlations of hs-CRP level with plasma IDO activity and urine IDO activity (both P<0.01). After adjusting for CKD-related factors, plasma IDO activity, urine IDO activity, and hs-CRP were independent risk factors for CKD (all P<0.05). Ordinal logistic regression also indicated that plasma and urine IDO activity were significantly associated with CKD stage. ROC analysis indicated that plasma and urine IDO activity were good predictors of CKD and distinguished different stages of CKD. There was a strong correlation between plasma IDO activity and inflammatory status in patients with CKD (OR=1258.908, P<0.01). Conclusion Plasma and urine IDO activity have potential use as biomarkers for early-stage CKD, progression of CKD, and inflammation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hong
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, People's Republic of China
| | - Suya Zhou
- Laboratory Nephrology, Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haimin Shi
- Laboratory Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Laboratory Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, People's Republic of China
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Ouyang L, Yu C, Xie Z, Su X, Xu Z, Song P, Li J, Huang H, Ding Y, Zou MH. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Deletion-Mediated Kynurenine Insufficiency in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Exacerbates Arterial Calcification. Circulation 2022; 145:1784-1798. [PMID: 35582948 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for tryptophan metabolism. IDO1 malfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with an osteogenic phenotype promote calcification and features of plaque instability. However, it remains unclear whether aberrant IDO1-regulated tryptophan metabolism causes VSMCs osteogenic reprogramming and calcification. METHODS We generated global Apoe (apolipoprotein E) and Ido1 double knockout mice, and Apoe knockout mice with specific deletion of IDO1 in VSMCs or macrophages. Arterial intimal calcification was evaluated by a Western diet-induced atherosclerotic calcification model. RESULTS Global deficiency of IDO1 boosted calcific lesion formation without sex bias in vivo. Conditional IDO1 loss of function in VSMCs rather than macrophages promoted calcific lesion development and the abundance of RUNX2 (runt-related transcription factor 2). In contrast, administration of kynurenine via intraperitoneal injection markedly delayed the progression of intimal calcification in parallel with decreased RUNX2 expression in both Apoe-/- and Apoe-/- Ido1-/- mice. We found that IDO1 deletion restrained RUNX2 from proteasomal degradation, which resulted in enhanced osteogenic reprogramming of VSMCs. Kynurenine administration downregulated RUNX2 in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent manner. Kynurenine acted as the endogenous ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, controlled resultant interactions between cullin 4B and aryl hydrocarbon receptor to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase that bound with RUNX2, and subsequently promoted ubiquitin-mediated instability of RUNX2 in VSMCs. Serum samples from patients with coronary artery calcification had impaired IDO1 activity and decreased kynurenine catabolites compared with those without calcification. CONCLUSIONS Kynurenine, an IDO1-mediated tryptophan metabolism main product, promotes RUNX2 ubiquitination and subsequently leads to its proteasomal degradation via an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent nongenomic pathway. Insufficient kynurenine exerts the deleterious role of IDO1 ablation in promoting RUNX2-mediated VSMCs osteogenic reprogramming and calcification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ouyang
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (L.Q., C.Y., P.S., J.L., Y.D., M.H.Z.)
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (L.Q., C.Y., P.S., J.L., Y.D., M.H.Z.)
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z. Xie, Z. Xu)
| | - Xiaoyan Su
- Department of Nephropathy, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, China (X.S.)
| | - Zengmei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z. Xie, Z. Xu)
| | - Ping Song
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (L.Q., C.Y., P.S., J.L., Y.D., M.H.Z.)
| | - Jian Li
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (L.Q., C.Y., P.S., J.L., Y.D., M.H.Z.)
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.H.)
| | - Ye Ding
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (L.Q., C.Y., P.S., J.L., Y.D., M.H.Z.)
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (L.Q., C.Y., P.S., J.L., Y.D., M.H.Z.)
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