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Gus E, Wang SM, Malic C, Zuccaro J. Routinely collected burn clinical data in Canada: Determining the knowledge gap. Burns 2024; 50:1101-1115. [PMID: 38429127 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Unlike other developed countries that hold national burn registries to monitor burn injury and care, Canada relies on single-centre secondary datasets and administrative databases as surveillance mechanisms. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge gap faced in Canada for not having a dedicated burn registry. A comprehensive scoping review was conducted to identify the burn literature that has arisen from secondary datasets in Canada. Literature of all study designs was included with the exception of case reports and cases series. Once data extraction was concluded, a thematic framework was constructed based on the information that arose from nations that hold national burn registries. Eighty-eight studies were included. Twelve studies arose from national datasets, and 18 from provincial databases, most of which were from Ontario and British Columbia. Only seven studies were conducted using a combination of Canadian units' single-centre datasets. The majority of included studies (58%) resulted from non-collaborative use of single-centre secondary datasets. Research efforts were predominantly conducted by burn units in Ontario, British Columbia, Manitoba and Alberta. A significant number of the included studies were outdated and several provinces/territories had no published burn data whatsoever. Efforts should be made towards the development of systems to surveil burn injury and care in Canada. This study supports the development of a nation-wide burn registry to bridge this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gus
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Sabrina M Wang
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Claudia Malic
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Zuccaro
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Hwang B, Jeong T, Jo J. Relationships between trauma death, disability, and geographic factors: a systematic review. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2023; 10:426-437. [PMID: 37525580 PMCID: PMC10790073 DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trauma is a global health problem. The causes of trauma-related deaths are diverse and may depend in part on socioeconomic and geographical factors; however, there have been few studies addressing such relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between trauma and geographical factors in order to support policy recommendations to reduce trauma-related deaths and disability. METHODS In accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we searched international and Korean databases to retrieve relevant literature published between 2000 and 2020. RESULTS Thirty-two studies showed a positive relationship between the outcomes of major trauma and geographical factors. The study investigated regional factors including economic factors such as size of urban areas, gross domestic product, and poverty rate, as well as hospital parameters, such as presence of trauma centers and number of hospital beds. There was a tendency toward higher mortality rates in rural and low-income areas, and most of the studies reported that the presence of trauma centers reduced trauma-related mortality rates. CONCLUSION Our study showed that geographic factors influence trauma outcomes. The findings suggest geographical considerations be included in care plans to reduce death and disability caused by trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bona Hwang
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Taewook Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Seojeong University, Yanju, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Jo
- Chungcheongbukdo Public Health Policy Institute, Cheongju, Korea
- Korea Paramedic Education Research Society, Seoul, Korea
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Al-Hajj S, Thomas L, Morris S, Clare J, Jennings C, Biantoro C, Garis L, Pike I. Community Fire Risk Reduction: Longitudinal Assessment for HomeSafe Fire Prevention Program in Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6369. [PMID: 37510600 PMCID: PMC10379429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Residential fires represent the third leading cause of unintentional injuries globally. This study aims to offer an overview and a longitudinal evaluation of the HomeSafe program implemented in Surrey in 2008 and to assess its effectiveness in mitigating fire-related outcomes. (2) Methods: Data were collected over a 12-year period (2008-2019). Assessed outcomes comprised frequency of fire incidents, residential fires, casualties, functioning smoke alarms, and contained fires. The effectiveness of each initiative was determined by comparing the specific intervention group outcome and the city-wide outcome to the pre-intervention period. (3) Results: This study targeted 120,349 households. HomeSafe achieved overwhelming success in decreasing fire rates (-80%), increasing functioning smoke alarms (+60%), increasing the percentage of contained fires (+94%), and decreasing fire casualties (-40%). The study findings confirm that the three most effective HomeSafe initiatives were firefighters' visits of households, inspections and installations of smoke alarms, and verifications of fire crew alarms at fire incidents. Some initiatives were less successful, including post-door hangers (+12%) and package distribution (+15%). (4) Conclusions: The HomeSafe program effectively decreased the occurrence and magnitude of residential fires. Lessons learned should be transferred to similar contexts to implement an evidence-based, consistent, and systematic approach to sustainable fire prevention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al-Hajj
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Larry Thomas
- City of Surrey Fire Service, Surrey, BC V3W 4P1, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Clare
- UWA Law School, The University of Western Australia, M253, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Charles Jennings
- Department of Security, Fire, and Emergency Management, John Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | | | - Len Garis
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
- Department of Security, Fire, and Emergency Management, John Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA
- School of Culture, Media, and Society, The University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
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Ghassempour N, Tannous WK, Avsar G, Agho KE, Harvey LA. Estimating the Total Number of Residential Fire-Related Incidents and Underreported Residential Fire Incidents in New South Wales, Australia by Using Linked Administrative Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136921. [PMID: 34203421 PMCID: PMC8296884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rate of fires, and particularly residential fires, is a serious concern in industrialized countries. However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the reported numbers of residential fire incidents as official figures are based on fires reported to fire response agencies only. This population-based study aims to quantify the total number of residential fire incidents regardless of reporting status. The cohort comprised linked person-level data from Fire and Rescue New South Wales (FRNSW) and health system and death records. It included all persons residing at a residential address in New South Wales, Australia, that experienced a fire between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2014. The capture-recapture method was used to estimate the underreporting number of residential fire-related incidents. Over the study period, 43,707 residential fire incidents were reported to FRNSW, and there were 2795 residential fire-related health service utilizations, of which 2380 were not reported. Using the capture-recapture method, the total number of residential fire incidents was estimated at 267,815 to 319,719, which is more than six times the official records. This study found that 15% of residential fire incidents that were identified in health administrative dataset were reported. The residential fire incidents that were not reported occurred mainly in socio-economically disadvantaged areas among males and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargess Ghassempour
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia; (W.K.T.); (G.A.)
- Rozetta Institute, The Rocks, NSW 2000, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - W. Kathy Tannous
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia; (W.K.T.); (G.A.)
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Gulay Avsar
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia; (W.K.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Kingsley E. Agho
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Lara A. Harvey
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia;
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
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Schnitzer PG, Dykstra HK. Social and Demographic Characteristics and the Contribution of Fireplay to Fire-Related Mortality Among Children in the U.S., 2004-2016. Am J Prev Med 2020; 59:796-804. [PMID: 33160801 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study seeks to describe the circumstances of fire deaths among children, identify deaths related to fireplay, and compare children whose deaths were related to fireplay with non-fireplay-related deaths. METHODS Children aged 1-14 years who died in a fire during 2004-2016 were identified from the National Fatality Review Case Reporting System. Social, demographic, and fire characteristics were described and then compared for children who died in fires caused by fireplay versus non-fireplay-related deaths. Unadjusted ORs and 95% CIs were calculated. Data were collected 2004-2018 and analyzed in 2019. RESULTS A total of 1,479 children who died in fires were identified. They were predominantly male (54%) and White (47%); 34% were Black. Two or more children died in 54% of incidents. Fires occurred most frequently in single-family homes (52%) and rental properties (37%); 23% were started by smoking materials or candles. Smoke alarm information was largely missing (42%) and noted to be present and working for only 82 deaths. Fireplay was responsible for 175 (12%) of the deaths. Compared with non-fireplay-related deaths, children who died in fireplay fires were more likely to be aged 1-4 years (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.5, 4.3), male (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.2, 2.2), have supervision documented as no, but needed (OR=8.8, 95% CI=4.1, 18.8), and have an open Child Protective Services case (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.1, 3.0). CONCLUSIONS This study provides data on supervision and the role of fireplay in fatal fires among young children, offering information for the development of innovative primary prevention strategies and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Schnitzer
- National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention, Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, Michigan.
| | - Heather K Dykstra
- National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention, Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, Michigan
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Lemoine S, Grognard G, Chabernaud JL, Jost D, Travers S, Prunet B. Pediatric victims involved in urban fires in Paris and its suburbs: Epidemiology, prehospital care, and lessons learned. Arch Pediatr 2020; 27:196-201. [PMID: 32331913 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The literature includes few reports on the prehospital care of pediatric casualties of urban house fires. Here we aimed to describe the epidemiology of pediatric fire victims, focusing on their injuries, prehospital care, and survival. METHODS This retrospective study included children under 15 years of age who were victims of urban house fires and who received care from prehospital medical teams. The variables analyzed included epidemiology, specific care provided by prehospital emergency services, the number of cardiac arrests, and survival rates. RESULTS Over the 15-month study period, 365 house fires required the presence of at least one prehospital medical team. Casualties of these fires included 121 pediatric victims (median age, 4 years [interquartile range: 2-9 years]). All children were initially treated by a prehospital medical team that was not specialized in pediatrics. Six children (4.9%) received secondary treatment from a pediatric support team. Of the 121 children, 114 (94.2%) suffered from smoke inhalation and seven (5.8%) from burns. Two patients who were in cardiac arrest at their initial medical care did not survive. CONCLUSION Pediatric fire casualties were initially managed by prehospital medical teams that were not specialized in pediatrics. As in adults, the main injuries were secondary to smoke inhalation, but this has increased toxicity in children. Prehospital teams not specialized in pediatrics can optimize their practice via the sharing of experiences, team training, and cognitive aid checklist for pediatric fire victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lemoine
- Paris fire brigade medical emergency department, 1, place Jules-Renard 75017 Paris, France.
| | - G Grognard
- SMUR pédiatrique (SAMU 75), hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - J-L Chabernaud
- SMUR pédiatrique (SAMU 92), hôpital Antoine-Béclère, 157, rue porte de Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - D Jost
- Paris fire brigade medical emergency department, 1, place Jules-Renard 75017 Paris, France
| | - S Travers
- Paris fire brigade medical emergency department, 1, place Jules-Renard 75017 Paris, France
| | - B Prunet
- Paris fire brigade medical emergency department, 1, place Jules-Renard 75017 Paris, France
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